Flemish: umlando ukuthuthukiswa kanye nezici

ulimi lase esetshenziswa abantu abayizigidi ezinhlanu enihlala endaweni etlhagwini yeBelgium (le ngxenye ibizwa Flanders), kanye ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 200 emnyangweni isiFulentshi Nord. Libhekisela egatsheni laseJalimane umndeni Indo-European.

Labo abakhuluma lase

Flemings zihlobene abantu Dutch. Njengoba inkathi zoMbuso WaseRoma kuya kweleshumi XIV, kancane kancane sahlala insimu yalo samanje - engxenyeni esenyakatho nezwe laseBelgium. Kuze XVI ekhulwini lase cishe izakhamuzi zaseBosnia zifana ababevela eNetherlands. Izinguquko zazithatha ngemva ukwehlukana eHolland Belgium, omunye izwe ithola uzibuse futhi bamukela EsengamaProthestani, kuyilapho endaweni enye bamaKatolika waqinisa ukubusa iziphathimandla angaphandle. Ngakho, ekhulwini XVII-XVIII ulimi lase lakhiwa ngokuzimela, ngaphandle kokungenela we-Dutch.

Ngo 1830, uMbuso Belgium ithola uzibuse. Kusukela Flemings waqala ukuveza ukungavumelani kwabo enesimo lase ngoba namanje kubhekwa njengendlela lwesigodi wendawo. Ukwamukelwa ulimi izincwadi standard kuye kwahlotshaniswa obuthile, ngoba Flemings abacebile abafundile ikakhulukazi isiFulentshi.

indaba

Lase ukufundisa ulimi okuyinto okunzima ngempela, ngoba umehluko omkhulu zibhalwe futhi ekhuluma, inomlando ocebile futhi kunalokho kuyinkimbinkimbi yentuthuko. Ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX uhulumeni Belgian Yayinesikhwanyana ikakhulukazi Walloons elikhuluma isiFulentshi. Kusukela ngo-1873, i-Flemish siwulimi olusemthethweni eBelgium, emigomeni esilinganayo French. Ekupheleni kwempi yezwe yesibili, kukhona ukwehla ukuthuthukiswa imboni insimbi embonini yamalahle.

Le micimbi kubangelwe lase, ngaleso sikhathi zaba 55% yesizwe sonkana, afise ukuba kwenziwe ushintsho ezinhlakeni ezombusazwe nezamasiko ikakhulukazi. Ngo-1968, kukhona ukungqubuzana phakathi French kanye Flemings ngesisekelo University yaseLouvain: imiphakathi emibili ayikwazanga ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi ulimi kufanele zifundiswe kulesi sikole.

Umphumela waba uchungechunge imithetho 1970, ngo owamiswa emngceleni ulimi ophakathi kwala mazwe womabili, enye okumelwe isetshenziswe kuzo zonke izikhungo zomphakathi ka luyingxenye zimila izilimi sezizwe Flanders. Lase Council ophethe isiko ngo-1973, uqambe kabusha kube Dutch.

Isimo samanje

Ukuze uthole isikhundla yiliphi ihhovisi zomphakathi eBelgium, kudingeka zazi izilimi ezimbili. Kuyinto mayelana lase futhi, yebo, isiFulentshi. Walloons, esikhundleni salokho, kufanele ukuya umqondo wokufunda olunye ulimi, okuyinto ezikhulunywa abantu abayizigidi ezingu-22 kuphela, kuhlanganise nabantu abahlala eNetherlands. Flemings (ikakhulukazi labo abaqhubeka begcine somphakathi), njengoba uhlobo lwembuyiselo Awukhulumi French ngamabomu. Ngokuqondene elithi "lase", ngaphezu incazelo yalo ngqo, namuhla ke livame ukusetshenziswa njengoba igama collective eseMpumalanga zezigodi zapadnoflamandskih.

Olimini-umngcele izifunda ungahlangana izimpawu zomgwaqo French nokuba ngiqede ngezansi igama sigodi ngesiDashi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi emadolobheni amaningi babe amafomu amabili. Ngakho, uma uhlela ukuya Mons insimu lase ke uya eBergen, Liege - Luik, Namur - namenya nokunye. Futhi okuphambene nalokho. Ufuna vakashela Mechelen? Khona-ke kufanele wazi: igama French komuzi kuzwakala Malin, Bern - Furneaux, Ieper - Ypres. It uhlala akucacile ukuthi kungani uhulumeni wombuso abakwazi ukuxazulula lokhu kwamahlaya futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo simo esidabukisayo ngokusebenzisa ukufakwa izimpawu zomgwaqo ukukhuluma izilimi ezimbili.

izici isici

Ngokuphathelene amafonethiki, le lase iyahluka kwenye inombolo Dutch izici lokhona ekuphimisweni (isibonelo ephelele ukungabi kuhlasela okuqinile). Grammar isici iyona division esingaguquguquki ezintathu izinhlobo ngosizo izabizwana zoqobo. Kuphinde futhi kube litshwayo ulimi lase izenzo ngokuchichima Gallicisms.

zezigodi

Kunezinhlobo ezine izinhlobonhlobo lase:

• lwesigodi Brabant;

• East-Flemish;

• West-Flemish;

• Limburg.

Zezigodi wale mithandazo amaqembu amabili Okwamanje isetshenziswa kakhulu enkulumweni yansuku zonke phakathi kwabantu futhi ibe isibalo esiphezulu umehluko kusuka Dutch ejwayelekile.

EBelgium Limburgish namanje kubhekwa ulimi lwesigodi. Kusukela ngo-1997, e-Netherlands, lapho lalimisa ngokomthetho njengenhlangano ezimele, njengoba i-Dutch futhi lase. Lapho bekhuluma ezilimini Limburg? Lokhu, ngaphezu kwakho konke, endaweni eningizimu-asempumalanga yeNetherlands, kanye engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-mpumalanga yesifundazwe Belgium.

West Flemish ezisetshenziswa labantu abaphilayo eNtshonalanga Flanders. ukusabalalisa aleli qembu ngenxa ukuhamba abalobi lendawo kwesigamu ngekhulu XIX yesibili, okuyinto uphikisa ukwethulwa ulimi Dutch ejwayelekile.

Umkhosi lase Community

Lo mgubho ewela Julayi 11. Ngo 1302, kwaba khona abadumile Kurtreyskaya impi phakathi lase futhi Knights French. Kwakamuva encroached ensimini ka Flanders kanye netimphawu telulwimi bavete. abantu lase ngesibindi walwela izwe, kuhlelembisa athathwe ka crossbowmen futhi yabacibishelayo. Flanders inqobe kumhambela kule mpi.

Kuze kube manje, lelo holidi yesimanje waseBelgium kugujwa athishela umphakathi lase. Ngalolusuku kukhona yamathanga imvunulo kanye ukusebenza ezigcawugcawu, eklanyelwe ukukhumbuza izakhamizi mayelana intengo ukuzimela nawoyise abanesibindi abalwela ke.