Imali Russian: imali iphepha kanye zemali

imali Russian kwakungafanele ngokushesha nge ukuvela isimo Eastern lwamaSlav. uhlelo lezimpahla-imali endaweni ekuthuthukiseni ngempela kancane futhi kancane kancane. Lesi sihloko sizodingida umlando ukubukeka imali eRussia, inqubo kokushintsha indlela engibukeka zabo, ukuguquka zemali ihlelo, kanye nokuthuthukiswa ubudlelwane zomnotho kuleli zwe.

Imali yokuqala

Ekhulwini lesi-9, lapho isimo Russia usanda yabonakala amakhadi, imali insimu zawo zazilotshiwe befuna isikhumba marten, kamuva eyabizwa ngokuthi i-Coon. Enyakatho eRussia lezwakala omningi amahlathi kuhlale izilwane noboya-ebizwa, ezazingekho esikhathini woMbuso WaseByzantium, ngakho abathengisi WaseByzantium wathenga uboya kusuka Rus. Njengoba insimu ka isimo Russian lasendulo babengene zemali zegolide, ezizenzile nabizelwa zlatniki. Kamuva Kwakukhona zesiliva, kubalwa kusukela esiliva. Ukubukeka lwalezi zinhlamvu kwadingeka umbhaphathizo Rus esikhathini, lapho ukuhlobana kwemikhosi eByzantium futhi Rus waqinisa kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, singasho ukuthi imali isiRashiya, zemali, ngokukhethekile, babevela waseByzantium.

Qala kwehlukana

Le nkathi emlandweni zemali Russian ibizwa ngokuthi "coinless". Lapho Rus ahlukaniselwe 15 fiefdoms, wayeka minting zemali, ikakhulukazi wanyamalala umqondo uhlamvu olulodwa kwadingeka kwenani elifanayo ubukhulu ngamunye. Ngakho-ke, izazi-mlando zesizukulwane le nkathi, ngokuvamile kakhulu ukuthola bullion esiliva, ngaleso sikhathi esikhundleni uhlamvu lwemali.

Ukuvela zemali entsha

nokwehlukaniswa kwesikhathi kwadingeka lenqwaba nebubi, kodwa izinzuzo babebaningi. ubukhulu ngamunye efuna ukuthuthukisa isimo sazo sezomnotho namasiko, ngakho lesi sikhathi - ngisho mncintiswano okuphakade phakathi okuzokwenzeka. Ngokwesibonelo, e Novgorod ekhulwini le-13 zaqala Mint 1 ruble. Kwaba obuncane esiliva, enesisindo mayelana 200 amagremu okwakubekelwa sinqunyiwe enisemikhawulweni. Rouble ngaleso sikhathi zaqala ukwamukelwa ehlukana, kusukela uhlamvu lwemali uthole imali encane par. ubukhulu ngamunye kwakufanele imali ehluke ngokuphelele. Lokhu kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba hlanganisa them kusimo eyodwa.

Moscow Russia

Ekupheleni wokubusa Ivan 3, lapho esekushilo cishe eseqedile inqubo ubunye ubukhulu, imali Russian zabuye kubalwa ku isimiso esifanayo futhi uhlelo. Lokhu kwaqhubeka futhi phakathi nokubusa kwendodana ka-yakhe Basil 3. Kodwa lapho ibamba isikhathi ezincane Ivan 4 engunina Elena Glinskaya, wanquma ukuguqula isimiso malini isimo, ukwenza kube olulodwa, imiklamo isethi, okuyinto ezazenziwa zemali. Linani selilonkhe lebantfu labange 2 zemali, womabili ezazenziwa ngesiliva. On omunye wabo, eyayintula ihlelo ezincane, lapho wayechazwa indoda engokomfanekiso egibele ubambe inkemba. Ngakho, babizwa ngokuthi "Mechev". Ngakolunye zemali ukuthi kwadingeka izilinganiso ephakeme, zonke ukuboniswa umgibeli efanayo, kodwa isandla sakhe kwakukhona umkhonto. Lezi imali Russian babizwa ngokuthi "kopeynye". Tsar Fedor Ivanovich waba ngowokuqala wabhula idethi zemali.
1 ruble kancane kancane wanyamalala kwegazi. Nakuba igama elithi "i-ruble" lalisetshenziselwa, lezi zinhlamvu cishe non-akukho. Ngomqondo onabile, ngalesi sikhathi zemali kuleli zwe cishe kwakungekho ngisho nesenti nendima enkulu, ngakho-ke ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye 3.

