Carbonari - umphakathi imfihlo noma isimo abanethonya-mbuso ka ukunyakaza?

Omunye akusilo ngokuzinikela butholakala enqubweni eyinkimbinkimbi yokuthela zonke emlandweni womuntu, lapho ezwa igama lenkampani, zibuze umbuzo othakazelisayo: "? Carbonari - Ingubani le" Ukuze le mpikiswano eziyinkimbinkimbi, kubalulekile ukuqonda isakhiwo yayo, isigaba sabaphathi nokubonakalisa umgomo bezingelwa kubo.

Umqondo "Carbonari": amaqiniso angokomlando ezithakazelisayo

Carbonari - a enhlangano imfihlo, ezinze e-Italy. Sangomhla ka kusebenta kwato ngempumelelo kwekhulu XIX. Umgomo oyinhloko bezingelwa baleli ukunyakaza bekulokhu emzabalazweni wenkululeko kazwelonke, izwe obumbene esinganqobeki, kanye ukusungulwa amandla ngokomthethosisekelo futhi beqiniseka.

Carbonari - akuqinisekwa "ungqimba 'yomphakathi, ngoba kuba ngokuphelele Bitty ukubunjwa yabo. Phakathi Carbonari kungafaka phakathi abamele abefundisi, ababazi kanye abalimi, kanye nabasekeli umbono ovulekile Lokudabuka zasebukhosini.

izici sici umphakathi we Carbonari

Ngokwe-division isakhi Carbonari, izici isici kule nhlangano kuyinto engcwele, isigaba sabaphathi kanye khona izimpawu saziso. Ngokwesibonelo, amalahle avuthayo ingxenye okungokomoya isiko ibonisa wokuhlanza umuntu.

Njengoba sekuzoqala ukuvela kwalesi umphakathi kwakukhona degrees ezimbili eziyisisekelo yokuvula isikweleti. Lawa kwakungamadodana abafundi okuyinhloko. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, inani bezigaba ikhuphuke kakhulu, futhi esikhundleni amabili baba ayisishiyagalolunye.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Carbonari - abantu imiphefumulo nasezinhliziyweni umoya wamavukelambuso elihlala. Ubufakazi lokhu kukhona umthetho engabhaliwe we Revolution eminyakeni 1820-21 ensimini Sicilia ngo-1831 e-Italy, okuyinto iholwa Carbonari.

Wawusho ukuthini ukuhamba Carbonari?

Inhloso yalesi inhlangano eyimfihlo kwaba ukuqedwa izibalo zezombusazwe ababusi ukusungulwa inqubo yentando yeningi. Ukuvela Carbonari esizayo - ubuzalwane yabavukuzi - ngokusho emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, ihlobene ngalezi zikhathi ezilandelayo emlandweni:

• Phakathi nokubusa uFrancis I.
• ekuseni wenkathi ephakathi, okungukuthi - 11 leminyaka.
• Inkathi udweshu phakathi Ghibelline futhi Guelph.

Ngokombono zezombusazwe umbono, emhlabeni bafunde ngokulawulwa carbonara kuphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIX, ngesikhathi le ngxabano we Bourbon lwamakhosi nokubusa French e-Naples. Regulation of the French Carbonari, akungabazeki, wabolekwa umsunguli Italy lokhu kuthambekela. Carbonari eFrance walalela ubunye sibi nokuphathwa eyodwa.

Imisebenzi ka-Italian Carbonari

Carbonari ukunyakaza e-Italy iye yasungula ezifundazweni ezihlukahlukene ezaba izikhungo of Venice, Rome, Naples, eTurin IMilan Florence. Idivayisi olulodwa, lapho sithunyelwa, wayengekho. Kwakukhona "abaxhumanisi" zesikhashana kuphela owasiza ucime ukudideka futhi unikeze Yiqiniso ezivamile senzo.

umphakathi ngamunye waba necebo ocacile guqula owawuthi, futhi nenze. Kodwa ukuvumelana izenzo ezingaphazamisa banamathela zonke Carbonari isiNtaliyane, wayengekho. Amalungu ala imiphakathi wamukela imibono monarchical futhi babekulungele ukungena ukuthola ebucayini nabo. Kodwa umqondo wokuthi ngokwakha ezweni monarchical uvele kuphela ngo-1840.

Izimiso kanye nemithethonqubo Carbonari

Ngamunye amalungu alo mphakathi imfihlo kwadingeka zifa ukulalela imiyalo apharathasi elawula, futhi uma kudingeka, ukudela ukuphila kwabo.

Akungabazeki umphakathi Carbonari, kwadingeka imithetho yayo siqu, owawuthi zonke ilungu elisha wakhishwa i-diploma zokuhlonipha. Ukubukeka kwaba ngempela ezithakazelisayo futhi inguqulo ngesandla ezinamasiginesha mathupha futhi uphawu eshisayo. Esikhathini ngumgogodla ezikhungweni zomsebenzi idiploma oNgcwele Theobald lihlotshiswe igatsha eduze eqhugwaneni. Futhi ekhaveni ukuboniswa komlilo ovutha amalangabi, ihlathi evulekile, isitsha namanzi. Uma ujoyina inkampani ngayinye Carbonaro wathola tape, eyayihlanganisa ngemibala emithathu, ngamunye ezazinamacilongo isiqu. Ngokwesibonelo, umbala obomvu elifanekisela omlilo, blue - ngibheme omnyama - amalahle, kanye ukholo, ithemba futhi ubuhle.

Isidingo amalungu omphakathi babe Imali nyangazonke kuye ezingeni engenayo. Ukuze ithemba zonke lomphakathi wazala izikhali.

amaqiniso ezijabulisayo mayelana umphakathi we Carbonari

Ukuzinikela Carbonari kwaba sasivumela njalo nokuzidela, ngisho amaNtaliyane abavamile wanika ngesifungo, kubhekiselwa kuzo 'njengamadoda izwi likaJehova Carbonari. " Ububanzi Special kwaba lokukhula ndima phakathi Carbonari, okuyinto kwaba ngempela abaqhoshayo futhi onesizotha. Kwakusho ngumuntu nokushiswa amalahle. Washa zifanekisela yokuguqukela kwesinye isimo, sibonga ngalo, ilungu elisha umphakathi yaphenduka crystal kucace kusuka iphuzu ezingokomoya umbono.

Ngenxa ukugeleza Carbonari, yokuphila abonakele ezimbi iqedwe, futhi baletha akhululeke inkululeko kuzo zonke izinto.

Isakramente Ukuqalwa wenziwa ezimweni ihlathi emhlabeni gumbi ukhiphela Carbonari. Lesi senzo ukuthi kwenziwe khona nezinye amalungu omphakathi. Umuntu omusha ukubeka isikhwama futhi ithunyelwa "indawo umcabango", lapho eseneminyaka khona abantu abaye Kunconywa ke. Khona-ke ikhanda weNhlangano labetibambile bayophenywa yayo ngale ndaba zokuziphatha. Khona-ke imfundamakhwela ezikhishwe futhi ngesizotha wabingelela ukuzinikezela kwababusi Carbonari.