I-Republic of Nauru. Isimo ngaphandle capital. Izikhangibavakashi, ukuzijabulisa

Umhlaba enhle, ongaqondakali futhi bakwazi kusimangaze nsuku zonke. Ngokwesibonelo, bambalwa kakhulu abantu bazi ukuthi emhlabeni kukhona imfundo yomphakathi kancane-wafunda, walahlekelwa phakathi expanses enkulukazi ePacific Ocean - republic emhlabeni ezincane kunazo zonke Nauru: ekhadini wakhe ngeke zonke lover lwesifundo.

indawo

Kulabo abafisa zama - isu: engxenyeni esentshonalanga ye-Oceania. I amancane kulesi siqhingi zwe uthatha igama efanayo "umxhwele" usayizi - kuka 21 amakhilomitha square kancane. Lena 75 (!) Times ezincane kuno endaweni London! Akumangalisi-ke ukuthi into efana inhlokodolobha Nauru alikho - siqhingi umane ihlukaniswe ngezigodi, kanti zonke ibingaba eyesikhashana ngempela.

Lena isiqhingi ejwayelekile coral, phezu izigidi zeminyaka, ngivuka evela ekujuleni. Kutholakele ngenxa isikhathi eside, Republic of Nauru kumephu ifana okusaqanda ngokulinganisela side (4 km ububanzi futhi 6 km ubude) lapho yakhiwa ohlangothini - kuba Anibare Bay (i-East Coast).

Atoll sizungezwe izixhobo zamakhorali - at tide ongaphakeme ke edalulwa, bese ungakwazi sibheke imishini lempi wokuQala nowesiBili Umhlaba, okuyinto enenkinga inhlekelele lapha. Insimu ugxile flat - ithafa budebuduze ngenhla ogwini.

Kuze kube manje, esiqhingini Nauru kunqoba kolwandle nge-avareji ka-30-40 amamitha. Uma izibikezelo ophambene kwemvelo mayelana ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke zigcwaliseka, iningi kuzoba ngaphansi kwamanzi - phezu ngeke kuphela iphuzu esiphezulu lesi siqhingi (ngokusho emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, okungenani 60 namamitha bengekho ngaphezu kwama-71).

Imininingwane zomlando

Ngu uqobo, esiqhingini Nauru ingafingqwa kwelinye izwi lesifinyetiwe: ukuhlupheka. Umlando nezwe elincane ubonisa ngokucacile ibanganyana kanjani phakathi engenangqondo ezibuhlungu.

Abantu baqala ukuhlala lapha esikhathini sasendulo: ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 3 edlule. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi lokho kwakuyindlela uhlanga yasendulo okuyinto kamuva yaba basePolynesia futhi Micronesians.

Ngesikhathi lapho lesi siqhingi wathola induna umkhumbi isiNgisi, D.Firn (1798), ke lalihlala izizwe ezingu-12, lapho kwadingeka umqondo kancane kakhulu wekuba sive. Nauruans inhlanzi + esemanzini ezizungezile, kutshalwa omunye zinhlobo ayo (Milkfish) emanzini maphakathi nezwe (endaweni kukhona ichibi elibizwa ngokuthi Buada), ukhukhunathi esekhulile futhi pandanus futhi ngandlela-thile wakwazi ngaphandle impucuko.

Firn eyiNgisi, ngaphandle kokubuza umbono lalolo hlanga, isiqhingi okuthiwa "mnandi" futhi becabanga ukuthi eNew Zealand, ekuqaleni uyaphi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi waqala nosizi abomdabu: esizayo weRiphabhulikhi Nauru yabekwa a ukuhlaselwa "okuqhubekayo" cishe njalo. Ukuze uqalise esiqhingini kwakukhona abaseYurophu nabo - imimoya. Bendzawo uqalile ukuthuthukisa ngokushesha okukhulu, "izipho impucuko." Ingxenye - lithi wanqunywa, abanye ukuba abulalane internecine izimpi, umuntu ejwayelene izifo ezintsha (kuhlanganise ngocansi ..).

isilawuli yangaphandle

Njengoba leli zwe elincanyana akanayo izinsiza ukuze bazivikele, "abantu ezimhlophe ezinhle" wamthatha ngaphansi sephiko lalo. Ezimweni Okokuqala zabomdabu wahlanganyela eNgilandi, ngo-1888 abaseBrithani basithatha lesi siqhingi amaJalimane udlubulunda, owamnika ukuphathwa inkampani Dzhaluitskoy.

