Indlu yokuzimela: iphrojekthi. Indlu yangasese yokuzimela

Ukunikezwa kagesi komuzi wangasese, kanye nokuhlelwa kohlelo lokushisa nokuthuthwa kwamanzi, uma kuwukude nokuxhumana okuphakathi, kuwumsebenzi onzima kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, ubuchwepheshe besikhathi samanje nemishini ivumela ukuyixazulula ngokuphumelelayo.

Uhlelo lwezindlu ezizimele

Ngaphambi kokuqala ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sokuhlala, kubalulekile ukudweba imidwebo yakhe ekhombisa izindlela zokunikeza konke ukuxhumana okudingekayo. Indlu ekhululekile yokuzimela iyoba kuphela uma inayo:

• Ugesi,
• Igesi,
• Ukushisa,
• Ukutholakala kwamanzi,
• Ukudoba.

Mayelana nokuthi zonke lezi zinhlobo zokuxhumana zingagcwaliswa kanjani uma kwenzeka ukuthi indlu ikhona kude nezinhlelo eziyinhloko zobunjiniyela, futhi sizokhuluma ngokuqhubekayo.

Ukunikezwa kwamandla

Into enzima kunazo zonke ukwenza indlu yokuzimela ikhululeke ukuhlala esimweni esitholakala kude nomugqa wamandla. Kunezindlela ezintathu zokuqinisekisa ukunikezwa kwamandla okusimeme kwesakhiwo:

• Ukufakela i-generator egijima kumafutha kagesi. Inkinga yokuhlinzeka izakhiwo negesi imishini enjalo ikhetha ngokuphumelelayo. Ngemva kokuxhuma ipompi kanye ne-boiler ku-generator, kungenzeka ukuhlomisa indlu kuhlanganise nebhodi yamanzi ngokushisa. Izithiyo zale ndlela yokusebenzisa indlu yangasese zingabalwa kuphela ngezindleko eziphezulu. Ukushisa kwamanzi namuhla kuyabiza, kodwa kuzodinga okuningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-generator kuzodingeka yakha ikamelo elihlukile ngokusakaza umsindo okuhle.
• Ufake ipulazi lemoya. Le ndlela ibonakala ngezinga eliphakeme lomnotho. Ukukhokhela ugesi ngeke kube ne-penny. Noma kunjalo, izindleko esiteji sokuqala ziyoba ezinkulu kakhulu. Akwanele nje ukufaka umoya womoya. Kuzothatha imishini engaphezulu ukuqoqa amandla futhi ukuguqula DC kuya ku-AC.
• Ukuqoqa isitshalo se-mini-hydropower. Le ndlela inhle uma kwenzeka eduze komuzi ogelezayo noma umfudlana omkhulu.
• Ukuba nefenelomu ye-solar efakwe. Kulokhu, akudingeki ukhokhele ugesi noma. Kodwa-ke, izindleko zemishini enjalo ziyobiza kakhulu.

Ngokuvamile, izindlu ezisendaweni ezikude ziyakhanyiswa ngokusebenzisa i-generator. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi kunezinye izakhiwo eziseduzane, kunengqondo ukuthi omakhelwane bakhohlwe futhi bafake i-generator yomoya, ehlinzeka zonke izindlu ngegesi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Izitshalo ze-mini-hydropower nama- panels alangaze zisetshenziswe ezweni lethu.

