Indlu Monolithic: ukubuyekezwa. Monolithic uzimele endlini nemibi kanye nezici

Ukwakhiwa izakhiwo Monolithic kwenziwa ubuchwepheshe kunalokho eziyinkimbinkimbi. Noma kunjalo, izimiso eziyisisekelo ecacile ngisho wohlelo abavamile. Okokuqala, ukuba kwakhiwe le formwork is bazakha. Esikhathini esizayo, ligcwele nosimende ukhonkolo. Yini edonsela izindlu Monolithic namuhla?

Izibuyekezo Ochwepheshe

Namuhla izakhiwo zakhelwe ubuchwepheshe ezahlukene. Uma ukwakhiwa nalehleliwe iphupho yabo ekhaya, ochwepheshe batusa ukuba makudle isakhiwo Monolithic. Ngenxa wakhe, kungenzeka ukwakhiwa kwezindlu okunokwethenjelwa yikuphi ukucushwa. Okokuqala, izazi zithi ukwakhiwa Monolithic akusho ukusetshenziswa imishini esindayo. Kahle kahle, lokhu kusebenza Cranes. Kulokhu, ukhonkolo. Nge ikhambi zakamuva is batheleka isikhunta ekhethekile. I ukhonkolo kungenziwa wabeka ezingeni ukuphakama 4 m. Ngakho, isimo sezwe kugcinwa endaweni.

Izinzuzo ubuchwepheshe

Ukusebenzisa le ndlela ikuvumela ukwakha isakhiwo yanoma yimuphi yinkimbinkimbi futhi ukumisa. umumo lwalugobile singasetshenziswa. Lona omunye izinzuzo main yendlu Monolithic. Izibuyekezo abanikazi abaningi izakhiwo zokuhlala abonisa izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu belungiselela kokuqeda izakhiwo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo izinkathi msebenzi kuyehla kube sezingeni eliphansi. Uma uqhathanisa like wokwakha izindlu, olusebenzisa non-esikhiphekayo formwork uhlobo nge obunye ubuchwepheshe, inqubo ukwakhiwa yanda cishe ngokuphindwe kayishumi. Futhi, kukhona ukonga imali. Lena ngenye yezinto okuyisidingo abathengi abaningi, ukuze ukhethe amaphrojekthi ofanele bona izindlu eziqinile.

Umahluko omkhulu kusukela nezinye izakhiwo

Ukunikeza izindonga Monolithic abathandekayo ohlabayo ukuthi zakhiwe ngezitini ezishisiwe, izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezimbili. Nokho, isakhiwo ukujiya lokuqala 0.3 m phezu conductivity ezishisayo ngempumelelo esikhundleni 2.3 m wesibili. Self-ukwakhiwa amakhaya kunciphisa Ukushisa izindleko cishe 4 izikhathi. Ngakho, ngo-ukwakhiwa 10x10 m isikhala yayo ingaphakathi kuzokwanda 15 sq. m. Lokhu kuzovula ekamelweni owengeziwe.

azifani

amakhaya Monolithic zihlukaniswa amandla futhi rigidity. Ochwepheshe bathi ngokuzethemba ukuthi, ngokuvumelana nemingcele kwalezi zikhungo kukhona yesibili none. Ngo ezakhiwe ezinjalo umthwalo esisekelweni kuyehla kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa izici of ubuchwepheshe ukwakhiwa. Ngokwesibonelo, ukusetshenziswa izisekelo entsha melkozaglublennyh akuvumelekile ukwakhiwa cottage. Futhi uzinake iyona izindleko eliphansi ukwakhiwa yabo. ilungiselelo OKUVUMELEKILE ngezinto zesintu futhi formwork unomphela. Nale unjiniyela angaqalisa ukusebenzisa noma iyiphi cottage wokwakha noma cottage. Lokhu kusebenza kokubili ngamunye isakhiwo nesitayela yezakhiwo ukuba obizayo.

Izizathu ithandwa

Le ndlu endlini Monolithic manje kubhekwe izindlu Igumbi lebhizinisi-class. Ukuze lobu buchwepheshe ukwakhiwa izinga ephakeme izakhiwo isici. Njengoba kufakazelwa kwesikhathi ukusebenza, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho indlu kufanelekile ukuba uhlalwe. Kuyinto mayelana nezikhathi wakudala.

