I-Hyper-Threading - iyini? Ungamnika amandla kanjani i-Hyper-Threading?

Abacwaningi abaningi be-Intel bafaka amamojula ngokusekela kwe-Hyper-Threading Technology, okuyinto, ngokwemibono yabathuthukisi, kufanele ikhulise ukusebenza kwe chip futhi ijubhise i-PC yonke. Iyini inkinga yalesi sinqumo esivela enkampanini yaseMelika? Ngingayisebenzisa kanjani i-Hyper-Threading?

Ulwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana nobuchwepheshe

Cabanga ngolwazi olubalulekile mayelana ne-Hyper-Threading. Iyini lobu buchwepheshe? Yasungulwa yi-Intel futhi yanikezwa emphakathini ngo-2001 okokuqala ngqa. Inhloso yendalo yayo yandisa ukwenziwa kwamaseva. Isimiso esiyinhloko esenziwa ku-Hyper-Threading yisabelo sezinqubo zokucubungula izintambo eziningana. Futhi lokhu kungenzeka, ngisho noma ingqikithi eyodwa kuphela efakwe kuhlobo oluthile lwe-chip (uma kunjalo, uma kunezinhlobo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu, futhi izintambo ezisemseshini zisakazwa kakade, ubuchwepheshe buqedile ngempumelelo le ndlela).

Ukusebenza kwe-microcircuit esemqoka ye-PC ngaphakathi kohlaka lokugeleza eziningana kunikezwa ngokudala amakhophi ezombusazwe ngesikhathi sokubala. Lokhu kuhilela isethi efanayo yemithombo kwi-chip. Uma ngabe isicelo sisebenzisa amandla afanelekile, imisebenzi esebenzayo ebonakalayo isenziwa ngokushesha kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obubuzwayo busekelwa uhlelo lokufaka / lokukhipha ikhompyutha, i-BIOS.

Ukunika amandla i-Hyper-Threading

Uma iprosesa efakwe kwi-PC isekela izinga elihambelana nalo, ke, njengombuso, ivuliwe ngokuzenzakalelayo. Kodwa kwezinye izimo, kufanele wenze ngesandla ukwenza izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze uthole ubuchwepheshe be-Hyper-Threading. Ngikwazi kanjani ukukunika amandla? Kulula kakhulu.

Kufanele ufake isikhombimsebenzisi esibalulekile se-BIOS. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ekuqaleni kokuqala kwekhompiyutha, udinga ukucindezela i-DEL, ngezinye izikhathi F2, F10, kaningi kancane kwezinye izihluthulelo, kodwa okudingekayo kuhlale kuvela eminye yemizila yombhalo ekhonjisiwe esikrinini ngokushesha ngemuva kokuba i-PC ivaliwe. Esikhathini esibonakalayo se-BIOS, udinga ukuthola i-Hyper-Threading: ekuhumusweni kwayo kwesistimu ye-I / O, ivame ukutholakala endaweni evelele. Ngemuva kokukhetha okukhethwa kukho okufanele, kufanele ucindezele u-Enter uphinde uyisebenzise, ukuwuphawu njengoba unikeziwe. Uma le medi isivele isethiwe, i-Hyper-Threading Technology isebenza. Ungasebenzisa zonke izinzuzo zayo. Ngemuva kokuthi kusebenze ubuchwepheshe kuzilungiselelo, kufanele ulondoloze konke okufakwayo ku-BIOS ngokukhetha into Yokusetha nokuphuma kwe-Exit. Ngemuva kwalokho, ikhompyutha izoqala kabusha imodi lapho iprosesa isebenza ngokusekela kwe-Hyper-Theading. Ngokufanayo, ukukhubaza i-Hyper-Threading. Ukuze wenze lokhu, khetha enye inketho kwinto ehambelanayo - Khutshaziwe bese ulondoloza izilungiselelo.

Njengoba ufunde ukunika amandla i-Hyper-Threading nokuvimbela lobu buchwepheshe, ake sicabangele izici zayo ngokuningiliziwe.

I-Hyper Threading Processors esekelweyo

Iprosesa yokuqala lapho umqondo wenkampani yaqaphela khona, ngokusho kolwazi oluthile - I-Intel Xeon MP, owaziwa nangokuthi i-Foster MP. Le chip inqwaba yezingxenye zokwakha ifana nePentium 4, eyayiqaphela kamuva ubuchwepheshe obubucayi. Ngemuva kwalokho, umsebenzi wekhompuyutha ehlanganisiwe yenziwa kuma-processors we-Xeon server ne-Prestonia core.