Indlela yokukhetha i-generator ekhaya

Ukunikezwa kwamandla okuzimela okwakhiwa kwesakhiwo esakhiwe endaweni eqhelile kuvame ukuhlelwa ukucabangela izincomo ezilandelayo:

• Uma isakhiwo siseduze nomugqa wamandla, kodwa ukunikezwa kagesi kungavamile, kuphakanyiswa ukusebenzisa i-generator ye-petroli. Izindlela ezinjalo ngokuvamile azibizi kakhulu, kodwa imithombo iyancipha.
• Ukutholakala kwamandla okuzenzekelayo okuvame ukulungiswa ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa i generator dizeli. Lena imishini ekhiqizayo kakhulu, eyenzelwe ukusebenza isikhathi eside.
• Amandla we-generator anqunywa ngokufaka amandla abo bonke abathengi kanye nomkhawulo we-15-20%. Emaholidini amaholide amancane, uphethiloli we-petroleji kuze kube ngu-2 kW uvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ngamandla kagesi okuphuthumayo. Ukuze isakhiwo sokuhlala, ama-generator e-diesel anamandla angama-30 kW noma ngaphezulu avame ukukhethwa. Lezi zixhobo zikwazi ukunikeza indlu yezwe ugesi ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa.

Izici zikagesi kanye ne-diesel generator

Iziteshi zamandla eziphethiloli zepetroli zendlu zingakhiwa amahora angu-500 noma ama-1500 amahora. Kule nkomba, izinhlobo ze-diesel ziphansi kakhulu. Imakethe inezinto zokusebenza zobuchwepheshe zalolu hlobo, eyenzelwe amahora angu-3000 osebenzayo. Kodwa lezi generator zibiza kakhulu.

I-dielel models inokwethenjelwa futhi inomsebenzi wesikhathi eside. Ukukhathazeka kuphela okuvela ekusebenziseni kwabo yisidingo sokugijima ngokugcwele njalo emahoreni angu-100. Iqiniso liwukuthi lolu hlobo lwemishini aludlulisi kahle ngokungazi lutho.

Amapulazi omoya

Emklamo weziteshi ezizimele zalolu hlobo ngokuvamile ziyizinto:

• Ama-blades, i-rotor kanye ne-generator, egibele esihlahleni.
• Amabhethri angakwazi ukuvuselelwa one-control controller.
• Inverter yokuguqulwa kwamanje.
• I-electric drive ye-orientation ilandela isiqondiso somoya.
• Inzwa ehlola ukuhamba kwemimoya yomoya.
• Isistimu yokumisa okuphuthumayo (esetshenziselwa umoya wesiphepho).
• Ukushintshela okuzenzakalelayo ku-generator noma i-centralized power supply system.

Indlela ongakhetha ngayo

Ukusebenza kahle kwe-generator emoyeni kuncike ezintweni ezimbili eziyinhloko: isivinini somoya kanye nomkhakha wendawo. Isibonelo, nge-1 m ² yedivaysi elamukelayo ngesivinini sokuhamba kwamandla omhlaba we-3 m / s, kungenzeka ukuthola cishe u-6.5 W wamandla, ku-21 m / s - 2.2 kW. Indlu encane yezwe ngokuvamile ikhetha amandla okutshala okungenani kuka-0.1-2 kW. Ukuze isakhiwo sokuhlala, imishini okungenani okungama-20 kW, kusetshenziswa ubheyili kagesi, kuyodingeka. Indlu yokuzimela, egama layo lihlinzekela ukushisa kwegesi, uphethiloli oqinile noma uphethiloli oluthile, kuvame ukugesizwa ku-generator yomoya enekhono lika-5 kW. Imishini enjalo iyoba yanele ngokwanele kokusebenza okungenakathintwa kwemishini yasendlini eyisisekelo - isiqandisini, i-TV, ikhompyutha, umshini wokuhlanza, njll.

I-gasification yokuzimela

Ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ukuhlala kuleli lizwe likhululekile, akudingeki nje ukuthi unikeze indlu ezimele negesi. Isakhiwo kufanele senziwe futhi. Uma kwanele ukuba isitofu sithenge i-can futhi siyivuselele njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu, kuyomele kudingeke ukuthi kusetshenziswe imishini enzima kakhulu ukuhlomisa uhlelo lokushisa.

