Imikhakha lolimi isenzo ngesiRashiya. Isenzo emshweni

Lapho sifuna ukuchaza isenzo esithile noma isimo kwaleso sifundvo ngetindlela inkulumo, sisebenzisa isenzo. I kwesenzo emshweni uchaza isihloko isenzo, ukuba khona kwakhe esimweni esithile nokunye okunjalo.

Ngomqondo jikelele kakhulu, isenzo lisho izinqubo ezihlukahlukene futhi kuhlanganisa eziningana amaphuzu idatha efana incazelo isenzo (ukudweba), isimo (kushintshiwe), incazelo yenqubo (ukugeleza) futhi incazelo motion (iyasebenza).

Isenzo has a izigaba unomphela futhi okungezona nokusetshenziswa kolimi. izici njalo lwetakhi telulwimi (izigaba) kukhona ngokuqinile ngamazwi. Lezi zihlanganisa ukubukeka, ibheyili, reflexivity futhi transitivity. Lihlanganisa, kodwa uchazwa izigaba, Isenzo conjugations. isitayela lakhe aliguquki futhi njalo. Esincane noma abangenaso nhlobo izigaba lwetakhi telulwimi ekhona zonke izinhlobo tento. Lezi zihlanganisa isikhathi, usuku, umuntu, imizwa kanye nobulili.

Kulesi sihloko sihlolisise lokho esenzweni, isenzo imikhakha yolimi nendlela izinhlobo tento.

Isigaba ukuthambekela

Lesi sigaba kubonisa ubudlelwano phakathi isenzo isenzo-isilandiso kanye ngokoqobo. Tento asetshenziswa izinhlobo ezintathu ezahlukene kuthambekela.

Indlela kubonisa inqubo real noma isenzo eselivele kwenzekani, ihlala okwamanje noma kuzokwenzeka esikhathini esizayo. Tento kule kwemizwelo ushintsho ngezikhathi ezithile (ngokulandelana - esidlule, zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo).

Okunemibandela kwemizwelo subjunctive ubizwa nangokuthi. Ikhombisa isinyathelo ngiyaphupha ebesingenzeka. Empeleni, kuyizinhlayiyana "ukuze" avame kuboniswe. Ngokwesibonelo, "Ngingathanda ukuhlala e Moscow", "wagijima eyayiseduze kwale nkundla."

Lephocako - ukuthambekela nzima kakhulu eveza kadokotela izicelo, izifiso nezifiso esenzweni. tento okunjalo akhiwa usebenzisa Ushintshe isenzo eziyimpumelelo sikhathi samanje (ifomu abangaphelele ukuze tento) nezesikhathi esizayo (ifomu ephelele tento). Ngakho, simo lesiphocako tento mathupha 2nd elisebunyeni ezahlukene isiphetho "s". Ngokwesibonelo: "Gijima, ugijimele."

I Isigaba

Buka - isigaba esenzweni eveza indlela ukwenza isenzo nge inkomba uma futhi kuba isikhathi esingakanani inqubo ithatha indawo. Buka uphelele futhi abangaphelele. Kusukela isihloko kuyacaca ukuthi amazwi uhlobo esiphelele show umkhawulo othile isinyathelo: noma kokuqala noma lokugcina (kodwa kumele sigcwaliswe noma waqala kwezinye inkathi yesikhathi). tento Imperfective ibonisa inqubo ngaphandle kukhulunywa kokuqedwa kwalo. Buka futhi ukhandlekile sesenzo okuhlobene. tento Imperfective ezihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezintathu ezahlukene isikhathi (search isikhathi kabanzi ngezansi): esidlule, zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo. Ngokwesibonelo, "ukuhamba", "ukuhamba", "hamba". tento Perfective zinesikhathi sasebusika ezimbili: esizayo futhi esikhathini esidlule.

Isigaba isikhathi

Isikhathi - esigabeni sesenzo ebonisa isenzo kanye isilinganiso isikhashana esithile yokukhuluma. Kusukela zendaba engenhla kuyacaca kithi ukuthi kukhona izigaba ezintathu ngesikhathi.

• Okwamanje - inqubo senzeka uma sibhekiswe.
• Odlule - inqubo yaqedwa ngaphambi saya ngakho.
• Ngokuzayo - inqubo ukuthi nakanjani emva inqubo yokukhuluma.

Amafomu we sikhatsi sanyalo nesikhatsi esizayo ngeke semthethweni ngokuya lolimi, kuyilapho amafomu lesengcile zenziwa nge isijobelelo "-l-" noma kungekho Isijobelelo. Ngokwesibonelo, "kubalekeleni-l-a" noma "Ngathatha".

Isigaba zesikhashana

Lokhu isenzo isigaba ibonisa isilinganiso senqubo entweni ethile. Kuye ngokuthi ube nethuba ukuya into isenzo noma cha, zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili: tento umenziwa netento ngadingi umenziwa.