Uma sikhuluma ngokusakazeka kwamanje kwe-Hyper-Threading - yikuphi "i-protsy" ekusekelayo? Phakathi kwama-microcircuti ethandwa kakhulu kulolu hlobo yilokho okomndeni wakwaCore no-Xeon. Futhi kukhona ulwazi ukuthi izilungiswa ezifanayo zenziwa ku-processors njenge-Itanium ne-Atom.

Ngemva kokufunda ulwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana ne-Hyper-Threading, abaproseshi ngenkxaso yayo, sizocabangisisa amaqiniso aphawulekayo ahlobene nomlando wokuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe.

Umlando wezokuthuthukiswa

Njengoba sibonile ngenhla, i-Intel ibonise umqondo owubuzwa emphakathini ngo-2001. Kodwa izinyathelo zokuqala ekudaleni ubuchwepheshe zenziwa ekuqaleni kwawo-90. Izinjini zenkampani yaseMelika ziye zaqaphela ukuthi izinsiza zabacwaningi bePC azisebenzi ngokugcwele ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi.

Njengoba kubalwa yizintatheli ze-Intel, phakathi nomsebenzi womsebenzisi ku-PC, i-chip ngaphakathi kwesikhathi esivamile - cishe ingxenye enkulu yesikhathi - ayisebenzi kakhulu - cishe ngo-30%. Imibono yocwaningi ngalesi sibalo ihluke kakhulu - abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi kucatshangwa ngokucacile, abanye - bayavumelana ngempela nemibono yabathuthukisi baseMelika.

Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe abaningi be-IT bavuma ukuthi, nakuba kungenalo i-70% yomthamo weprosesa ongenalutho, kodwa inani elibaluleke kakhulu.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wabathuthukisi

I-Intel yanquma ukulungisa lesi simo ngenxa yenqubo entsha yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwe-PC chips enkulu. Kuhlongozwa ukwakha ubuchwepheshe obungasiza ekusebenziseni ngokugcwele amandla amaphrosesa. Ngo-1996, ochwepheshe be-Intel baqala ukuthuthukiswa okuwusizo.

Ngokomqondo we-American corporation, iprosesa, ukucubungula idatha kusuka ohlelweni olulodwa, ingabonisa izinsiza ezingenalutho ukusebenza nomunye uhlelo lokusebenza (noma ingxenye yalokho okwamanje, kodwa ibe nesakhiwo esihlukile futhi sidinga ukusebenzisa izinsiza ezengeziwe). I-algorithm ehambelanayo iphinde ithathe ukuxhumana okusebenzayo nezinye izingxenye ze-hardware ze-PC-RAM, i-chipset, kanye nezinhlelo.

I-Intel yakwazi ukuxazulula lo msebenzi. Ekuqaleni, ubuchwepheshe bubizwa ngokuthi uWillamette. Ngo-1999, yafakwa ekwakhiweni kwamaprosesa athile, futhi ukuhlolwa kwaqala. Ngokushesha ubuchwepheshe buthola igama lesimanje - Hyper-Threading. Kwakuyiqiniso ngempela - ukuhlelwa kabusha kwe-branding noma ukulungiswa kwekhadinali esiteshini, kunzima ukusho. Amaqiniso engeziwe mayelana nokuvela kobuchwepheshe emphakathini kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo kumamodeli ahlukahlukene we-Intel Processors, sesivele saziwa. Phakathi kwamagama avamile yentuthuko namuhla yi-Hyper-Threading Technology.

Izimo zokuhambisana nobuchwepheshe

Ukusekelwa kobuchwepheshe be-Hyper-Threading kusetshenziswa kanjani ezinhlelweni zokusebenza? Kungaphawulwa ukuthi uma kungumbuzo wezinguqulo zesimanje ze-Windows, ke azikho izinkinga ngeqiniso lokuthi umsebenzisi usebenzisa ngokugcwele izinzuzo ze-Intel Hyper-Threading Technology, ngeke avuke. Yiqiniso, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ubuchwepheshe busekelwa uhlelo lokufaka-okukhipha, njengoba sishilo ngenhla.

