Dizontogeneza - Iyini?

Dizontogeneza - isimo lapho kukhona ngeziphambeko kusukela evamile ukwakha ubuntu esikhathini esithile ekuphileni. Kungenzeka ngasiphi yobudala. Kunezinhlobo eziningana izinhlobo zalesi simo: indlela, retardation futhi ukuhlehla. Ake sihlole kubo ngokuningiliziwe.

ekuhlehleni

Regression - ukushonelwa amakhono athile, ukukhuluma cishe, ukubuya odlule ngeleveli. Kungaba noma okwesikhashana noma unomphela, lapho kukhona ukulimala umsebenzi othile. Uhlobo lokuqala, isibonelo, zihlanganisa ukulahlekelwa ithuba ukuhambisa ngokuzimela futhi zinakekele. Lezi kwezinso kungenzeka kubangelwa okungokwenyama, idluliselwe ekuqaleni kuka ebuntwaneni.

retardation

Retardation - ukubambezeleka noma ikhefu kancane engqondweni. Kuyinto ezimbili zama: ngokugcwele (ngamanye amagama - inani) kanye ngokwengxenye (ngamanye amagama - ingxenye). Esimeni sesibili kukhona ukubambezeleka noma ikhefu kumiswa imisebenzi siqu ngabanye. Zonke izinhlobo dizontogeneza yingozi, kodwa abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuyisiqalo esibi kunazo zonke.

indlela

Okungavumelanisiwe kungukuphula, "quin" kwengqondo engalingani. Kulokhu, kukhona kusengaphambili elikhulu kumiswa ezinye izici zobuntu uqine ukubambezeleka isikhathi nesivinini nokuvuthwa yezinye izindawo. Ngenxa yalokho, kuba ngesisekelo engalingani isakhiwo ubuntu, futhi kwengqondo jikelele. Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi lesi simo futhi qualitative ngokuya ambalwa ayibukeki Heterochrony bokuphila, ngamanye amazwi, ukwakheka kwemisebenzi cerebral kanjalo nezinhlaka ngezikhathi ezihlukene.

Ukwahlukanisa sakhiwa V. Lebedinskim

Ukwahlukanisa dizontogeneza, obadalwa ngu V Lebedinsky, ikhomba lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo: umnyuziki nokungathuthuki engqondo futhi eqandisiwe, ezilimele, kusilela, siphazamisekile futhi intuthuko engalingani.

nokungathuthuki Okugcwele engqondo

Ohlobene wokuqala? misa isikhashana Okugcwele e kwengqondo, okuyinto okubonakale izilonda grey ndaba kusaqalwa. Ngakuthola kaningi. Izilonda kukhona ngofuzo patrimonial, kokubeletha futhi wathola ngokushesha nje ngemva kokuzalwa. Ngakho, hypoplasia esiyinhloko futhi olubanzi. Kakhulu uhlanekezelwe imisebenzi ephakeme (enkulumweni ethile kanye intelligence) kubuye ecindezelekile, kodwa ngezinga elincane, zokucathula (ikhono ukukhumbula, imizwa bezibona kabi amandla akhe, motility). Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi zonke izinhlobo dizontogeneza nakanjani ungameli lutho oluhle.

kwengqondo eqandisiwe

Frozen kwengqondo - ukwehla izinga kumiswa izindawo Ibhekene nemizwa kanye umsebenzi engqondweni yethu. Akuyona into engajwayelekile. Le nsizwa yayibonakala ukushwaqa ngendlela efanele usaqala yentuthuko. Lena usizi lwangempela ngaye nomkhaya wakhe. ukuthuthukiswa zilimaze izizathu ngokuvamile ngofuzo, kodwa futhi ngenxa izifo, ubuthi, ukutheleleka, ukulimala empunga ndaba. Kodwa akugcini lapho. Ngezinye izikhathi inkinga ibangelwa izici psychogenic, njengokuhlukunyezwa ebuntwaneni esibuhlungu. Uma kuze kube iminyaka emithathu, umntwana wakhulela zimo ezimbi, kungaba nomthelela omubi okuphila kwakhe kwesikhathi esizayo. Ikakhulukazi, angagcina infantilism. dizontogeneza Psychic - kungcono embi kanje ngempela.

Ezilimele kwengqondo

ukuthuthukiswa esonakele is phetho ukubhebhetheka kwezifo ezithathelwanayo, ubuthi, ukulimala sezinzwa uhlelo, umzimba kanye lezinceku izifo ubuchopho esiwohlozayo neziyaluyalu libhekene lezivakashi. Musa ukudida kulesi simo nge retardation engqondo. It ihlukile yokugcina ngalolo ingane ucala kutfutfukisa ngesikhathi nangendlela efanele, kodwa ke nayo kwenzeka okuthile, isibonelo, etheleleka, ubuthi, ubhekene umonakalo we grey ndaba, bese-ke kuholele kwezinso. Kufanele ngempela usukela ukuhlobana ukushaqeka idluliselwe nokuphazamiseka engqondweni. Dizontogeneza - lena inkinga yangempela kudingeka bathathe isinyathelo ngesikhathi esifanele.

Ukuntuleka kwengqondo

Ukuthuthukiswa kusilela is phetho of the bebancane yasekuqaleni izinhlelo ezithile: zemisipha, ezibukwayo, inkulumo nokuzwa. Engozini futhi kuhlanganisa nezingane ene-cerebral palsy futhi abanye izifo ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo umkhawulo samakhono abantu (izifo zenhliziyo, isifuba somoya, izifo endocrine kanye nabanye.). Dizontogeneza - inkinga evame ukukhathaza kwenzeka ezinganeni nempilo ebuthaka.

Aphendukezelwe ukuthuthukiswa ngemilingo

uhlobo aphendukezelwe kuyinto isethi oyinkimbinkimbi lentuthuko jikelele, umonakalo yokujama tsi futhi kusheshiswe ukuthuthukiswa imisebenzi ethile yengqondo, entailing inhlanganisela izinhlangano ehlukile sokugembula ukuthi aziyona into evamile ngoba zilwane kufakwe isithombe emtholampilo. Lena ukuphazamiseka lalivamile.

kwengqondo Kungalingani ngemazinga

intuthuko engalingani engqondo ngezindlela eziningi afana angahleliwe. Kodwa isisekelo sokuthatheka lasungulwa akuyona isimo uqobo sifo, luhambisana nomthwalo zonke izinhlobo ukwephula ubudlelwano yethebhu ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene, futhi psyche ongalingani, ikakhulukazi izindiza volitional nangokomzwelo. Lokhu intuthuko engalingani kwenzeka ezinganeni eziningi. Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi dizontogeneza - ukuphazamiseka lapho umuntu ngokuvamile kuba ehlatshwa, futhi ngenxa yalokho edinga ukusekelwa ekhethekile. Nokho, uma izihlobo akwazi ukwamukela lo mthwalo wemfanelo.