Hysteria: izimpawu e abesifazane, amadoda kanye nezingane. Izimbangela kanye nokwelashwa umhayizo

Kuyini usinga: isifo noma kuyinsakavukela? Lokhu kuphazamiseka kwengqondo kuyinto zimandla kwabesimame, kodwa kubonakala amadoda. Yiziphi izimpawu futhi lokho kwelashwa kungenzeka abantu babesaba? Isihloko Kwethulwa kuyinto uphendule imibuzo ethile mayelana lesi simanga.

Lo mkhuba usinga ayedumile yayo kusukela endulo udokotela sikaHippocrates. Libhekisela lonke iqembu nezifo zengqondo, elalingelamaFilisti kwesibeletho (hysteron). nokutadisha okunzulu yalesi sifo esingavamile zengqondo waqala ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Igama layo - umhayizo. Izimpawu kubantu besifazane kwakungamadodana impahla evelele kakhulu izazi.

ucwaningo lwesayensi

Lolu cwaningo yalesi sifo laqala ukwenza P. UJanet futhi zh. M. Sharko. Ngaphansi kwethonya isifundo lokugcina izindlela ngokwengqondo abantu babesaba wasiphakamisa Freud futhi J. Breuer. Freud enza khona umnikelo omkhulu ukwakhiwa kwanoma yiliphi isu ezifana umhayizo. Ukwelashwa wayeyibonile indlela entsha basungula - psychoanalysis. Isazi esithile sokusebenza kwengqondo ukucacisa izindlela ukuzivikela ngokwengqondo esiyidingayo endabeni vozniknuvshey kudideka okungaphakathi. Lokhu ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu, ukuhlonza, ukudluliswa, abamukeli. Freud wathi uma amalungiselelo ayikwazi yokuqeda ingxabano, lapho kufika umhayizo. Izizathu njengoba akubona izethulo becindezela nezinkumbulo, okuyizinto ezivusa inkanuko yobulili ezingosini nemvelo futhi obonakaliswe kwezimpawu zomzimba.

Ngokuvamile, Freud bebeye siqu ngezigaba psychoneuroses yayo. Yena wakhetha lo neurosis akahlanye futhi neurosis obsessional. Zihluke ekukhathazekeni neurosis, njengoba yokugcina kwenzeka ngemva kwesenzakalo akuphumelelanga zocansi, kodwa psychoneuroses sokucasuka ingane isencane izingxabano.

Tinhlobo letimbili umhayizo

Freud e lo mkhuba usinga futhi wakhetha izinhlobo ezimbili. Bobabili bavule amacala abe esivamile eziyisisekelo welithi "usinga." Lesi sifo kwenzeka ngenxa lamasu zokuzivikela, njengoba displacement sezithombe ingxabano yangaphakathi.

Ukuguqulwa usinga inikeza ukuthi isiguli uzama ukubhekana kangcono nale kudideka okungaphakathi ngokuvula kube inkulumo ngokomzimba noma dissociation. Hysteria ayivumeli ukwesaba abantu, mina ukwesaba khona izindlela esilawulayo futhi phobic. Phobic neurosis - elinye igama lolu hlobo mkhuba "usinga." Izizathu ukuqamba kabusha impela kucacile.

Izici ukuguqulwa umhayizo

Ukuguqulwa usinga inezimpawu ezahlukene. Ukwelashwa nokuvikelwa kuba esikhundleni umhlaziyi sika, okuyinto yokuqala ikhomba kobukhulu izimpawu.

Okokuqala, kungcono kwezimpawu zomzimba. Ziyakwazi oluyingozi kakhulu emvelweni futhi kulokhu akanayo uxhumano ukwephula ubunjalo yokwakheka noma bokuphila, futhi izenzakalo ngemilingo.

Okwesibili, ukunganaki ngokomzwelo zangaphandle. Kuyinto uphawu esinzulu.

Okwesithathu, episodic isimo sengqondo - ukuhlaselwa akahlanye. Kungenzeka yokuzibeka, futhi kuhlangene izimpawu ngenhla. Ukuquleka ehilela eqhekeza imisebenzi ethile yengqondo.

Ngokuvamile ngalinye lala masonto nokuquleka ephelezelwa usinga zesifazane. Izimpawu kubantu besifazane kuhilele eziyinkimbinkimbi fi izindaba kanye amaphupho amenable ukuhlaziya. Ziyakwazi umphumela ukuhlanekezela ukuthi bavele umthelela izindlela ukuzivikela.

