Indlela yokwenza waphansi emsebenzini Yiqiniso

Zonke abafundi bazi ukuthi kudlule imisebenzi yesayensi ukuhlola uthisha kumele kube ngokuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho yokubhala. Kodwa ngokuvamile, nawu umbuzo, indlela ukuhlela umbhalo waphansi umsebenzi Yiqiniso. Mayelana-ke manje futhi ngifuna ukutshela.

amadokhumenti

Into yokuqala ukuthi kuyinto ukuthi uma kuphakama umbuzo esiqondile ngokuqondene yokubhaliswa Yiqiniso umsebenzi, kungcono ubheke GOST ejwayelekile 7.1-2003. It imele zonke izimfuneko sokubhalisa imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yesayensi, kuhlanganise eminye imininingwane mayelana nokuthi yini kulezi imibhalo kufanele kube yaphansi. Nokho, ngeshwa iningi, lapho enza ukuhambela kukhona nhlobo akachazanga ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani konke. Lo mbhalo senzelwe esengeziwe umtapo yokubhalisa lwezincwadi.

Kodwa kuthiwani umfundi ofuna ukuba uzazi kahle wena, indlela yokwenza waphansi ku izinga lokushintshisana? Kuyinto elula, kudingeka sifune usizo abasebenzi emnyangweni noma ukuthatha izimfuno zabo ngokuqondile ngomfundisi enamathiselwe. Njengoba ulwazi olugcwele mayelana nomklamo we yaphansi e nesihambeli ayinayo, uchwepheshe ngamunye unelungelo ukusetha izidingo zabo umklamo izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zalo msebenzi yesayensi abafundi bayo.

Kungani na?

Abantu abaningi Kungenzeka ube nentshisekelo nolwazi mayelana nokuthi yingani udinga waphansi emsebenzini Yiqiniso kuka zisiza. Ngakho, kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula ukuthi ngamunye umsebenzi ngamunye kumele ahluke kokuqukethwe yayo. Yiqiniso, ungasebenzisa ezihlukahlukene izincwadi, kodwa ngokuyisisekelo ubhala eside - ukuhlaziywa ulwazi wathola, nencazelo yalo nokuzithoba ngabanye. Uma ufuna ukusebenzisa lesisho noma unamathisele umbhalo Isiqeshana esivela nezinye izincwadi, ngempela, ubhekisela emthonjeni. Uma loku kungentiwa, umfundi kalula ngokuthi umqondo womunye, kanye ukuqaphela umsebenzi elingasekho empini. Kodwa-ke zimbi kakhulu ukwedlula ukuthola uphawu olubi (nakuba kungenzeka yini ulungise inani) ngoba coursework yabo.

izinhlobo yaphansi

Kumele ukuthi yaphansi emsebenzini course ezimbili zama:

1. Imibhalo yaphansi (ulwazi mayelana umthombo kuyiphi kwikhotheshini esithathwayo, ezansi kwekhasi, ngaphansi umbhalo ngokwawo).

2. okusemgqeni (umthombo idatha enikeziwe ngokushesha ngemva izingcaphuno kubakaki). Sinenkosi izinombolo ezimbili. Okokuqala, inani umthombo ukulandelana ohlwini inkomba, wesibili: ikhasi umthombo, lapho kwikhotheshini ibekwe.

Uma kungekho izidingo ezikhethekile, yaphansi zikhishwa abangahlanzekile nganoma iyiphi yalezi zindlela. Nokho, izikole eziningi bakhetha a yaphansi kuwusizo kakhudlwana uxhumekile kwi-inthanethi.

Inketho 1: Imibhalo yaphansi

Zonke cishe wabubona ku version yokugcina imibhalo yaphansi. Eduze izwi wokugcina ikhotheshini phambi izingcaphuno kumi tsiferka ezincane (isibonelo, 1). Khona-ke, ekupheleni kwalesi ishidi nge uthunge izinhlamvu ezincane uzonikezwa incazelo egcwele lokho ncamashi umthombo kwikhotheshini esithathwayo (igama lombhali, isihloko sencwadi, umshicileli, ngonyaka), futhi ukhombise nenombolo (noma izinombolo) kwekhasi. Ukuze ngokuzimela ukwenza lezi yaphansi kuphela kudingeka ngokuphumelelayo ukusebenzisa izici MS Word. I-algorithm simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

- yamathuluzi (sise phezulu ewindini ukusebenza) ukuthola ithebhu "Faka";

- khona ukuqhubeka ukuthola into "Amanothi Links";

- ngesandla ifomethi waphansi, khetha izinombolo ekhasini ngalinye (kule samuntu, umbhalo waphansi izokwenziwa ekupheleni kwekhasi ngalinye ababebeka zitholakala).