Kuthiwa ama-reservoir amakhulu, lapho kusetshenzwa khona ukushisa kwegesi okuzimele yendlu, amathangi kagesi. Ngokuvamile zigcwele ingxube ye-propane ne-butane futhi zenzelwe ukucindezela kufika ku-1.6 MPa. Ubukhulu beziqukathi ezinjalo zingashintsha kusuka ku-2700 ukuya ku-20 000 m ³ . Ngendlu yangasese enezindawo ezingamamitha angu-200 ^, ukusetshenziswa komnikazi wegesi wamanani amancane okwanele.

Ukubhaliswa kokuxhumeka

Ngokuzimela le mishini ayikwazi ukufakwa. Udinga ukuxhumana nenkampani yangasese noma yesifunda yesigesi. Esikhathini sokuqala, izindleko zomsebenzi zizophakama kancane. Iqiniso liwukuthi i-gasification ye-autonomous yendlu ingenzeka kuphela ngemva kokuthola izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezimvume. Amafemu ezizimele ngokuvamile anakekele futhi aqoqe wonke amadokhumenti adingekayo. Uma uphendukela kwenkampani yesifunda, kufanele uye ezigunyeni wena ngokwakho.

Ngaphansi kwegesi, umgodi wesayizi ofanele uvuliwe. I-tank iphethwe ngesisekelo sensimbi. Indlu ibanjwe kuwo futhi umgwaqo omkhulu wakhiwa. Izindlela zokuhlola zenziwa ngaphambi kokuba kusetshenziswe imishini phambi kwabameleli beRostekhnadzor.

Ukushisa

Indlu yezwe elizimele ingafutheka ngezindlela eziningi. Ngokuvamile ukufakwa kwesakhiwo sokushisa esakhiweni sokuhlala ngokungabikho kwemishini yobuchwepheshe obumbene kuhlanganisa nezinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• Ukufakwa kwe-boiler. Okwamanje, kokubili uketshezi kagesi kanye negesi zikhiqizwa, kanye namafutha aqinile kanye namafutha kagesi alo mishini. Ikhetho lokuqala likhethwa phambi kwenjini yomoya owanele. Ku-tank nge-propane ne-butane, ngokulandelana, ibhuyili le-gas lixhunyiwe. Kuzo zonke ezinye izimo ubhethri obuqinile noma amakhemikhali abizayo. Izinhlobonhlobo zokuqala zinomnotho okwedlulele. Imishini, esebenza ngamanzi kagesi, ilula kakhulu ukusebenza.
• Ukufakwa kwemigwaqo emikhulu. Njengamanje, ukuzifudumala ekhaya kuvame ukuhlelwa ngokusebenzisa amapayipi e-polypropylene, ensimbi noma ensimbi-plastiki.
• Ukufaka nokuxhumana kwamabhethri. Ukuhlukahluka okuthandwa kakhulu okwamanje kuyi-radiator bimetallic. Kanti futhi ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziselwa izinhlobo ze-aluminium ezishibhile futhi ezingapheli.
• Ukufakwa kwe-tank ukufakwa. Kuye ngokuklama, itholakala eduze kwebhola, noma esiteshini sesakhiwo.
• Ukufakwa kwepompo yokuhambisa. Ifakwa ngaphansi kwepayipi yokubuya endaweni eseduze eduze nebhayili. Ngaphambi kwepompo kufakwe isihlungi sokuhlanza i-coolant.
• Ukubeka iqembu lezokuphepha.
• Ukukhipha ubugebengu nokuqala.

Namuhla, indlu yokuzimela ehlala kude nezinhlelo eziyinhloko zobunjiniyela ngokuvamile ivutha ukusebenzisa ama-boilers abizayo. Kodwa-ke, njengoba lolu hlobo lwemishini lubiza kakhulu, ukufakwa kwegesi okuvela kwamathangi, kanye namamodeli kagesi avela ezinkampanini ezinkulu zomoya, usanda kuthola ukuthandwa.