Vasiliy Shuysky imithetho embalwa kuphela futhi iphathwe ukukhiqiza uhlamvu lokuqala zegolide, ezizenzile kuze kube yileso sikhathi kwaba cishe ngo isimo kanye nesikhathi lasungulwa.

Imperial Russia

1 Petru futhi wayefuna ukushintsha uhlelo yemali yezwe, waqala ukuveza ruble esiliva. Futhi esiliva baba akhiqiza ihlelo ezincane. Kodwa ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka embalwa kamuva, Catherine wanquma esikhundleni salezi 2 zemali ku lethusi, njengoba leli lizwe azange abe esiliva, kodwa, njengoba sazi, esiliva lungaphezu eqolo ngaphezu kwanoma ithusi, ngakho imali entsha Russian kukhona elikhulu kakhulu futhi kusinda kunakho owedlule. Ngakho, i-ruble waqala nesisindo esingaba amakhilogremu mayelana nengxenye. Ngo ukuma ke lalifana quadrilateral, amakhona lapho ayeveza elingenamikhono izingalo isimo. Futhi waqala ukuveza zemali futhi zenani eliyimali ephansi, kodwa ngemva kwesikhathi satholana base amiswe, njengoba yenza babe kubonakala kuphatheke kabuhlungu kakhulu osinda kangaka futhi omkhulu.

Daughter of Piotr 1, Elizabeth, bakhiqiza-uhlamvu lwemali eziyishumi, wayeselahlekelwe okuthiwa eyayinayo pyatirublovaya ngokuthi poluimperial.

Le nqubo yayikhona kuze kube sekupheleni yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye. Kodwa ke ayesekhona kwangena zemali zegolide, okuyinto eyaba lisisakhiwo of the ruble. Kodwa igolide wabizwa ngokuthi ngokwemibandela kuphela, nezinhlayiya ze-ensimbini eyigugu ezikuyo. Futhi baqhubeka kubalwa zesiliva, yasebukhosini kanye poluimperial.

imali yephepha

Daughter of Petru 1, Elizabeth, kwakuhileleke kunohlelo Minich, kusiza ukuthuthukisa isimo sezimali yezwe ngokusebenzisa ukwethulwa eziphansi iphepha imali ukuze kuthengwe metal njengoba kwakunjalo eYurophu. Kodwa ngo-Senate le phrojekthi ayizange yamukelwe.
Nokho, uCatherine II, owayazi ukuthi u-oda aseYurophu, futhi izindlela zokonga, unqume ukwenza le ukusikisela okungokoqobo. Futhi sixties ngasekupheleni kwekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili, yona ikhiphe imali entsha Russian e namahlelo 100, 75, 50 no-25 ruble. Abantu baqala imali zethusi ungakhululekile kulezi, lokhu amabhange amasha avuleka.

Lezinhlobo izikweletu nabizelwa imali yamaphepha. Kodwa baqala kancane kancane depreciate, kusukela inombolo yabo ikhula njalo ngonyaka.

imali USSR

Phakathi kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala waqala kumagazini ka imali yephepha ukusuka kwegazi wanyamalala ngisho izinhlamvu zemali zethusi. Futhi, imali sekulula kakhulu ukukopisha, kuleli zwe kwakukhona abakhwabanisi.

Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-eko waqala ukukhipha imali yamaphepha e namahlelo 5 futhi inkulungwane 10, kanye nemali encane akwanele ukushintshashintsha izikweletu ezinkulu kwaba lutho. Khona-ke, uhulumeni wanquma ukungabe ayifake kwegazi washintsha uphawu, okufakazela ubuqiniso isitembu ekhethekile. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, imali waqala depreciate.
Kusukela eko uhlelo yemali waqala ukuqinisa, iyunithi entsha - ducat. Nickel zemali kwethulwa.

Ngo-1961, izinguquko yemali kwenziwa, elibuye anda amandla wokuthenga we-ruble.

Russia yesimanje

Kusukela ngo-1990 kuya kabusha okwamanje okuqhubekayo ohlelweni malini isimo yesimanje. Kodwa singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi imali IsiRashiya sinamagama ukufana okukhulu nge imali izikhathi Imperial Russia.