Kuthiwa imibhalo eminingi ye izimpawu elikhanyayo umzimba ukuguqulwa umhayizo. Ngo abesifazane, kukhona imoto, visceral futhi iziyaluyalu sezinzwa: ubuhlungu, ukuba ndikindiki, ukuzamazama, ubumpumputhe, ukukhubazeka, ukuhlanza. Kodwa lezi zimpawu zamanga. Ababona ubufakazi ukwephulwa anatomofiziologichnyh. Kodwa babesaba nayo yonke inkolelo yokuthi uphawu esingathí sina kodwa futhi ngempela.

kuphakama izimpawu akahlanye lapho uvuka izingxabano eziye zenzeka esikhathini yentuthuko psychosexual yomuntu. Okuyingozi kuyinto isifiso unina noma uyise (kungakhathaliseki ubulili wengane), lapho kwezihlobo abeke ukuvinjelwa. Ngokusho Freud, ezinye izinhlobo usinga futhi ancike izingxabano pregenital, okungukuthi ngomlomo.

Ukuvikelwa kwenqondo

Izinhlobo ezinkulu izindlela ngokwengqondo zokuzivikela zihlanganisa ukuhlonza, ekuhlehleni kanye ukufuduka. Ngosizo lwabo, psyche uzama ukubhekana ngokuphumelelayo ukungqubuzana zezingane nokucindezela fantasies equlekile, bephonsa nabo ngezansi ezingeni ukwazi. Ngakho umuntu unawo ubuqotho bayo.

Syndromes izici ezahlukene ngamunye lesi sifo njengoba babesaba. Ukwelashwa liqukethe yokuthi ngosizo kwengqondo, udokotela ikhomba iphethini pathogenic. zombango nomthelela ekwakhekeni ubuntu. Uma lesi sifo azicaci, kungaba nje ukwakheka uhlamvu akahlanye. Theatrical show off, flirty, isimo lability, ukuthambekela aphendule equlekile fantasy - lena umhayizo. Abesifazane Yaveza ukwesaba alale nomuntu edelela elikhanyayo.

izinhlobonhlobo umhayizo

disorder Kuthunyelwe has izici zayo siqu, kungakhethelekile ukuthi ungowesifazane. Uhlobo lokuqala - the usinga ezinganeni. Izimpawu avele ukuphendula njengoba acute ukwesaba ukuthi alinaso elisekela. Kwenzeka futhi ukuthi ukuhlaselwa akahlanye zenzeka ngenxa isijeziso sabazali. Lapho abazali bayasazi ngamaphutha abo, ukushintsha sibe isijeziso ke ukuhlasela akahlanye zenzeke.

Entsheni, i-usinga kubonakala amantombazane ababuthakathaka-willed nabafana abangafuni ukuzwa ukungavumi ukugcwalisa izifiso zabo, unseasoned ukusebenza. Lezi intsha ilawulwe abadala ngosizo yokugula kwakhe.

umhayizo zabesilisa

Dr Jean sikaCharcot, ngaphezu kokutadisha izifo zabesifazane, waphawula izimo yalesi sifo, umhayizo ezingabantu. Izimpawu ngamandla kwalesi sifo ngaphambili kubhekwe luyingxenye isifazane.

Usosayensi Jean sikaCharcot kwaba nethonya Freud imiboniso abantu babesaba besilisa. Wabonisa ukuthi nge kokulutheka ungakwazi liyochukuluza ukukhubazeka akahlanye futhi uqede izimpawu akahlanye.

Ngemva kokubuya Paris, nomdlandla, Freud wethule inkulumo "On the usinga ezingabantu, 'lapho ethulwa ngemiphumela yocwaningo kaJ sikaCharcot. Kodwa odokotela saseVienna zazinzima agodliwe ekwahluleleni kwabo wanikela Freud ukuhlola futhi bakhombise indaba efanayo. observation Clinical we udokotela wezengqondo ize kuholele, ngoba iningi lososayensi Vienna futhi wahlala awazikhathaleli usinga besilisa.

umhayizo zesifazane

I okufana wesithathu lesi sifo - usinga zesifazane. Izimpawu e abesifazane ukuthatha kwaqala hormone izinqubo umzimba. Kule ndaba, isifo ezihambisana ne umsebenzi gonads ezikhiqiza ama. Lezi izinto ezithinta isimo abesifazane esikhathini. Ukuvutha yama-hormone kusukela kwabasanda kweva eshumini imbangela emva kokubeletha iziyaluyalu ezifana umhayizo. Izimpawu kubantu besifazane zinezikhathi ohlangothini bokuphila hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi kokuziphatha. Abesifazane bavame ukunqoba wonke umuntu ukunakwa, ngokumthanda, umona nokumangala. Bona asungula izindaba ezahlukene kanye izindaba, ingubo inkanuko. isimo sabo ushintsha ngokushesha okukhulu. Uma kunjalo inzima ngaphezulu, lesi simo singenzeka uhlangothi noma paresis, bese abesifazane kudingeka usizo ezihambayo.