Ukutholakala kwamanzi

Kuze kube manje, kunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela zokushisa okushisayo ezitholakalayo - eyodwa-circuit and double-circuit. Ngendlu esezindaweni ezikude, ukhetho lwesibili lungcono kakhulu. Uma usebenzisa umshini wokushisa ophindwe kabili endlini, ungahle uhlele ukushisa kuphela, kodwa futhi ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi okugcwele.

Ukushayela umthombo kuvame ukuthenjwa yinkampani ekhethekile ngalokhu. Izindleko zemisebenzi yazo zixhomeke ekujuleni kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Ukuze uthole umnotho kuyadingeka ukuba ulandele phambili ukuphatha endaweni ye-geodetic survey. Kule ndlu ibhobho lemanzi lilethwa eceleni komsele kuze kube ngokujulile okungadluli izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi. I-wiring yangaphakathi yenziwa ngokulandela iphrojekthi ngokuxhumeka komugqa ohamba phambili ngaphansi kwamanzi ashisayo ku-ubheyili.

Isistimu yokuthuthwa kwamanzi okuzimela

Uma imigqa yamandla kanye nemigodi yegesi iyatholakala cishe noma yikuphi ukuhlala, khona-ke abantu abaningi ezindaweni ezikude abaphuzi ukuthuthwa kwamanzi. Ngesidingo sesistimu efana nokuthuthwa kwamanzi okuzimele endaweni yangasese, cishe bonke abanikazi bezindlu zangasemaphandleni babhekene nazo. Yakha kanje:

• Ukuphakama okuphakathi kuphakanyisiwe. Ekhaya elilodwa lendabuko ukufakwa kwalo akudingekile, kodwa kuyadingeka.
• Ngesikhathi esingaphansi kwezingu-5 futhi hhayi ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-15 ukusuka endlini umgodi udutshulwe futhi i-tank septic ifakiwe.
• Ukusuka kuye kuya esakhiweni ukumba umugqa ngezansi izinga lokuqandisa lomhlabathi. Umsele kufanele ube nomthambeko okungenani u-3 cm ngamunye ngemitha yokusebenza.
• Ngokuvamile, ukuthuthwa kwamanzi okuzimele endaweni yangasese kuhlanganiswe ngokusebenzisa i-polyethylene, i-polypropylene noma amapayipi eplastiki. Ngaphambi kokuwabeka, phansi komsele ubeka ngetshe elichotshoziwe. Thela amapayipi kuqala ngesihlabathi bese ube nomhlaba. Amadolo wesistimu wokuthuthwa kwamanzi angalungiswa kuphela engeni le-obtuse.
• I-wiring ngaphakathi endlini yenziwa ngokuhambisana namazinga we-SNIP. Ungabeki indlu yangasese ngaphezu kwekhishi noma indawo yokuhlala. Ibanga eliphakathi kwama-plumbing fixtures akumele libe ngaphansi kwama-25 cm. Indlu yangasese iyindawo eseduze eduze ne-riser. Ngokuqhubekayo kufakiwe, kakhulu amathuba okuvala. Imishini yokugeza kanye nama-dishwashers axhunyiwe kwi-lounger ngokusebenzisa amapayipi aguquguqukayo. Ngaphansi kwendawo yokugezela kanye ne-sink kufanele kufakwe amasiphoni.

Indlu ezimele elungiselelwe: intengo

Namuhla, uma uthanda, awukwazi nje ukuhleleka iphrojekthi ehlonyelwe sonke isakhiwo esibalulekile sokuxhumana. Ezinye izinkampani zokwakha zithengisa futhi sezivele zilungiswe amakhaya asekhaya. Ngokuvamile, lezi zakhiwo ezikhethiwe noma izakhiwo ze-frame-panel panel. Izindlu ezinjalo zibiza kakhulu. Kuye ngezinhlobo zemishini esetshenzisiwe kanye nobukhulu besakhiwo ngokwalo, intengo ingahluka phakathi kwama-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-1-3 nokuningi.