Nokho, ngokuvamile, akekho wayenesithakazelo ngokukhethekile Nauru - emithi yesundu + ngakho ukudoba yoqobo izinyoni aqeqeshiwe akakuthandanga kakhulu yi-oshaka ibhizinisi elikhulu.

Isimo sashintsha ngokuphelele lapho esiqhingini wathola ezifakwa ocebile phosphate rock - abathiwa kwadingeka indaba yakhe nethonya juqu. Lapho kuba sobala ukuthi kukhona okuthile ukwenza imali, adingekayo ukuze ngokushesha zilawule Nauru: isimo akakwazi ukusizakala ubuthakathaka bomuntu, ungalokothi babe hegemon emhlabeni. Ngo-1906, ubunjalo esiqhingini waqala ehlelekile abhidlizwa ngesikhathi izimayini.

Lesi siqhingi - isosha nezimpi ezimbili

Lapho kufika Okokuqala Umhlaba, ucezu amnandi, igcwele amaminerali, singathanda uthole eziningi, kodwa okokuqala kuya Australia (kancane ngaphambi amaJapane, ngubani nje efika emva kwakhe, kodwa kwase kwephuze kakhulu). Ngakho ikusasa Republic of Nauru uye wahlanganyela impi yembulunga yonke, imiphumela okuyinto yanikwa Yezizwe "ngaphansi iphiko" Great Britain, e-Australia naseNew Zealand - labo okwakulindeleke ukuba ukulawula esiqhingini ndawonye, kodwa iningi lazo imisebenzi kucatshangwa Australia.

ukuthuthukiswa ezidla izidubedube kwaba ngawo ugcwaliseka ngokugcwele, futhi abanikazi ngokwabo perepadalo kwemithombo yemvelo iyivela kancane. Abomdabu aqhubeka izidingo khona lulwimi ophucukile, nzima isizinda asebenzayo edwaleni phosphate, bese empini futhi kwagqashuka.

Ekuqaleni amaJalimane inqwaba siqhingi, kodwa kwaba namanje okubi. Inkathazo baqhamuka Japanese, abaye kwenziwe iphupho elifanayo ubudala futhi athumba Nauru ngo-1942.

Ukudalula unya abanqobi: akwaziwa ukuthi kungani, kodwa badingiselwa 1.2 ayizinkulungwane yezakhamuzi zendawo eziqhingini Chuuk, lapho cishe ingxenye yazo yashona .. Kuphela ngo-1946 Nauruans abasinda bakwazi ukuphindela ezweni lakubo.

Umzabalazo evilaphayo sokuzibusa

Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, ngo-1946, wayala ukuba zinde iNhlangano Yezizwe. I kwaphumela UN yokutholwa yonke insimu yalo elizibusa ngaphansi sephiko lalo. Amazwe-ababheki siqhingi, manje Republic of Nauru, okufanayo ziye eyabizwa ngokuthi ngaphambi - nokuphila waqhubeka njengenjwayelo.

I isifiso sokuthola inkululeko yokuzibusa, kunezilwane abomdabu waqala ukubonisa in the 50s. Kwakheka ku-1927, uMkhandlu Chiefs yaguqulwa kamaziphathe wasekhaya, okuyinto wayenalo ilungelo lokwenza i ivoti sokweluleka ngesikhathi Uhulumeni owawubusa leli koloni. Ayingcosana, kodwa "ngisho kancane kancane, isipuni - kuhle lokho."

