Isifo ithambo: Izinhlobo, Izimpawu kanye Ukwelashwa

Njengoba wazi, lolu hlaka lwamathambo ukusekela wonke umzimba. Ngaphandle nohlaka lwamathambo, besingeke sikwazi hhayi kuphela ukwenza ezihlukahlukene ukunyakaza, kodwa ngisho ukuma. Ngakho-ke, ukusekela umsebenzi we skeleton ingenye amakhono ezibaluleke kakhulu ezidingekayo ukuze kube nokuphila.

Ngeshwa, isifo ithambo zivamile. Ngokuvamile zihlotshaniswa kwezinso amalunga. Ezimweni eziningi, izinkinga system zemisipha sebeqala avele yokuguga. Isikhathi esining impela ziba e nabesifazane abangabafundi abakhuthele ukuya esikhathini. Noma kunjalo, isifo ithambo ezitholakala kubantu babo bonke ubudala. Ayikho ngaphandle - izingane nabancelayo.

Pathology kohlelo lwamathambo: Incazelo

Tifo letibangwa amathambo namalunga zinezikhathi kahle locomotor umsebenzi, okuyinto ziyabonakala izimpawu ezifana ushintsho Gait, ukungakwazi ukwenza enyakazayo noma ngokushintshana, ukusonteka nemilenze noma emgogodleni. Pathologies kungaba azalwa naso (genetically primed) futhi atholwe esikhathini esithile ekuphileni kwabo. Izifo zihlukaniswe yenziwe yaba yasendaweni (ukumboza okukodwa noma ngaphezulu namathambo) kanye ezivamile ezithinta lonke uhlelo zemisipha. zokugula okuvuthayo kungenzeka izakhi zofuzo (kwezinso azalwa naso), isimila uhlamvu. Iphinde linqoba uhlelo zemisipha zihlanganisa waphuka, dislocations amalunga, ukusonteka futhi contractures e pathologies letindzala umzimba. Tifo letibangwa amathambo abantu babe yokudlanga esifanayo emhlabeni. Ngokuvamile ziseZwini phakathi kwabantu besifazane. Noma kunjalo, iphesenti amadoda anomthwalo izifo of the system zemisipha futhi ezinkulu.

Lesi sifo of amathambo namalunga: zinhlobo

Etiology ithambo kanye pathologies ngokuhlanganyela ezahlukene. Kuya ngokuthi hlobo luni isifo kwenzeka endabeni ethile. Ngakho, lesi sifo oluthathwa zibe amaqembu ezilandelayo:

1. izilonda esiwohlozayo. Lezi zihlanganisa yamathambo ezinganeni ukukhumuzeka kwamathambo kwenzeka abadala. Vuka ngenxa yokuntuleka izakhi mkhondo (calcium, phosphorous). Kwalezizidingongqangi izinto ezingase ziphakame kusukela umsoco okungalungile, futhi ngenxa ukungasebenzi le ndlala yegilo, amaqanda.
2. isifo ukuvuvukala - osteomyelitis. Lesi sifo eba ngenxa ukwethulwa ejenti microbial e nezicubu namathambo. Lokhu kuhambisana kokubhujiswa kwalo - necrosis.
3. izilonda Obungapheli of the system zemisipha. Lezi zihlanganisa imifantu kanye waphuka. Futhi kufakwe leli qembu emalungeni ezilimele nemisipha (bhinyila, elula). Izimbangela ithambo izifo kuhlasimulise - ke ashaye, kokucindezelwa nezinye izinto lokukhanda.
4. Esiwohlozayo (dysplastic) egunjini lokuhlolwa kwezifo. Ukuze ufake i-osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis. Isici Etiologic yalezi pathologies akuyona ngokuqondile ezaziwayo. Kukholakala ukuthi bangase babe lezinceku (zofuzo) ubunjalo futhi baxoxela izilonda sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba ithambo.
5. izilonda Neoplastic of the system zemisipha.
6. syndromes zofuzo ezingavamile. Lezi zihlanganisa isifo Paget sika, osteogenesis imperfecta, nokunye. D.