Nokho, kufanele kusho ukuthi izinguqulo "Lesigceme" algorithm kuhlukile kancane:

- zonke yamathuluzi efanayo, udinga ukuthola ithebhu "Links";

- uqhubeke ukuthola khona into "Amanothi";

- chofoza nto "Faka Umbhalo waphansi" bese ufaka ulwazi mayelana umthombo ngesandla.

ezicashile ezibaluleke

Kubalulekile nokukhumbula ukuthi yaphansi emsebenzini Yiqiniso ezibekwe kuphela lapho ukulandisa esithathwayo ngokuphelele umthombo izwi nezwi. Uma kulotshiwe ikhotheshini mahhala, kodwa amagama Namanje waboleka, ukubhalisa yaphansi kule nguqulo kuyoba kancane ezahlukene. Kuyohlale kudingeka phambi okubonisa umthombo ukubhala umusho elandelayo: "Bheka. ngakho. " okungukuthi umbhali uveza ukuthi ulwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nalesi ingatholakala umthombo ethile.

Isibonelo: "Bheka. ngakho: Ivanov II Imfundiso jikelele ekuthuthukiseni ukuphila emhlabeni. M:. Biol, 2000, k. 19 ".

Ngokufanayo, izoba izinkomba ezimbalwa zazo sathathwa ngendlela efanayo nokuhumusha ulwazi okwethulwa umsebenzi Yiqiniso. Zizokwenziwa zibe ngemva ibinzana efanayo, yomugqa owodwa, ahlukaniswe amakhefanangqi.

Inketho 2: okusemgqeni

Ngakho, ukuqonda yokubhalisa obengeziwe imibhalo yaphansi emsebenzini Yiqiniso. Sithe lapho ezimbili ongakhetha kukhona. Kuwufanele ethi yaphansi isibonisi uxhumekile kwi-inthanethi lula kunalokho ongezansi, ngoba akadingi ukusebenzisa noma isiphi izici extra, konke kwenziwa ngesandla. Udinga nje kuphela ukwazi ukuthi kumele afakwe kubakaki ngokushesha ngemva lesisho ebhaliwe (ngaphambi dot ekupheleni komugqa). Kubalulekile ukukhumbula izingibe ezimbili:

1. Okokuqala, umthombo kumele kube ikamelo kuyiphi lesisho esithathwayo (ngokwendlela ohlwini izincwadi) izinombolo emva isemikholoni.

2. Landelayo udinga ukucacisa ikhasi. Ngokusho izidingo, ngaphambi inombolo kungaba uphawu "a.", Kodwa mhlawumbe hhayi. Uma lesisho kulotshiwe emakhasini eziningana, futhi kuyadingeka ukuze ucacise.

Izibonelo uxhumekile kwi-inthanethi link

Kubalulekile futhi ukunikeza izibonelo yaphansi emsebenzini Yiqiniso. Ngakho, ungashada kanjani lo mbhangqwana bheka:

1. [12; p.22];

2. [12; 22];

3. [12; a. 22-23];

4. [12; 22-23].

Zonke lezi ezahlukeneyo kukhona abazalwa lesifanele. Nokho, waphinda ngifuna ukukhumbuza ukuthi yonke imininingwane yokubhaliswa yaphansi kungcono ucacise uthisha noma abasebenzi we umnyango, ngakho-ke akudingeki unemibuzo noma izikhalazo.

Ubunzima ekuklanyweni yaphansi uxhumekile kwi-inthanethi

Ukuhlaziya indlela ukudweba waphansi ngokuhamba lo msebenzi, kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula ukuthi kungaba khona ubunzima obuthile. Eyokuqala yalezi kwenzeka uma inqubo yokubhaliswa yaphansi akakabi uhlu ukulungele ngokugcwele izikhombo. Uma ushintsha inombolo yokugcina kweminye imithombo ishintshwe ngokuzenzekelayo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi kumelwe futhi ushintshe izinombolo nemibhalo yaphansi futhi kungenjalo ulwazi akulona iqiniso. Ngakho-ke, uma ubhala luhlaka (noma inguqulo zokusebenza course) kanye ukuqedela ukubhaliswa uhlu lwezikhombo kubakaki Kuhle ukungayidli ucacise inombolo omthombo igama lombhali (kuyinto ke kulula kakhulu ukulungiswa).

imithetho ekhethekile

Ngemva kokufunda zonke vyshenapisannogo ulwazi, kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula elula ambalwa, kodwa imithetho ebalulekile indlela yokwenza umbhalo waphansi izinga lokushintshisana:

1. Lapho senza waphansi kufanele acabangele ubunjalo ukulandisa (umbhalo ogcwele noma eboleka nencazelo yalo).

2. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula mayelana nezidingo yangaphakathi lesikhungo sokubhalisa yaphansi.

3. Ukwenza yaphansi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula imithetho yokubhalisa kwezincwadi izihloko, zincwadi ziphakathi kokulandisa okuvelele futhi lokuqala isandla, zingabantu ukuhluka.

4. Imibhalo yaphansi kulula ukushintsha (ngoba wangena ngokuzenzakalelayo), kunokuba uxhumekile kwi-inthanethi. Nokho, umklamo, ukhetho lwesibili kulula, ngoba Akudingi ulwazi izici MS Word.

Thina wachaza ngokuningiliziwe ukuklanywa yaphansi kule nkambo, njengoba ungabona, lutho eziyinkimbinkimbi noma imilingo. Omunye uye kanye kuphela ukuzama ukwenza yonke into ngokwakho, futhi ungakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi azikho nobunzima ekulungiseleleni kungekho yabo.