Isiguli kungaba ukudikiza ikhanda lakhe ngaphandle isizathu. Ngokuvamile sinqamukile ke, kukhona amalimi, nezimungulu, spasm ngomphimbo, hiccups. Kusukela side kubonakala ukuthi iziguli liziphathe aweve.

ukuquleka zabesifazane akahlanye zinezikhathi ukunyakaza kungazelelwe, ukuklabalasa ukumemeza. Isiguli ukudansela isiginci sakhe izinwele zakhe, ekhala. Misa lokhu kuhlasela kungaba Bing, ukotini, ubuhlungu obukhulu ngamanzi abandayo. Hysteria edidayo kancane, kodwa isiguli uyazikhumbula zonke izenzakalo.

neurosis akahlanye: Ukwelashwa

Konke ukwelashwa kuyehla kube umhayizo, ukuqeda umthombo kudideka okungaphakathi. Psychotherapy - indlela ukuthi ngeke akwenze ngaphandle. Emasu lasemcoka esetshenziswa ekwelashweni kukhona kokulutheka, ukuqeqeshwa, isiphakamiso.

udokotela Phakathi kokulutheka zingasebenzisa khulula inhlangano indlela, ngalo ukwaba uchungechunge izinhlangano ukuthi ukuxhumanisa uphawu eyinhloko iphethini pathogenic. Le nqubo ingathatha isikhathi eside, kusukela ekwambulweni amaketanga associative - akulula. Udokotela uthola uhlamvu izakhiwo lesiguli, ukubaluleka Motifs ezithile. Futhi psychoanalyst kuyalinqoba ukumelana isiguli, ongafuni ukudlala psihotravmiruemye izenzakalo.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi isiqondiso ezifana psychoanalysis, engabondli abakubo play mechanical indima. Indoda kumele asuse zonke buso futhi sime ukuze lokho ayikho. Lokhu ngobuqotho akulona nje kogulayo kuphela kodwa udokotela. I umhlaziyi likwazi ukufinyelela kumiswa ubuntu, futhi kakhulu impilo isiguli kuzoncika udokotela. ukuzinikezela Maximum kungaba avuse ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa kanye nodokotela, ngakho njalo sokusebenza kwengqondo has sokusebenza kwengqondo yakhe.

I ethulwa indlela inhlangano khulula waba ukuqhubeka ngokujulile kanye nokuthuthukisa indlela engalawuliwe of Breuer. Hypnosis iyinhlangano zokuxhumana esikhundleni, imizwa ocebile futhi lithuthukise yokuziphatha udokotela lesiguli. Pulses awo adedelwa, okuholela ye-catharsis.

Kulezi zindlela ezingenhla, ukusiza isiguli ukuba aqaphele ukuthi ubalekela lesi sifo, futhi ngaleyo ndlela iqala ukuphulukiswa.

Futhi esetshenziswa imithi. Iziguli udumo psychotropic (elisho ukuthi "Aminalon", "Nootropil"), umuthi "Rudotel" darsonvalization imilenze kanye nemikhiqizo ngokubhukula ukuthi ukusekela impilo kanye nesimo somqondo. Amavithamini, ukubhucungwa nethonya elihle ku-wonke umzimba.

ukuhlaselwa akahlanye ezinganeni ziphathwe izindlela kulula. Indlela ephumelela kakhulu amasu - isiphakamiso kwamanga kanye nokwelashwa. Thola isizathu, abazali bangasiza okuphulukisa usinga zezingane.

Sebenzisa amakhambi abantu ukuqeda neurosis akahlanye. Kukhona amakhambi ahlukahlukene ukuthi athobe isimiso sezinzwa (Mint, valerian, Leonurus).

Ukuvimbela isifuthefuthe akahlanye

Isimanga siwukuthi kodwa nokuvimbela lesi sifo ukunakekelwa ngokweqile futhi esitokisini ayidingeki, ngoba hysterics, ekubambeni ke, usungaqala belingisa isifo futhi lokuzuza engcebweni yabo. Vala ukuthatha bezibona ezanele isimo nge bambalala okuncane. Kulokhu, noma ukuhlaselwa akahlanye zinyamalale ngokuphelele noma wehlise lizinga sekukhomba yabo.

Ngemva kudokotela wezifo kufanele athathe njalo izidakamizwa psychotropic nemithi athobe isimiso sezinzwa. Ungakwazi uphuze itiye infusions amakhambi ahlukahlukene.