Izici ukwakhiwa

Vele namuhla zakhelwe izindlu eziqinile. Izibuyekezo Onjiniyela abonisa ukuthi umklamo ukuze kwakhiwe inani elincani hardware edingekayo. ubuchwepheshe isimiso ulula: ukhonkolo is batheleka formwork lelungiselelwe. Ngenxa yalesi ophahleni, phansi kanye izindonga etholakala flat ngokuphelele. On the Sakhiwo sangaphandle nethonya elihle ezengeziwe yokuqedela ebhekene izinto. Ikakhulukazi, kubukeka esihle dwala ngezitini endlini. Lolu hlobo ukwakhiwa ubizwa nangokuthi "ukuphefumula." Ziyakwazi apholile ehlobo nokuthi afudumele ebusika.

Ithonya izimo zezulu

Noma yimuphi isitshalo ukungenwa ukuncipha. Abayona ngaphandle futhi izindlu Monolithic. Izibuyekezo of the abanikazi izakhiwo zibonisa awunankinga izindonga, iphansi amakhabethe nokunye ngomuthi ngesikhathi ukuncipha njengoba kwenzeka ngokulinganayo. Ngokusho abathengi izakhiwo ezinjalo ngokwabo, kwaphela iminyaka eminingi akufanele kumakwe imifantu, sags nezinye sengozini. Ithonya kwezulu incane. Kulokhu, akukho emalungeni phakathi amapuleti. Lokhu isici - iphuzu eliyinhloko ezibuthakathaka izakhiwo panel. Nazo ngokufanayo, ziya ngokuya zigwenywe. Nokho, ezimweni eziningi, ubuchwepheshe kuhlanganiswe asetshenziswa. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye abathengi ukukhetha ezinikwe iphaneli endlini. Kulokhu, indima esemqoka udlalwa ngentengo. High-liphumele izakhiwo (Monolithic) lingakhiwa yimuphi sezulu, ngisho noma izinga lokushisa ngaphansi kwezingaqhwa. izakhiwo ezinjalo kungenziwa ebizwa nge- "Seamless". Basuke zihlukaniswa i nempilo ende enviable.

ukwakhiwa sesimanje

Sakaza-e-Uhlaka ubuchwepheshe - indlela eyingqayizivele. Sihlanganisa izimiso ezimbili ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo. Le ndlela iye yathuthukiswa ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Okwamanje, yena uqagula izindlu Monolithic yalolu hlobo athandwa kakhulu. Lobu buchwepheshe libhekene ochwepheshe njengoba izinga fast, kulula futhi high. It ikuvumela ukuba ulondoloze imali Ukushisa amakhaya. Lobu buchwepheshe kusekelwe ukusetshenziswa polystyrene amapuleti. Ukhonkolo sisetshenziswa ku ukubacindeza. indlu okunjalo bekuyosho enamandla kakhulu futhi enokwethenjelwa uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izakhiwo. Lokhu ikhaya Siyaqiniseka bavikelekile okulandelayo:

1. Kungalingani ngemazinga ukwehlisa isisekelo.
2. imifantu abahlukahlukene.
3. Deformation we ukuvuleka iwindi.

Kulesi hlobo ukwakhiwa zakhelwe ikhaya esitebeleni kuphela. Bayakwazi ukuhambisa ukuzamazama komhlaba steadfastly futhi yiziphepho ezinzima. Ochwepheshe batusa ukusetshenziswa le ndlela yokwakha ezindaweni ezithandwa ukuzamazama komhlaba nomhlabathi subsidence. Le ubuchwepheshe eside esetshenziswa emazweni asethuthukile. isikhathi - iminyaka engaba ngu-200. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kule mikhaya basuke phakathi nesikhathi esifushane. Lezi Cottages kukhona umakhalekhukhwini futhi zikhululekile kakhulu. Lokhu ibangelwa ukwakhiwa Seamless futhi ukungabi khona amabhuloho abandayo. Ngaphakathi izakhiwo kwakhiwa "umphumela thermos". Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngesikhathi nezikhathi ashisayo Kupholile, futhi ebusika - efudumele kakhulu. Manje ukwakha izindlu ezinikwe ku-Uhlaka eshibhile ukwakha kuka cottage bendabuko.

