I-antibiotic penicillin akuzange kusize semisynthetic ezibanzi-spectrum

Ukuze ekwelapheni pathologies nge ezithathelwanayo noma webhaktheriya ngokwemvelo, avame ukusetshenziswa kwemithi elwa namagciwane. Nokho, inani labo elikhulu ukuze iziguli azikwazi njalo ukuqonda kahle ukuthi izidakamizwa ngeke ivumelane kuye. Ngokwemvelo, akudingekile ukuba bahlanganyele kwawena. Khetha izindlela ezidingekayo ukuze kusizwe udokotela. Kodwa evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu penicillin akuzange kusize semisynthetic. Waziwa iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-80.

Uyini umkhiqizo?

Ngakho, lulwimi zokwenziwa penicillin akuzange kusize kuyinto analogue into yemvelo, okuyinto has entsha, izakhiwo ezibalulekile kakhulu, futhi ubhekwa iyashelela kuneyokuqala. Lokho, angase athathe isinyathelo ezimweni lapho Amagciwane ziba namandla okumelana imiphumela nge-penicillin akuzange zemvelo.

Izidakamizwa baleli qembu yilabo phakathi ephumelela kunazo ngokumelene ke inani elikhulu izifo asetshenziswa ngokwanele kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe ayinangozi ngokuphelele emzimbeni. Yingakho avame ebekiwe ekwelapheni abesifazane abakhulelwe nezinsana.

penicillin akuzange kusize Semisynthetic livikela kakhulu acid, ngakho-ke ungakwazi ukuthatha isikhathi eside ukwakha amaphilisi. Anakho nomphumela owaqhubeka isikhathi eside. Okungukuthi, yileli qembu izidakamizwa is ezivamile futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi zokwelapha.

Umgomo we operation ye-antibiotic

Ngakho, imali eningi enikelwa iqembu e oyiyo aqukethe iringi β-lactam. Lokho-ke kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukumisa ukukhiqizwa cell peptidoglycan nezilwanyana ezincane eziyingozi. Lokho ukukhula nokukhiqizwa lwegciwane kuthiwa wayeka, it is hhayi olusha, ngemva kwalokho uyafa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo lo womuntu omzimba abe izinto ezimbi akusebenzi, ngoba zihlanganisa kungekho peptidoglycan.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, β-lactam indandatho kunikeza ukuhlanganiswa kwezici webhaktheriya cell udonga ukuthi kuphakamisa umzimba normal therein. Ngokuvamile, semi zokwenziwa penicillin akuzange kusize iphumelela kakhulu ekulweni namagciwane ahlukahlukene yezitho zangaphakathi, zokugula kuhlinzwa.

Izinzuzo izimali

Ngakho, kumelwe futhi ucabangele ukuthi izinzuzo emimoya leli qembu izidakamizwa. penicillins Semisynthetic babe izinzuzo ezilandelayo:

• Bayakwazi isebenze kahle ngisho nalabo kwamagciwane lasavele asungule ukumelana lolu hlobo ama-antibiotic.
• izidakamizwa abaningi babe spectrum ezibanzi isinyathelo, okungukuthi, bangambulala inqwaba amagciwane ahlukene.
• penicillins Iningi leli qembu linamalungu isakhiwo ehlukile: ukumelana esiswini acid. Okungukuthi, abangabantwana ithebulethi ngeke ize kancane kunokuphakela imijovo.

Izici isicelo

Iqembu semi zokwenziwa penicillin akuzange kusize yisona esikhulunywa abantu abaningi phakathi kwazo zonke imithi elwa namagciwane akhona. Zitholakala ezihlukahlukene. Ekhemisi ungathenga isiraphu, amaphilisi, powder ukuzalisa isilwane noma uketshezi isilungele umjovo. I powder ngokuvamile phama ingilazi ngeZitsha ivolumu ezithile ukuvala cap iraba kanye isivalo sensimbi. Ngemva kokuvula ibhodlela kufanele ukusetshenziswa ngokushesha ngemithi elwa namagciwane, inqobo nje uma kungenziwanga agcinwe ecacile.

I powder lasetshenziswa ukulungiswa isixazululo ongama noma esicutshini. Ukuze zizalela yayo esebenzisa uketshezi ekhethekile. Kukhona futhi izimpushana granulated zazo ilungiselela ukumiswa kwezokuphatha ngomlomo. Ngokuvamile, lolu hlobo lo muthi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha ezinganeni ezincane.

