I-tuberose: ukutshala nokukhathalela emhlabathini ovulekile, izici zokulima kanye nezincomo

I-Tuberose, noma i-polyanthesis isifo sofuba, isitshalo esasingesize esabizwa ngokuthi "indlovukazi yobusuku", ngoba ngesikhathi sokuhlwa kusihlwa iphunga layo elidakayo liba yinhloko engadini. Lokhu kunuka phezu kweminyaka eyishumi edlule kuye kwaba omunye wemikhiqizo eminingi futhi isetshenziswe kakhulu ekungcoleni. Kuyothakazelisa kunoma yimuphi umlimi wensimu ukukhulisa i-tuberose ekhaya lakhe, ukutshala nokukhathalela emhlabathini ovulekile ngaphesheya lapho kungenzeka khona uma imithetho ethile ibonakala.

Umsuka nencazelo yembali

Umhlaba wezwe waseMexico, lapho wawubuyiswa khona ngekhulu le-16, incazelo yokuqala ye-tuberose yenziwa ngaleso sikhathi. I-Polyantes (i-Greek "imbali ekhanyayo") ingokomndeni omncane we-agave umndeni we-asparagus, unenani lezinhlobo ezingu-13.

Ukuthandwa kakhulu kwe-tuberose kwatholakala ngekhulu le-19, lapho kungabalimi kuphela, kodwa futhi nezimbongi zazidumisa emisebenzini yazo. Manje le mbali ibhekene nokuzalwa kabusha kwayo, kumanga wonke umuntu onomusa wayo kanye nephunga elimnandi. I-extract ebiza kakhulu, etholakala ezimbali zayo, isetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwemimoya yezinkampani ezidumile emhlabeni "Gucci" no "Dior", namafutha abalulekile nezinti ezimnandi.

Lesi sitshalo sihlala isikhathi eside, sibe ne-tuber anyanisi esisekelweni sesimiso esinamandla kanye namaqabunga amaningana ase-basal aqoqwe kwi-rosette. Ukuphakama kwe-stem omdala kungafinyelela ku-50-100 cm, futhi kushiya ama-30-40 cm.

ERussia polyantes ezindaweni ezivulekile zisetshenziswa ezindaweni eziseningizimu (eCrimea, eKrasnodar Territory). Kodwa-ke, ezindaweni eziphakathi, kuhlanganise nasemadolobhaneni, abalimi be-amateur bahlanganyela ngempumelelo ekulimeni kwawo.

I-tuberose ikhiqiza ikakhulukazi izilimo eziyizigaxa, ukuphila okuyiminyaka emibili: isitshalo sokuqala kufanele sikhule kahle futhi sithole amaqabunga namahlumela, kanti ngonyaka wesibili ukuqala kwezimbali kuqala, emva kwalokho umama we-tuber uyafa, kodwa unikeza impilo kubuningi bezingane.

Izimbali

Isikhathi sokuqhakaza siqala ngoJulayi futhi siqhubeka kuze kube ngu-Okthoba. Izimbali, ezitholakala phezulu ngendlela yendlebe nge-inflorescences eziningi (kuze kube yizicucu ezingu-30), zine-lox enamandla kakhulu. Ubukhulu bezimbali buyi-5-6 cm ubude no-3-4 cm ububanzi. Lapho uvula amaqabunga, akhipha iphunga elimnandi kakhulu elinamandla. Emakhulwini eminyaka ambalwa, ngenxa yokukhethwa, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kanye nemibala yemibala kuboniswa: i-terry, i-pink, iphuzi, i-purple, i-salmon ne-lilac.

Izimbali ngesitshalo esisodwa ziqala ukuqhakaza kusukela phansi kwe-peduncle. I-tuberose, ukutshala nokunakekelwa emhlabathini ovulekile ngemuva kokuthi kwenziwe kahle, ihluma cishe amasonto amathathu, igcina ukubukeka okuhle nokuhlobisa. Uma izimbali zinqunywe, bese zihamba ngezimbali ezingaba amasonto amabili, futhi uma uneza uviniga emanzini nangaphezulu. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza ibhokisi elinembewu eqondile yenziwa.

Tuberose: incazelo yokukhiqiza, ukunakekelwa

Ukwenziwa kabusha kwe-tuberose kungenzeka ngezindlela ezimbili: ngosizo lwembewu nendodakazi yezilimo eziyizigaxa. Indlela esebenzisa kabanzi kakhulu ukuphindaphinda ngokuhlukanisa nezilimo eziyizigaxa. Ekupheleni kwenkathi ezungeze i-tuber yama-mother, ama-10-20 ama-baby awakhiwa, okwathi ngemva kokufinyelela usayizi we-2 cm angakhuliwa ngokwahlukana.

Ama-bulbs kufanele avuzwe ngemuva kokuba lesi sitshalo sibune ukuwa, ngemva kwalokho kumele sisuswe emhlabathini futhi siphathwe ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate kusuka kubhaktheriya. Zigcine kuze kufike entwasahlobo kungcono ekamelweni elipholile ngo-10-15 ° C, ufake ingxenyana yenhlanganisela ye-sawdust eyomile nesihlabathi.

Ama-noodle angcono kakhulu ngaphambi kokutshala ngoFebhuwari, ufake i-peat noma ingxube ye-humus, i-turf nesihlabathi emabhokisini akhethekile wezithombo kuya ku-3 cm ejulile, eshiya isihloko saso phezulu. Ukwehla kuthatha isikhathi esithile: amahlumela avela emva kwamasonto 3-4 kuphela, amabhokisi abekwe endaweni ekhanyayo futhi efudumele futhi aphuziswa kahle njalo.