Ngo-1966 Nauruans unemvume yakha Isigungu esiphezulu kanye nabasebenzi Legislative Council, futhi ngo-1968 - imemezele ukuzimela. Akekho ikakhulukazi umhlola.

ingcebo crazy

Bese yaqala ezinsukwini ezingu uyabajabulela bendawo: isizinda idwala phosphate yayingaphansi kokulawula of Nauru - State wathatha okusheshayo ukuceba (kanye netakhamiti talo). Kuwebhu ulibhekise ogwadule indaba funny mayelana nendlela isikhulu samaphoyisa endaweni engenabantu kulesi siqhingi wathenga Lamborghini kuphela ukufakazela ukuthi ngeke esifanelana kuwo (ngokusobala, ngisho Oceania ngokuqondene nomsebenzi zemizimba komthetho kumele kube ngempela ezondlekile).

Akwaziwa ukuthi lokhu kuyiqiniso we ibhayisikili, kodwa abomdabu ngempela hhayi kakhulu kahle ngokufanele eliwele phansi kubo umcebo. Ayikho imizamo ecacile ehlukahlukene uhulumeni akazange athathe imali, okuyiwona wakhokha.

Ukuwa amathemba

Maka Nauru limelela iphaneli blue ihlukaniswe nendawo ophuzi umugqa. Ezansi - uhlobo shining inkanyezi emhlophe, okuyinto ekupheleni kwekhulu XX kwancipha. Mineral izinqolobane mpilo phosphorite, kwavele akukho okunye ukwenza izakhamuzi zakulesi siqhingi ziye hhayi wafunda: kanye nokuDoba Ngenduku, ukuthunga, nezolimo, kanye emkhakheni wemisebenzi abekade beseyizinsana.

Melbourne kuwufanele phezulu ukuthi uma ingeyamakhosi esiqhingini ezineshwa. Ngo-2004, ifulege Nauru, nge Spire yayo okwadingeka zisuswe - uhulumeni waphoqeleka ukuba adayise isakhiwo ukubuyela ingxenye yesikweletu esikhulu yomphakathi. Zabulawa ezehlela namanye amafa amaningi (ngokuyinhloko - Abadayisi bezindlu). Lwathi luphela enkulungwaneni, kwaba sobala ukuthi Nauru - ungeke uzithole usuwile.

Ukuzama ngcono izimali ngokudala izoni sogu lolwandle kuhlulekile - komphakathi weentjhabatjhaba oholwa United States wayecabanga ukuthi ngeke sikubekezelele iphrojekthi lendawo ku zemali Lokudabuka ezingabazisayo - ngaphansi ukucindezela amandla anjalo ihlonishwe kwadingeka umbono lokuthola kalula imali ukunikeza.

eziyimbangela

Ezama ukuthola imali kulezi ziqhingi abayeki lutho: ngezilimi okubi bathi Russia ukhokhele Nauru kulelo neyaziwayo Abkhazia naseNingizimu Ossetia. Hola abantu bakulezi ziqhingi futhi ukuhweba zezombusazwe, kulinganisa phakathi China ne-Taiwan.

States ukuthi bekwi-1986, kwesibili ngo-izwe ngokwalo GDP lengenako, "washelela 'phezu th 160 ngo-2014, kodwa Into embi kakhulu wukuthi isimo siyaqhubeka siba sibi.

Democratic esiqhingini iyunithi limelela ephalamende ehlanganisa 'kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka "Amalungu ePhalamende 18. Itholakala Yesifunda Yaren - lena uhlobo "inhlokodolobha Nauru", unikezwa ukuthi iningi amahhovisi kahulumeni eseduze. Ngokwezombangazwe izakhamuzi kakhulu (acishe) ziyasebenza :. amaqembu amathathu ezepolitiki ku eziyinkulungwane 10 labantu - isibalo umxhwele futhi ngesikhathi izibhelu ezazingase baphelezela ngokhetho ngo-2003, abantu bakulezi ziqhingi nisishisile yokuhlala kwamandla kanye emasontweni ambalwa kwesokunxele ngaphandle ukuxhumana nezwe elingaphandle.

"UMfoweth Big" Nauru

Namuhla Republic of Nauru ekes out khona kunalokho dabukisa uzama uthole nganoma iyiphi indlela. Umthombo oyinhloko wemali - ukheshe ukumnika kusuka Australia.

