European Bank neKwakha kaBusha nekuTfutfukisa (EBRD)

I-European Bank neKwakha kaBusha nekuTfutfukisa yasungulwa esikhathini ngokuwa ubukhomanisi eMpumalanga Yurophu ngawo-1991. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-ububona eSoviet Union ngokushesha ucele usekelo ukwakheka kwemikhakha ezimele olusha ebusa ngentando yeningi labantu. Okwamanje, amathuluzi Bank kahle osetshenziselwa nekutfutfukiswa kwemnotfo emakethe futhi ngizama ukuzijwayeza indlela intando yeningi emazweni 34 elise emhlabeni wonke.

Izikhombisi-main umsebenzi Bank

inhlangano European isebenza kuphela izinjongo zezomnotho, esiza abantulayo akuyona ingxenye umgomo wayo. EBRD izimali amaphrojekthi athile kuphela. Ngaphezu abolekise, ibhange lucwaningo ukutshalwa ngqo, ukuhlinzeka technical support. Inhlokodolobha ogunyaziwe inhlangano yezimali ilingana $ 10 billion no ECU okuhambelana ezingeni bhiliyoni 12 zamaRandi. esigxotsheni Ukulawula ngamasheya inkampani (51%) is owned by EU. Iminikelo enhlanganweni zenziwa nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lwemali ngokukhululekile Convertible. Injongo eyinhloko okuyiwona ekuqaleni kwakhiwa European Bank neKwakha kaBusha nekuTfutfukisa - kuyinto:

• Ngezimali kwemisebenzi ukudiliva izimoto.
• Ukukhokhela nokudilivela imishini.
• Nikeza usizo lwezobuchwepheshe uhulumeni kanye commercial izinhlangano, amabhizinisi.
• Uboleka ezizimele, okuyinto ebangela ngu-60% inani imalimboleko.

Ubuqili umsebenzi wamabhange

Njengoba iyunithi isiphetho ibhange isebenzisa US dollar kanye ECU kanye yen Japanese. giant zezimali gumbi ovulekile futhi unikeze uhla egcwele services kuwo wonke amazwe ahlanganyela kulo ukusungulwa kwe-Institute. Amahhovisi usebenza Russia nase-Ukraine. IBhange eduze uqaphe ukusetshenziswa okubhekiswe kuzo zonke amathuluzi ukuthi uhlinzeka sokubolekwayo. Ngaphezu ngezimali, iBhange Lomhlaba linikeza iseluleko bese uhlela ezihlukahlukene izifundo zokuqeqesha bebhange nabaphathi. Isikhungo inikeza usizo lochwepheshe e isabelo sokwaba ukudla. Kuthiwa ukuthi isikhungo sezezimali ayinayo imali yayo ukuze ukunikezela ngosekelo. It oluhlala izimali le njongo ngokusebenzisa izimali ezisebenza EU.

Ngokucacile womsebenzi

Ifomethi eziyisisekelo ngeemali EBRD - loan futhi nokutshala izimali kule enhlokodolobha nokulingana noma iziqinisekiso. Ihhovisi eyinhloko enhlanganweni itholakala e-London. Okubalulekile abadlali inhlangano akuzona kuphela isimo sezwe, kodwa futhi i-European Community kanye European Investment Bank. izinhlangano ngamunye State Ilungu (inani amazwe 58) has a omele phezu Board of Governors kanye neBhodi yabaNqophisi. Inzuzo enkulu ukuthi ahlukene aseYurophu Bank neKwakha kaBusha nekuTfutfukisa - ulwazi lwakhe olujulile esifundeni lapho sihlelwe ukuba afeze imisebenzi yezezimali. abaholi isikhungo kahle ujwayelene zonke ubunkimbinkimbi abangaba lamazwe ngawo partnership selenziwe. Bank (iBhange) Unikela ngesekelo layo kuphela labo States ukuthi ulandele emakethe umnotho, bunyenti noma ukubusa ngentando yeningi maningi. Elinye iphuzu eqinile Institute - yikhono ukuthatha izingozi, ukuze kakhulu ukwandisa ukuthi kunethuba lezentengiselwano komngcele. EBRD ihlangabezana eliphakeme AAA credit isilinganiso, okuyinto wenza sikwazi ukukhulisa dolobha emakethe wezizwe e-ezimvunayo kakhulu.

Umsebenzi hhayi kuphela

International Bank emazweni iqhaza ngokugcwele ekuqhubeni kwesakhiwo hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi izinguquko imikhakha ukuze uyeke monopolization futhi azimele obanzi, okuhloswe ngaso ukuhlanganiswa komnotho yangasese ekukhuleni komnotho wezwe. Ukuze ukugcwaliseka lo msebenzi wenziwa ukukhuthazwa asebenzayo.

1. amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo ukusiza ezindabeni zokuhlelwa komsebenzi e isici sesimanje kanye ukunwetshwa ukukhiqizwa, ekwakhiweni ezombusazwe ukuncintisana.
2. IBhange kunomthelela ukugqugquzela kokubili dolobha angaphandle kanye ezifuywayo. Ukusekela inikezwe ekuphathweni ngendlela kwezimali.
3. Inhlangano ikhuthaza utshalomali ekukhiqizeni ukudala ukuncintisana kanye ukuthuthukisa izinga lempilo, kwandiswe umkhiqizo.
4. Ukusiza ekulungiseleleni lobuchwepheshe, ngezimali, iphrojekthi ukuqaliswa, ekukhuthazeni emakethe dolobha, i ukuthuthukiswa UKUVIKELEKA KWEMVELO, e incarnation ekubeni ngokoqobo amaphrojekthi ezinkulu ezihilela amazwe umamukeli amaningi.

Wayebheka ukunamathela isici kwemvelo

Ngaphezu abolekise leyehlukehlukene Ibhange kuyinto umsekeli asebenzayo ukuchuma imvelo. Ukuze ngamunye amaphrojekthi wamabhange nezimfuneko esiqinile-aspect lokuvikela imvelo. Ehlelekile kwenziwe ukuthuthukisa izimali kwingqalasizinda kamasipala kanye nezinye. Ngokwezimali ukhuthaza ubuchwepheshe energy esisindisa. ukuphepha Nuclear - omunye EBRD kuqala endaweni. Russia namanye amazwe ebhange ziqashwe kulokhu. isikhungo lwezezimali unesibopho ukusatshalaliswa kwezimali, okuyinto zidalwe ukuze unciphise izingozi zenuzi ukusebenza amandla plant ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba. I World Bank, ukusebenza kanye kanye namanye amazwe amaningi, ngalinye State has indlela yayo. Akazange nje ukwakha, kodwa futhi nokobana izinhlelo izidingo isimo ngasinye ilungu ohlelweni.

EBRD e-Ukraine

I-European Bank neKwakha kaBusha nekuTfutfukisa ingenye abatshala imali kakhulu e-Ukraine. Lesakhiwo sezimali sinikeza ukwesekwa yayo emikhakheni eyehlukene yomsebenzi, kuhlanganise emkhakheni wezezimali kanye nezinkampani ezincane kwezohwebo. Ezibalulekile ukuze inhlangano yezimali yilezi: ezolimo kanye nengqalasizinda yezokuthutha, imisebenzi kamasipala kanye amandla, ukuxhumana ithelevishini. Chornobyl "Shelter" Isikhwama ubuye ngaphansi kokulawulwa Bank. Ukraine uthola ukwesekwa kusukela e-isici eChernobyl yokutakula, ukuguqulwa yayo ibe indawo ephephile ngokuphelele kwabantu nasekusebenzelaneni nemvelo ehlanzekile.

Langempela usizo e-Ukraine

Inhloko EBRD ehhovisi e-Ukraine usebenza e Kiev. Abasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe siqukethe ochwepheshe best of imikhakha ehlukene emnothweni. Ilokhu walondoloza inkhulumomphendvulwano asebenzayo nge uhulumeni wombuso. A umnikelo omkhulu Ibhange European ngokwenza ibhizinisi ukuchuma ngcono isimo sezulu utshalomali. Ngo-2015, inhlangano yezimali ihlele ukutshala amaphrojekti wokuthuthukisa umnotho isimo ku-oda 3.5 dollar ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane. Izimali ngeke esichithwa amapayipi Ukrainian ukwandisa isibalo semisebenzi sokuthuthukiswa izinkampani Ukrainian kumaphrojekthi ingqalasizinda, nemfundo nezokwelapha. Lokhu kuyoba utshalomali global ukuthi uyobuyisela amabutho ithele of the state.

EBRD futhi Russian

EBRD ku isizinda izenzakalo zamuva futhi isimo somnotho eRussia ethulwa entsha, kodwa saba sibi isimo sezulu ukuthuthukiswa komnotho. Ngo-2015, ngokusho abameleli ebhange, kulindelekile ukuba wenqabe e-GDP komyalelo wokungabi 4.8%. Investment isimo okungenamsoco eliye lakhula ngemva ukunqunywa unswinyo olubhekiswe ezweni ngo-2014, kuphela zaba zimbi ngu ukwehla izindleko uwoyela. Umthengi funa Buda encishisiwe ngenxa ukwehla kwentengo lwemali kazwelonke, ngenxa ukwanda e zenzalo ubhekene nenkinga yezimali. Ayitholakali ukubolekisa okudayisa kuyoba bayehluleka ngekwetimali, imindeni okwejwayelekile, okuyinto kuzokwenza ukwehla nokunye uwile ngo-50% ngo-funa ngonyaka odlule. Ebhidlikayo umnotho Russian e 2015 ngeke abeke nomthelela ongemuhle emave lasatfutfuka lanjenge-Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan kanye Belarus, Armenia. Ngokwe umhlahlo EBRD, Russia angase awele isimo sibe sibi kakhulu uma amanani kawoyela siqhubeke bawe, futhi nge-Ukraine ukungqubuzana sibi kakhulu.