Ukuze ukhule ngempumelelo nge-tuberose, ukutshala nokunakekelwa kubalulekile. Emhlabathini ovulekile, ama-nodules angatshala kuphela lapho kusongelwa ama-frosts entwasahlobo ne-frost passes, kanti izinga lokushisa lomoya liyoba okungenani ngo-10 ° C. I-tuberose ikhetha inhlabathi elula nokuphuza okuhle. Ngaphambi kokutshala, kungcono ukwengeza umquba noma ama-humus emhlabathini.

Ibanga eliphakathi kokutshala liyi-25 cm, ukuze kube khona indawo eyanele yokwakheka kwezingane ezintsha futhi wonke umuntu unokudla okwanele. Lapho izingane zitshalwe, ibanga lezikhulu liyi-15 cm, ezincane ezincane ezingaba ngu-10 cm, ukujula kokungena kuyi-2-3 cm.

Ukunakekela izitshalo

Kubaluleke kakhulu emva kokutshala i-tuberose futhi uma ushiya emhlabathini ovulekile ukuqinisekisa izimo ezifanele zokukhula okuhle nokuchichima okuningi:

• I-Polyanthesis isitshalo esine-thermophilic futhi sithanda inhlabathi enomswakama, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuyiphuza njalo ngamanzi afudumele, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhlabathi ayimile, futhi umswakama awuqoqi, ngoba izimpande zingase zibole;
• Ngemuva kokunisela ngamunye kukhululeka futhi uqiniseke ukuthi phezulu kwe-tuber akuwa phansi;

• Kubalulekile ukubhubhisa njalo ukhula oluzungeze izitshalo ezitshaliwe;
• Ukondla, kusetshenziselwa izixube eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokucabangela ukuthi lesi sitshalo asithandi i-nitrogen engaphezulu; Okukhethwa kukho ukusebenzisa umquba ophilayo izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngezikhathi ezithile: ngokushesha emva kokuba izilimo eziyizigaxa zitshalwe ngaphambi kokuba izimbali ziqale;
• Ungavumeli ukuqina kwezitshalo ezitshaliwe, ngoba i-polyanthes inenkululeko enkulu-inothando;
• Ngemuva kokuphela kwezimbali (ekupheleni kukaSeptemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba), ukuchelela kufanele kumiswe, kanti izilimo eziyizigaxa zisala ukuvuthwa kuze kufike ukupholisa;
• Ukumba isidleke ngama-nodule ngo-Okthoba ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa.

Izincomo kanye nezici zokunakekelwa

Kunezimiso eziningana ezizosiza ukusheshisa ukuvela kwamanqamuzana ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila kwezitshalo.

Izici zokunakekelwa nokutshala i-tuberose:

• Izinsana ze-tuber zingahlukaniswa ne-bulb enkulu kakade ehlobo, zitshalwe ngokuhlukile, ezizovumela ukukhulisa izinto ezilungiselelwe ngekwindla, ezizokwazi ukukhula ngonyaka ozayo;
• Ekwindla isitshalo esivele sesiqhamuka singafakwa endaweni embizeni bese sibeka endaweni yokushisa noma ku-veranda efudumele inyanga kuze kube yilapho sonke isiqu siphenduka somile futhi siphuzi, kuphela lapho izingane ezivuthiwe zigciniwe futhi zigcinwe ukugcinwa;
• Ngentwasahlobo kunconywa ukutshala izingane kuphela ngokwehlukana, ukuhlukanisa ne-bulb ye-mama, ngaphandle kwalokho zizophuza ukukhula kwayo.

Izifo nezinambuzane

I-tuberose, ukutshala nokunakekelwa emhlabathini ovulekile, okwenziwa ngokuvumelana nemithetho, ngokuvamile ayithinteki yizifo, kodwa izinambuzane ziyesabisa iphunga elibukhali lezimbali. Nokho, ngezikhathi ezithile kunezifo zokuhlaselwa yizilokazane (izinambuzane ze-spider, i-aphid), ukunqotshwa yi-gray grey. Uma kunezinye izibonakaliso zesifo (amabala amnyama emaqabunga, njll), isitshalo kufanele siphathwe nge-fungicides.

Ngentwasahlobo, kufanele ivikelwe ezibhebheni ze-teddy ezifuna ukumba izilimo eziyizigaxa ezitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile.

Isicelo se-tuberose ku-landscape design

Isitshalo esinjalo sokumunuka nesinhlobonhlobo siyoba umhlobiso wensimu yembali, lapho ingahlanganiswa nezinye izimbali eziningi. Omakhelwane abahle yi-gladioli, enesimo esifanayo esifanayo. I-Tuberose ivame ukuqhakaza kancane kancane bese iba abahluleli ku-gladioli, inikeze izimbali eziqhubekayo ku-flowerbed.

I-Polyantes ine-stalk-tsvetonos ephakeme ngokwanele, ngoba phambi kwayo ungatshala izimbali ezincane ezikhulayo noma izitshalo eziqhamukayo.

Ukuhlobisa ama-balconi kanye ne-loggias, izimbiza ezine-tuberose zisetshenziselwa ukuthakazelisa ubuhle nobuhle bazo isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, akunconywa ukuba ushiye ekamelweni elincane elimnandi, ngoba iphunga elimnandi lingathinta abantu abanokukhubazeka.