• Umenziwa tento ukukhombisa isinyathelo ezithunyelwa iyiphi into. Nazo ngokufanayo, zihlukaniswe: ekudalweni tento (Dala, nokunamathisela ngomthofu, ukuthunga), tento nolokubhujiswa (wayichoboza, ikhefu), tento okuqonda (ubukeke kahle futhi uzizwe), tento ezwakalisa imizwelo (kugcugcutela, ukubandakanya), kanye amazwi imicabango namazwi (conceptualize, ukuxhumana).
• tento ngadingi umenziwa abonisa isenzo engakwazi ukuya entweni ethile. Phakathi kwabo kukhona: tento, okubonisa inqubo ubuntu (ibekwe), okubonisa inqubo ukunyakaza (run, fly), ezibonisa isimo lomunye (ukugula abangwe, ukuthukuthela, ukulala), tento olukhombisa uhlobo oluthile yomsebenzi (yokufundisa, ukupheka) ezikhomba indlela ukwenza izenzo ezithile (fu elinobuthi, frills) ekugcineni, tento, kubonisa ezibukwayo futhi sokuzwa bezibona (kukhanya tetifundvo).

Isigaba isibambiso

isigaba Verb, okubonisa ubudlelwano phakathi isihloko kokwenza inqubo (isenzo), inqubo ngokwalo kanye into, maqondana okuyinto inqubo wenziwa (isenzo). Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-izibambiso: yekwentiwa. Simokwenta - ibonisa ukuthi indaba ifuna inhlangano ohlobana ngokuqondile isenzo noma inqubo. Endabeni izwi yokwenziwa lihlukile. Kulokhu, isihloko iphathelene into, lapho kwenziwa isenzo esithile kusukela nezinye izinto noma abantu. Izwi ungawusebenzisi kungenziwa esashiwo tijobelelo noma imikhakha ekhethekile participles yekwentiwa.

Isigaba ukubuyiswa kwemali

Lezi zenzo basonta isigaba tento ngadingi umenziwa. Leli fomu ethile wezwakalisa ngokusebenzisa postfix "Xia". Lezi zenzo zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ehlukile ukukhokha imbuyiselo. Kuye ukubaluleka kwabo, tento ezinjalo zihlukaniswe amaqembu 4 elandelayo n:

• Nge yansukuzonke wakho - asetshenziswa lapho isenzo sibhekiswe ungumuntu ngokwakhe. Ngokwesibonelo, igama elithi "ubumsulwa, ukulungele ukucasuka."
• Okusizayo ukubuyela - esebenziswe lapho isenzo esachazwa amaqembu amabili, okuhloswe ngazo omunye nomunye. Kokubili umuntu kulesi simo isihloko futhi into. Ngokwesibonelo, "ukuze ubone, ukuxhumana."
• Ngokungaqondile-okubuyisekayo - esebenziswe lapho isenzo izimisele ngumuntu isithakazelo yabo. Ngokwesibonelo, 'ukuhlanganisela (ukuqoqa izinto ngokwabo), kunqunywa (ukunquma okuthile mina). " It kungenziwa ikhishwe e isakhiwo usebenzisa "uqobo".
• Obschevozvratnye - esebenziswe lapho inqubo ethile kuboshelwe isimo tesifundvo. Ngokwesibonelo, "ukukhathazeka, nesimangaliso, uthukuthele."

Isigaba ubuso

Lesi sigaba, okubhekisele ratio umuntu owenza lo msebenzi inqubo, futhi nguye oshoyo kuwo. Kukhona amafomu ezintathu tento umuntu umusho.

• Isenzo ngendlela yokuba kukhulume elisebunyeni isetshenziswa uma inqubo yenziwa isikhulumi.
• Isenzo e umuntu ubuningi lokuqala isetshenziswa uma inqubo kwenziwa ukukhuluma, futhi omunye umuntu.
• Tento umuntu wesibili elisebunyeni isetshenziswa uma inqubo yenziwa ngenye inhlangano.
• Esikhathini yesibili umuntu ubuningi isetshenziswa uma inqubo wenziwa interlocutor futhi omunye umuntu.
• umuntu Okwesithathu elisebunyeni isetshenziswa uma inqubo Kwenziwa yini umuntu ongenazo iqhaza engxoxweni.
• Wesithathu umuntu ubuningi isetshenziswa uma inqubo Kwenziwa yini umuntu ongenazo iqhaza inkhulumomphendvulwano, nezinye ubuntu ngale inkhulumomphendvulwano ezithile.

uhlobo isigaba kanye nenombolo

Ngohlobo Lomuntu Okufanele Ube isigaba esenzweni libhekisela zebizo noma isabizwana, okungukuthi ubudala babo. Uma umuntu / inhlangano akulona uhlobo oluthile ukuma, sebenzisa uhlobo kungenzeka lebhizinisi. Ngokwesibonelo, ingabe "woza kusasa", "eqhweni eyayina."

inombolo Isigaba kubonisa njengobunengi bemiphefumulo ofeza inqubo. Ngokwesibonelo, "abafundi kudlalwa", "umfundi kudlalwa." Lesi sigaba sisebenza kuzo zonke izinhlobo ngamazwi siqu.