izinto ezidingekayo

Ngaphambi kokwakha, kudinga izibalo efanele. I ukusetshenziswa isilinganiso ngokhonkolo ngamunye 1 sq. m -. kuya 0.7 ^M3. steel Ukugxilisa zidinga kufika ku-70 kg. Ukuze aveze formwork, kufanele usebenzise ezihlukahlukene izinto.

metal

Steel futhi aluminiyamu - labo izinto zithatha umthwalo oyinhloko. It ikhiqizwa sihlobene izakhi lokuqala formwork. Kulokhu, lo-zinc isicelo noma lashukumisa steel kokuba enamathela powder. Lesi sakamuva ngesikhatsi operation inikeza yokuhlanza ngokushesha formwork kuyakuvikela kusuka ukugqwala. Aluminium Kulula ukuba aklame lesi steel cishe kathathu. Lokhu kakhulu ziyancipha intengo ukufakwa formwork kanye yinkimbinkimbi kwezinto zokuhamba yayo. Ngakho, izindleko kwakhiwa umuzi Monolithic nayo iyancishiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsebenzi akazange iqhaza crane.

izinkuni

ukhuni laminated noma ipulangwe ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa womshini ezithintekile formwork izakhi. Eyokuqala has a ukumelana eliphezulu kakhulu ukuze ukusonteka namandla. Nokho, ukhuni has kusimo abalulekile. Kuyinto mayelana hygroscopicity. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izakhi izinkuni kungase zigcwala noma emicwini eqondile. Ngakho-ke, ukwakhiwa plywood laminated esetshenziswa kokuba phenol-formaldehyde enamathela ekhethekile. Siyabonga kuye, kukhona ukwehla elibukhali adhesion ukuze eziphathekako kuqinisekisa inzuzo okusezingeni eliphezulu.

polystyrene Expanded

formwork Permanent kwale nto sebekulungele ukukhushulelwa ekwakhiweni ongaphakeme liphumele izindlu Monolithic. It is ababebuthene usebenzisa ukuxhumana phakathi olwelwesini futhi kwangaphakathi emabhuloki. Njengoba for isakhiwo indaba, ithi ayifane kakhulu zemvelo. Sikhuluma emagxolweni kukakhokho esihlahleni, okubandakanya micro-granules. Ngo Foam njengoba le nto iba ububi ngentukuthelo. Phakathi kwezici zayo ezihlaba yilezi ezilandelayo:

• Akukona ukuheha amagundane isinambuzane izinambuzane.
• Bungangcolisi amanzi phansi.
• Kuyinto ukumelana nomswakama.
• Ngokombono amakhemikhali umbono - ke abathathi hlangothi.
• Hhayi enemisebe.

Lokhu yokwakha kubhekwa kungenangozi ngokuphelele. Kusukela ngisho ezenziwe udini emaphaketheni, okuyinto ke uxhumana ukudla. Ngaphandle Ungathi Foam, Nokho izici zabo ezihluke kakhulu. Ngo inqubo ukukhiqizwa impahla therefrom phenol etholakala ezingcolisa, kanye izithasiselo ekhethekile yethulwe, okuyinto ukuvikela impahla unganqotshwa.

izici eziyinhloko izindonga

Design emakhaya ezakhiwa kule ubuchwepheshe, futhi babe nezici zabo, phakathi okuyizinto lokhu okulandelayo:

1. ezingeni II umlilo ukumelana.
2. Ukuzwakala komculo - 53 dB.
3. Daily amanzi ukumuncwa - 1%.
4. Ukushabalalisa ukushisa ngamunye 1 sq. m -. 3.2 K / W.
5. IMisa izindonga undecorated - 340 kg 1 sq. m.
6. ezakhiwe wugqinsi - 30 cm.

Izici kwendalo shuttering unomphela: isikimu jikelele

Ukwakhiwa kwendlu kule ubuchwepheshe uhlanganisa izigaba eziningana, okulandelayo ungabahlukanisa phakathi kwabo:

1. Kufanele siqale ukulungiselela ngokhonkolo.
2. Khona-ke sikulungele formwork uqobo.
3. Ukuze Faka ukhonkolo lelungiselelwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho ukwakhiwa formwork kumele ziphathwe esigqulweni ekhethekile. It efakwe nge izingxenye ingxenye (izingalo, imilenze kanye elihlangana sivala).

algorithm

Monolithic formwork ukhonkolo wathululwa okuphekiwe. Kuyadingeka ukuba ulinde solidification yesixazululo. Ngemva kwalokhu formwork kuyinto ekhishiwe, kuyilapho ingxenye esikhiphekayo uhlala ukhonkolo. Ngokuzayo liyoba ekuvikeleni ungqimba.