Izisetshenziswa ze-Software ne-hardware

Ngokuphathelene nezinguqulo zakudala ze-OS - i-Windows 98, NT kanye ne-XP engakafiki isikhathi, isimo esidingekayo sokuhambisana ne-Hyper-Threading ukwesekwa kwe-ACPI. Uma ingasetshenzisiwe ku-OS, akusiwo wonke ukugeleza kokucubungula okubunjwa ngamamojula ahambisanayo azobonakala ngekhompyutha. Qaphela ukuthi i-Windows XP yonke ihlinzeka ngezinzuzo zobuchwepheshe obubuzwayo. Kuyinto efiselekayo kakhulu ukuthi ukulungiswa kwe-multithreading kusetshenziswe kwizicelo ezisetshenziswa ngumnikazi we-PC.

Ngezinye izikhathi kungase kudingekile ukufaka esikhundleni se-motherboard ye- PC - uma ufaka amaprosesa we-Hyper-Threading kulokho okwakungenwe ekuqaleni futhi awuhambisani nobuchwepheshe. Kodwa-ke, njengokwezinhlelo zokusebenza, ngeke kube nezinkinga ezikhethekile uma umsebenzisi ene-PC yesimanje noma okungenani iprosesa ye- Intel Core i5 efanele yezingxenye zehadiwe . I-Hyper Threading, njengoba sibonile ngenhla, isetshenziselwa uchungechunge lwamaCore, futhi ama-chipset we-motherboard afanelekele ukusekela ngokugcwele imisebenzi ehambisanayo ye-chip.

Imigomo yokusheshisa

Uma ikhompyutha esezingeni lezingxenyekazi ze-hardware ne-software ayihambisani ne-Hyper-Threading, khona-ke lobu buchwepheshe, ngombono, bunganciphisa. Lesi simo sabangela abanye ochwepheshe be-IT ukuthi bangabaze amathemba esixazululo esivela ku-Intel. Banquma ukuthi akusiyo inqwaba yezobuchwepheshe, kodwa ukunyakaza kokuthengisa kuncike emcimbini we-Hyper Threading, ukuthi yi-algorithm ukuthi, ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwayo, ayikwazi ukusheshisa umsebenzi we-PC. Kodwa ukungabaza kwabagxeki ngokushesha kwaxoshwa ngabanjiniyela be-Intel.

Ngakho-ke, izimo eziyisisekelo zobuchwepheshe ezizosetshenziswa ngempumelelo:

- Ukwesekwa kwe-Hyper-Threading kwesevisi ye-I / O;

- ukuhambisana kwebhodi lebhodi le-motherboard elinomprosesa wohlobo olufanele;

- Ukusekela ubuchwepheshe besistimu yokusebenza kanye nesicelo esithile esisebenza kuyo.

Uma izinto ezimbili zokuqala zingenayo izinkinga ezikhethekile, khona-ke kulesi sici sezinhlelo zokuhambisana ne-Hyper-Threading, ezinye izigqoko zingase zenzeke. Kodwa kungaphawulwa ukuthi uma isicelo sisekela, isibonelo, sebenzisa ama-protocol-core, ngakho-ke kuzoba okuhambisanayo, cishe okuqinisekisiwe, nobuchwepheshe obuvela ku-Intel.

Okungenani kunezifundo eziqinisekisa ukukhula komkhiqizo wezinhlelo ezifakwe kuma-chip-core chips, cishe ngo-15-18%, uma iprosesa isebenzisa amamojula e-Intel Hyper Threading. Indlela yokuzikhubaza - sesiyazi kakade (uma kwenzeka umsebenzisi engabaza ngokufaneleka kokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe). Kodwa cishe kukhona ezimbalwa izizathu ezibonakalayo zokubonakala kwazo.

Umbuso osebenzayo we-Hyper-Threading

Ingabe ubuchwepheshe obubuzwayo buhlinzeka i-Intel inzuzo ebonakalayo yokuncintisana ? Kukhona imibono ehlukene ngale ndaba. Kodwa abantu abaningi baye babonisa: Ubuchwepheshe be-Hyper-Threading bavame kakhulu kangangokuthi lesi sombululo saba yinto ebalulekile kubakhiqizi abaningi bezinhlelo ze-server, futhi yamukelwa ngabasebenzisi abasebenzisa i-PC.