Nokho, ifomu evamile womshini kukhona amaphilisi. Ngenxa yokuthi ezinye izidakamizwa emelelwa iqembu amelana esiswini acid, isakhi esiyinhloko kubo asibhubhi. Okungukuthi, injengomoya kahle ngangokunokwenzeka, ngisho nangemva ukuwela esimweni esishubile.

Izinkomba ukusetshenziswa

Ephambi kwezinduna yisiphi isifo esithathelwanayo noma webhaktheriya emzimbeni udokotela unelungelo lokuthathwa njengomsulwa antibiotic. Semi-zokwenziwa penicillins ingasetshenziswa ekwelapheni izifo ezifana:

• Isifo samaphaphu, isifo pleura.
• Endocarditis uhlamvu ukonakala.
• izifo gynecological ukuthi ahambisana izinqubo ukuvuvukala futhi zinezikhathi ukubukeka ubomvu.
• Anthrax.
• Sepsis.
• Peritonitis.
• Ukutheleleka emphinjeni, ekhaleni noma izindlebe.
• Meningitis.
• Negesi esibhibhayo.
• Idiphtheria.
• Gonorrhoea, ugcunsula.
• Leptospirosis.
• imfiva Scarlet.
• ukutheleleka Kuyathathelena we ureters kanye Amapayipi Bile.
• izifo Balimaze zesikhumba noma soft kwezicubu, okuyinto ahambisana ubomvu.
• conjunctivitis Gonococcal, cellulitis komzila wokuzungeza, keratitis, ukuhlukumezeka noma engu-iso.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlu lungaboniswa. Njengoba singabona kusukela ngobufakazi obubekwe ngaphambili, penicillins asetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo cishe yonke kwezitho zomzimba.

Lokho Izimo kuthiwa zikhona?

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi penicillins semisynthetic, bohlu isinyathelo ubanzi kakhulu, cishe ngokuphelele ingozi kubantu, kusadingeka abanye contraindications ukusetshenziswa:

1. Ukusabela iguliswa izidakamizwa noma izingxenye zalo.
2. ukungabekezelelani Organic izinhlanga ezithile izidakamizwa.

Nokho, Ukuvela yokungezwani komzimba incane ngokwanele. Kodwa aphoyintimenti nge-penicillin akuzange izidakamizwa udokotela kufanele ubuyekeze ukubekezelelana ngesineke lezi zimali.

Buhle buni obungaba engadingeki kungenzeka?

imiphumela emibi penicillins semisynthetic wachaza ngokuningiliziwe okwanele. Zingaba umfutho ezahlukene. Ezimweni eziningi, izimpawu okuncane kanye ingozi ukuze ukuphila nempilo isiguli engatheli. Lapho ethola amalungiselelo penicillin akuzange kusize based kungase kuphakame ezifana side ukusabela:

• Ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo nokuhlanza.
• Eosinophilia.
• Yandisa lokushisa komzimba okuphelele.
• Ubuhlungu ikhanda.
• spasm bronchial.
• Edema (ngisho angioedema).
• ukuphendula Neurotoxic.
• Artrapiya (yesibili lesion amalunga omzimba kubangelwa ezinye izifo).
• Ngibanjwe.
• Coma.
• Ukusabela nomzimba. Kungenzeka ukuthi ingasheshi noma okungazelelwe.
• Phlebitis noma thrombophlebitis (uma iqondiswa ngemithambo yegazi).
• Stomatitis (usebenzisa ekwakhiweni ithebhulethi).

Kunoma ikuphi, uhlu ukusabela ezingezinhle lungaboniswa unomphela. Nokho, ne ukuqedwa ngesikhathi esifanele kuleli qembu ukusabela engathandeki zenzeke ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Nokho, komzimba okukhulu kungaholela ekufeni isiguli. Ngakho-ke, kufanele contraindicated ukuthatha penicillin akuzange kusize kunoma yiluphi uhlobo (noma nge ukudla).

Ukwahlukaniswa amafa

Ngakho ukwehlukana izidakamizwa ngesisekelo semi zokwenziwa penicillins kungaba amaqembu ezilandelayo:

1. Penitsillinazostabilnye "Oxacillin", "Methicillin".
2. Karboksipenitsilliny "ticarcillin", "Carbenicillin".
3. pseudomonas:
4. Aminopenicillin: "Amoxicillin", "Ampicillin" (okuvame kakhulu). Lezi semi zokwenziwa ezibanzi-spectrum penicillins kukhona yini ukumelana nemiphumela we-beta-laktanaz. Nokho, bakwazi zithathwe ifomu iphilisi.
5. "Mezlocillin" Uridopenitsilliny, "azlocillin".