Izimbangela ithambo pathologies

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi zonke izifo amathambo abe etiologies ezahlukene, kukhona izinto ezibanga yimiphi pathologies ngenhla. Lezi zihlanganisa imiphumela elandelayo:

1. Ukudla esingalungile. ukusetshenziswa ezinganele ukudla okunothile ngekhalsiyamu, kuholela ukwehla kwamathambo. Ngenxa yalokho, abadala ukuthuthukisa kwamathambo.
2. Singakutholi ukukhanya kwelanga. Lokhu isizathu kuholela ezifweni ezifana yamathambo. Lokhu zokugula kuvamile ezinganeni ezincane.
3. iziyaluyalu kwama-hormone. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene indlala yegilo. Lokhu umzimba unesibopho ekulondolozeni ukuzinza phakathi calcium ne phosphorus ezidingekayo ukuze amathambo. Futhi, kuze kube pathologies of the system zemisipha kungabangela ukuphazamiseka nezindlala parathyroid, ezikhiqiza amaqanda.
4. umthwalo ngokweqile angenambala asemzimbeni. Ngale ngelosi imbangela njalo egqoke sezisindo, ukuvivinya umzimba isikhathi eside, ukukhuluphala.
5. foci Okungalapheki ukutheleleka. Kubalulekile nokukhumbula ukuthi yigciwane ka kabi noma isiphi isitho kungaholela Ukungena namagciwane nohlaka lwamathambo.
6. zokugula lefundo.
7. yofuzo ezifweni of amathambo namalunga. Ngokwesibonelo, i-osteoarthritis nabazali sifo.

Lwasemtholampilo isithombe ithambo pathologies

Izimpawu izifo amathambo zincike kwesifo ngokwaso, kodwa futhi ngezinga of namandla aso. Noma kunjalo, isithombe emtholampilo izifo of the system zemisipha has ezinye izici nobabili. Lezi zihlanganisa ubuhlungu lapho ezihambayo, ithambo ukusonteka, noma ukuvuvukala ngokuhlanganyela nesisa endaweni le lesion. Lezi izimpawu ejwayelekile cishe wonke pathologies. Okuvuthayo bamathambo kunalawo izimpawu ezishiwo kuboniswa imfiva, ubuthakathaka jikelele, ukungakuthandi ukudla.

Lokhu zokugula, ezifana kwamathambo, anivunyelwe yesithombe emtholampilo. isifo Suspect ngokuvamile kubangelwa njalo ukuhlukumezeka nesineke, okuholela kwamathambo.

Enye zokugula, kokuba imvelo dystrophic kuyinto osteomalacia. Kubantu abadala, lokhu kungaba kubhekwe isifo ahlukile izingane - wawubonakalisa yamathambo. Uphawu oyinhloko osteomalacia - ubuhlungu ngesikhathi ukuthambisa amathambo, ukungakhululeki lapho ehamba.

ukubonakaliswa Clinical of system zemisipha lomdlavuza incike isigaba ohlelweni. Ngokuvamile, isimila libhekene ukubukeka uphawu ingxenye (awalethe) kanye ithambo, okuyinto ivame ukuba wandise. Ngezigaba okunzima ukwanda ama-lymph node, ongaphakeme-ebangeni imfiva, ubuthakathaka.

Ukuxilongwa pathologies kohlelo locomotor

Ukuze uthole ukuthi lapho bamathambo kungabonakala nasemkhakheni isiguli, kubalulekile ukuqhuba ucwaningo hhayi kuphela uhlelo zemisipha, kodwa futhi wonke umzimba. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukwelashwa emtholampilo ngezikhalo ubuhlungu, ukunqunywa ukunyakaza, ukusonteka. Lo chwepheshe kumelwe sithole lezi zinto ezilandelayo: ngabe abikwa noma umsebenzi ngokweqile. Ngemva kwalokho-luhlolo amathambo namalunga. Udokotela ubuza nesineke ukuze kukwazi ukunyakaza ngendlela ehlukahlukene ucubungula ukusebenza kwabo. idatha laboratory engeziwe ayizikhombisi ezibalulekile ezifana leukocyte futhi ESR, uric acid, i-calcium ne phosphorus. Futhi, uma isiguli ekhononda zobuhlungu noma ukuqina emalungeni, kubalulekile ukuqhuba ukuhlaziya ukuhlonza rheumatoid isici. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-X-ray kwenziwa lamathambo. Uma kudingeka, scan CT.