Imininingwane ebalulekile

I Monolithic ukwakhiwa formwork kukhona izinhlobo ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlukanisa ukuklanywa izisekelo, iphansi nezindonga. Ngakho, ukufakwa formwork senziwa ngendlela ehlukile. Endabeni isakhiwo esisetshenziselwa isisekelo besokunxele evundla nemithambeka ekhethekile. Formwork kusho ivolumu noma telescopic Racks. tintfo letitinhlobonhlobo asetshenziselwa ukwakha isakhiwo Monolithic, kuhlanganise:

1. Steel.
2. Izinkuni.
3. Aluminium.
4. Plastic.

Ikhwalithi kanye izakhiwo isakhiwo encike ngqo kwi into. Ezimweni eziningi, formwork unomphela wenza thick polystyrene Foam. Umklamo limelela amayunithi nge plate amabili. Xhuma kubo amabhuloho esitebeleni. Izimbotshana basesimweni formwork usakhiwa kwagcizelela, bese egcwele ukhonkolo. Izindiza kakade ifakwe sivala, ezithinta isimo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kukhona kuyofikwa into efanayo emhlanganweni amabhlogo "Lego". Le ndlela yokwakha yenza izinzuzo eziningi. Okokuqala, akukho isidingo esaziwa izakhi. Futhi waqhubeka nemingcele weJiyomethri izindonga. Ngakho, i-compounds uphawu.

Izici formwork unomphela

isakhiwo polystyrene ubhekwa phezu flat. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ke Uvunyelwe ukuthi uqale kuze kube sekugcineni izindonga. Nokho, noma yimuphi zokwakha. Finishing unamathele ngu kunenze nisondelane ingcina. Futhi emzimbeni eziphathekayo okunamathiselwe mechanical angafakwa. Uma kunikwe amandla formwork unomphela, e likunqubo eyakhelwe Monolithic kwagcizelela ukhonkolo odongeni hlobo. Kufanele libe umakhalekhukhwini nokushisa ukwahlukanisa jacket ngaphakathi kanye nangaphandle. Ngakho, ukwakheka emaphaketheni ezibandayo of ayifakiwe ngokugcwele. Ngenxa ezishisayo ekuvikeleni ungqimba ngaphandle isakhiwo Monolithic ivikelwe kusukela izici zendawo ezimbi. Lokhu kusebenza futhi okokuqandisa. Lesi sendlalelo kuyinto umgoqo phakathi emoyeni sekuqala ukufudumala kanye kwezindonga engaphakathi emagcekeni elise isakhiwo.

I yokuntula main

Ngeshwa, lolu hlobo ukwakhiwa ngaphezu izinzuzo kukhona nemibi. Okokuqala, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi kuyabiza. Futhi lokhu awasebenzi kuphela izindleko. Kuzothatha impela ehloniphekile ukwakha indlu okuqinile. Intengo ngobusuku 1 kV / m - kusuka ku- 14 - 18 tys.r. Sibonelo e intengo ukwakhiwa kungenxa izinto otelochnyh. Isibonelo salokhu isitini endlini Monolithic. Izindleko ngamunye imitha square kuwo kusuka 1.5 kuya kwezingu-3.5. Dollars. Kulokhu, inqubo sokwakha kuzothatha namanje isikhathi esithile. Ngakho, ukulethwa efulethini kuzodingeka silinde. ukuhlela Mahhala ubhekwa isici esiyinhloko izakhiwo ezinjalo. Noma kunjalo, ngeke kubhekwe inzuzo ongenambangi. Imizi enjalo kungaba eyehlukile kakhulu ngokubukeka kwabo. Ngakho, uma isikhangiso uthi isakhiwo zakhiwe ngokwemigomo iphrojekthi ngabanye, ukwakhiwa kwaleli kunoma isiphi isimo siqinile.