Ukucubungula kwedatha yedatha

Inzuzo eyinhloko yobuchwepheshe ukuthi iqaliswa ngendlela efomethi yehadiwe. Okungukuthi, inqwaba yezibalo izokwenziwa ngaphakathi kwiprosesa ngamamojuli akhethekile, hhayi ngesimo se-algorithms yesofthiwe esithunyelwe ezingeni le-chip - okuyosho ukuthi kuncishiswe ukusebenza jikelele kwe-PC. Ngokuvamile, njengoba kuphawuliwe ochwepheshe be-IT, onjiniyela be-Intel bakwazi ukuxazulula le nkinga, okwakunqunywe ngabo ekuqaleni kokuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe - ukwenza umsebenzi weprosesa usebenze ngokuphumelelayo. Ngempela, njengoba izivivinyo zibonisile, lapho uxazulula izinkinga eziningi ezisebenzayo kumsebenzisi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-Hyper-Threading kuye kwashesha kakhulu umsebenzi.

Kungaphawulwa ukuthi phakathi kwama-processors e-Pentium 4, lawo ma-chips ayehlome amamojula wokusekela ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswe asebenze kangcono kakhulu kunezinguquko zokuqala. Ngezici eziningi kuboniswe ikhono le-PC ukuthi lisebenze ngendlela ebonakalayo ye-multitasking - uma izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Windows zivulekile, futhi akuyona into engathandeki kakhulu ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwesistimu ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo omunye wabo kunciphisa ijubane labanye.

Isixazululo esisodwa semisebenzi ehlukene

Ngakho-ke, abacubungula nge-Hyper-Threading ukwesekwa ngcono kangcono kunezingcikitsi ezincane ezingavumelani nazo, ukuqala ngesikhathi esisodwa, isibonelo, isiphequluli, ukudlala umculo nokusebenza namadokhumenti. Yiqiniso, zonke lezi zinzuzo zizwa umsebenzisi ngokuzikhandla kuphela uma izingxenye zesofthiwe ne-hardware ze-PC zihambisana nokuhambisana okwanele nemodi yokusebenza enjalo.

Izenzakalo ezifanayo

I-Hyper-Threading Technology ayiyona yodwa eyenzelwe ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-PC ngokusebenzisa i-computing multithreaded. Unama-analogues.

Isibonelo, amaprosesa we-POWER5, akhiwe yi-IBM, nawo asekela i-multithreading. Okusho ukuthi, ngayinye yezinhlamvu zokucubungula (ngokuphelele kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezihambisanayo) zingenza imisebenzi ngaphakathi kwezintambo ezimbili. Ngakho-ke, i-microprocessor iqhuba ukugeleza okukodwa kokufanayo.

I-AMD nayo inemiphumela emihle kakhulu emkhakheni wezingqinamba ze-multithreading. Ngakho-ke, kwaziwa ukuthi ekwakhiweni kwe-Bulldozer algorithms efana ne-Hyper-Threading isetshenzisiwe. Ukuzikhethela kwesisombululo kusuka ku-AMD yukuthi imicu ngayinye yenza izinyathelo ezihlukene zeprosesa. Isilondolozi sezinga lesibili sihlala sabiwe. Imiqondo efanayo ifakwa ekwakhiweni okwakhiwa yi-AMD Bobcat, eguqulelwe ama-laptops nama-PC amancane.

Yiqiniso, izifaniso eziqondile zomqondo kusuka ku-AMD, IBM kanye ne-Intel zingabhekwa njengemibandela enemibandela. Kanye nezindlela zokwakha izakhiwo zeprosesa ngokujwayelekile. Kodwa izimiso ezisetshenziselwa ubuchwepheshe obuhambelana nazo zingabhekwa njengento efanayo, futhi imigomo ebekwe abathuthukisi ekubhekiseni ukusebenza kwe-microcircuits inhlobo efanayo, uma ingafani.

Lezi yizici ezibalulekile mayelana nobuchwepheshe obusondelene kakhulu no-Intel. Okuyikho, ukuthi unika amandla kanjani i-Hyper-Threading, noma ngokuphambene, vala, sizimisele. Le nto cishe isebenzisa ngokunenzuzo izinzuzo zayo, ezingasetshenziswa, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-PC kwi-hardware nezingxenye zesofthiwe isekela ubuchwepheshe.