Ekuqaleni abantu bakulezi ziqhingi bafaka iminyaka yakhe eminingi "umnakekeli" enkantolo - waxosha isinxephezelo efanayo for the isizinda okuzingela elidumile idwala-phosphate. Manje izwekazi elichumayo okhokhela Nauru ababaleki ibamba befuna ukuthola injabulo ngaphansi esiluhlaza Australia. Eminye imithombo usola ukuthi laba bantu - nje kakhulu abantu balapha, ngubani ukukhokhela ukuba ahlale esiqhinganeni sakubo futhi akazange afune.

Ukuxhumana Australia ngokuvamile unamandla kakhulu - kuze kube sezingeni lokuba ukuthi lenkantolo ephakeme Nauru kubhekwa ukuba iNkantolo Ephakeme yase-Australia.

amathemba Island

Yenza imizamo yabo ungazange yimpumelelo. Kungaba kungenzeka ukudoba - the olwandle amakhilomitha amabili nje esiqhingini ukujula elingamamitha angaphezu kuka-1,000, kodwa ethekwini Nauru "bhalisiwe" izikebhe zokudoba kuphela ezimbili. Ezolimo ngokuyinhloko bakwazi ukukhonza kuphela labantu wezwe. Izinto ezimbi, uhambise amanzi okuphuza - amayunithi ekhethekile lapho desalted amanzi, ngokuvamile engenzi lutho ngenxa izikweletu ugesi.

Ukuvakasha, futhi, kwezokunyathelisa: Amaholide e Nauru akuyona lithandwa kakhulu, njengoba e-Oceania zikhona izindawo ezithakazelisayo kakhulu, kulokho umbono, Nokho ubheka. ukunambitheka Local eminyakeni, "Ukubambisana eduze" nge baseYurophu walahlekelwa kakhulu. Amasiko aye ukhohliwe, noma yimaphi amasayithi noma izikhumbuzo lasendulo, futhi, washiya.

Nauru njengoba indawo yokugoba amadlangala

Ngisho Nauru sezulu - novivinyo ngoba baseYurophu: njengoba lesi siqhingi cishe ku yenkabazwe (42 km eningizimu), kukhona ezinomswakama kakhulu futhi hot. Summer - nesomiso, ukushisa ngaphansi 40 degrees emini, ebusuku kube lehla "okuningi" kuya ku-30 - akukho air conditioning lapha ngokuvamile akukho okusindayo. umsebenzi ilanga kangangokuthi ungafaka ngisho emanzini. Basengozini yokuthi uma lina, ngaphandle ukuthi kushisa, namanje futhi manzi - ngokuvamile, isimo sezulu for everybody.

Kodwa into ezidabukisayo - kungcono isimo kwemvelo. Kwacishe kwaphela ikhulu leminyaka kwemayini phosphate cishe yonke indawo kulesi siqhingi (90%) wayonakalisiwe - iqeda bancishwa inhlabathi ziphenduka okuthiwa .. "Lunar landscape", okuyinto kwemvelo okwesabisa iplanethi. Njengoba kungekho muntu onendaba ngokubuyiselwa ngokusimama kwezinsiza zemvelo, cishe yonke indawo - butholakala enqubweni eyinkimbinkimbi yokuthela ezimayini, amawa, yinqwaba imfucuza rock - nazi ukubuka indawo ekhangayo. Nauru engakutholi ukhathele ukucela imali uhlelo ukubuyisela semvelo. I-UN, lapho isimo abasha amancane wafika ngo-1999, ezama ngazo zonke izindlela ukuthi babambe iqhaza. Nokho, Kuze kube manje, kwahluleka ukufeza zempumelelo.

Ngokuvamile, e Nauru, izinkambo lapho zingekho uyahlanya ukufunwa yalezi zizathu, cishe ukuzijabulisa - ukudoba olwandle Umhlahlandlela wendawo. Abalandeli bathi kungcono pretty cool. Ungakwazi ukuntweza dive futhi - ukucwiliswa elula olwenziwa Bay Anibare. Kusukela ezikhathini inhlalakahle wangaphambili wahlala amachibi nezinkantolo ithenisi.