Imiphumela yaloku kuhlola okungenhla Ukwahlukaniswa yesifo ithambo

Ukuze ukuhlukanisa omunye nomunye isifo ithambo, kudingeka uhlole ngokucophelela nesineke. Phezu kokuthola ukulimala ngokushesha esimweni, futhi uphethwe akunzima. Ukuvuvukala uyaphumelela umsolwa ngenxa ukuhlolwa umlenze (khona amanxeba ne ubovu okuqukethwe, hyperemia futhi edema), kukhuphuke izinga lokushisa lomzimba, idatha laboratory (leukocytosis, erythrocyte yashesha sedimentation rate). ithambo izinguquko esiwohlozayo ngomshini x-ray. Uma usola ukuthi unesimila noma isimila Kwenziwa ikhompyutha tomography. izifo ezifana osteoarthritis noma ankylosing spondylitis bachazwa (ikakhulukazi) ngenxa isithombe emtholampilo. Basuke yayiphawuleka ngokuthambekela ukusonteka evelele of the system zemisipha kanye ushintsho Gait.

isifo ithambo: ekwelapheni pathologies

Ngisho nobuhlungu kancane noma ukuvinjelwa ukunyakaza kufanele babonane nodokotela. Phezu kokuthola ukulimala kubalulekile ukwenza isikhathi x-reyi futhi ukhonkolo, kusukela ithambo kungenzeka kukhule ndawonye, ngemva kwalokho zidinga ukwelashwa isikhathi eside. Futhi, ukunakekelwa ngezokwelashwa kuyadingeka ukuba kulungiswe ukubukeka izilonda. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene iziguli sikashukela kanye varicose emithanjeni. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lezi zifo kungukuthi ezihlobene uhlelo zemisipha, izilonda trophic kungaholela ukuthuthukiswa osteomyelitis. Lapho ugobile yomgogodla, izinyawo flat neziyaluyalu Gait kudingeka Ubona udokotela wezinyawo. Trauma unesibopho waphuka futhi dislocations amalunga. Rheumatologist ngokukhethekile ukusabela ukuvuvukala ngenxa inqubo sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba.

ukwelashwa Ukudla amathambo pathologies

Noma yimuphi isifo ithambo inkomba ukuzincisha ukudla. Ukudla okunomsoco ngeke ukuqinisa kuphela amathambo, kodwa futhi ukuze ugweme ukuqhubeka egunjini lokuhlolwa kwezifo. Ngaphezu kwakho konke kumayelana izifo kuhlasimulise futhi esiwohlozayo. Ukuqinisekisa izinga efanele kwe-calcium emzimbeni, kudingeka udle imikhiqizo yobisi. Okuqukethwe eliphakeme kwalesi sakhi is nasemkhakheni ushizi kanzima, cottage shizi, iyogathi. imithombo Calcium ihlanganisa isibindi, amahlumela namantongomane. Asincomi ukusetshenziswa ushukela, amagilebhisi, ubhontshisi, kanye nophuzo oludakayo.

Ezokwelapha kuhlinzwa,

Ngo Izifo ukuvuvukala we amathambo namalunga wasebenzisa izidakamizwa ama-NSAID iqembu. Lezi zihlanganisa imithi "Diclofenac", "Artoksan", "Aertal". Futhi ethola amaphilisi ezinhlungu Kunconywa. Ngokwesibonelo, "Ketonal" izidakamizwa. Lo muthi kuyinto izilonda ezidingekayo futhi kuhlasimulise ithambo. Abesifazane ukuya esikhathini esinengi ithuthukisa kwamathambo. Ukuze wehlise ithambo fragility estrogensoderzhaschih Kunconywa ukuba asebenzise izidakamizwa. Ngo ukusonteka ezinzima of the system zemisipha bahlinza. Futhi, ukuhlinzwa liboniswa uma ukuthola ukuthuthukiswa isimila nendlala okuthiwa i osteomyelitis.

Ukuvimbela isifo ithambo

Ukuze ugweme ukubukeka noma ukuthuthukiswa amathambo kwezinso, kubalulekile ukuthobela Ukudla, ukunciphisa umzimba. It is ibuye Kunconywa ukwenza umzimba, kodwa into esemqoka lapha - Ungeqisi it. Prophylaxis kwezimiso ukuvuvukala kuyinto foci ukuthuthwa kwendle ukutheleleka kanye therapy-antibiotic ngesikhathi exacerbation izifo esingamahlalakhona (sinusitis, namathansela).