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iqembu ejenti semi zokwenziwa eklanyelwe ulwe ezifweni ezithile, uma kungenziwa kahle umsebenzi ngamunye ayikwazi kuhlangene nezinye imithi elwa namagciwane bacteriostatic. Lokhu kungaba ukulimaza umzimba.

Yini uketshezi akhethiwe ngokuzalanisa powder?

Ukuze ukwethula i intramuscularly ama-antibiotic noma phansi kwesikhumba, powder kufanele iphendulwe uketshezi. Kuze kube yimanje, kumakhemikhali awuketshezi ahlukahlukene asetshenziswa. Khona-ke abakhululiwe ezivamile: nosawoti, amanzi umjovo, kanye "Novocaine".

Uma kucatshangwa ekuphathweni esicutshini zomuthi ke ingasetshenziswa khona yimiphi imithi yokususa ingcekeza elenkani ngenhla. Kodwa-ke akufanele kube efudumele ngobe kusebenta kahle powder emva dilution kulesi simo zingancishiswa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ihlobo ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa kwe-kuphela kungenzeka ukusebenzisa amanzi abandayo. Vele Songa ampoule esitsheni okusamanzi imizuzu embalwa. flakonchika lokushisa akumele leqe 18-20 degrees.

Ukuze kuncishiswe umuzwa ukungakhululeki ekupheni umjovo, kungcono ukusebenzisa nosawoti evamile. Uma isiguli kakade engafuni ubuhlungu, kungenzeka ukuncibilikisa powder "Novocaine", okuyinto has a izinzwa umphumela wendawo. Nokho, kulesi simo, uketshezi ukulungele ingavuthi esinamafu ngenxa ukuvela procaine penicillin akuzange kusize usawoti. Nokho, izinga noma ukuphumelela izidakamizwa ayiphazamiseki.

Izidakamizwa ezivamile: incazelo emfushane

Uma ufuna ukusebenzisa penicillins semi zokwenziwa, izidakamizwa ngamunye icala ngabanye, ebekwe udokotela. Antibiotic ethandwa kakhulu leli qembu zimi kanje:

• "Ampicillin". Kuyinto-antibiotic ezibanzi-spectrum siyasebenza ngokumelene Gram-negative futhi abanye amagciwane igramu-HIV. Kusukela isisu emathunjini izidakamizwa amuncwa umzimba kancane. Tolerability zomuthi okuhle iziguli eziningi. Lapho co-iqondiswa "Ampicillin" nge anticoagulants temlomo kwandisa imiphumela yokugcina. Ukuthola izindlela izikhathi 4-6 / d.
• "Amoxicillin". Lokhu kufana ukulungiswa langaphambilini, esibonakala by Bole ukumuncwa egcwele kusukela pheshana emathunjini. It is ngokuvamile edayiswa ngendlela amaphilisi, njengoba amelana imiphumela emibi juice esiswini futhi asisho collapse ushukunyiswa yiwo.
• "Oxacillin". Lokhu imithi akuyona kuphela amelana esiswini acid, kodwa nakulabo enzyme okuyizinto enamandla okubhubhisa penicillin akuzange kusize. Ngenxa yokuthi it is ngokushesha excreted ku umchamo, ke kuyodingeka uthathele kaningi impela. Izidakamizwa ingasetshenziswa ngesimo imijovo.

cephalosporins Group

Kukhona iqembu ahlukene kwamaphilisi: penicillins semisynthetic - cephalosporins. Bavela kusukela yemvelo izidakamizwa anobuthi "Cephalosporin C". Izidakamizwa kuleli qembu kabanzi ngamakhemikhali ukwelapha izifo ezihlukahlukene ezithathelwanayo.

Linqume izidakamizwa kuleli qembu kufanele udokotela owaziyo mayelana izici of izenzo zabo. Ngokwesibonelo, akuzona zonke izindlela sokuqala nesesibili sizukulwane kuphumelele ngokufanayo. Nokho, ukuzabalaza kwama-bacterium ukuba cephalosporins eba kuqhathaniswa kancane. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngaYe lo iqembu nethonya ngokwanele anobuthi on the izinso uma iqondiswa ngisho nalapho lidle isilinganiso elincane (4-6 g).

Yilokho zonke izici imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa ngesisekelo penicillin akuzange kusize. Naphezu ukuphepha alama-antibiotic ukuze umzimba, self-wahlanganyela Kunoma yikuphi engenakwenzeka. Hlala uphilile!