Bryology - isayensi lokho? I etymology kwethemu kumiswa imfundiso

Bryology - isayensi wona (bryophytes). Lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi YesiGreki "Brion" - "moss", "logo" - "yokufundisa", ngakho kwaba ukuhumusha - "isifundiso moss." Bryology - igatsha ngokulinganiswa ayemncane yesayensi, okuyinto ingenye wezitshalo. Ososayensi abathintekayo ekuhloleni wona, ngokuthi bryology.

Isihloko ndaba bryology

Noma yimuphi imfundiso yesayensi kusikisela isifundo tesifundvo. Njengoba bryology - isayensi bryophytes, isihloko isifundo sakhe kukhona kwezinhlobo eyokuqala engeka lo mkhaya izitshalo, kanye yokwakheka, morphological, kwamakhemikhali, zofuzo, kwemvelo, njengomumo womhlaba, bokuphila, izici zawo, bryology, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuhlola ukuthi kungenzeka usebenzisa wona yezokwelapha, izinjongo yasendlini.

Ukwahlukaniswa wona

Ngokusho database, ihlanganiswe njengoba ka 2010, ngokwemvelo kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-15,000 zinhlobo, izizukulwane ezingaphezu kuka 1 ayizinkulungwane nemindeni abangaphezu kuka-150 wona. Eminyakeni ethile ngaphambili, engxenyeni wezitshalo ngokuthi "bryology" (isayensi njengephuzu - ezichazwe kulesi sihloko) zonke izitshalo kukhona bryophytes, ososayensi kubhekwe njengendlela umnyango olulodwa taxon isikhundla Mosses.

Isayensi akemi namanje, ngakho kukhona amaqembu amathathu wona zikhonjwe iminyango elandelayo namuhla:
1. hornwort.
2. mossy.
3. Isibindi.

Kumiswa isayensi

Ngokokuqala ngqá ekutadisheni wona ukwenza phakathi nekhulu le-19. Bryology ngokwayo (isayensi bryophytes) kubhekwa isiyalo abasha ukuthi sekukhona ngesikhathi lapho sekungenzeka ukusebenzisa amasu ekuhloleni isakhiwo ezincane izitshalo naphakathi anobukhulu kusuka 3 kuya 50 mm. Ekuhlaziyeni isakhiwo kanye uhlelo wokwakha moss wahlanganyela I. Hedwig (Switzerland), C. kanye B. Bridel Shimper (eJalimane), D. Hooker (UK), uW Mitten (USA). Njengoba sekuzoqala usosayensi Finnish kwekhulu lama-20 V F. Broterus kwaba Ukwahlukaniswa bryophytes (futhi bryology - isayensi kubo), okuyinto isikhathi eside ayebhekwa main, kodwa kamuva ilungisiwe kancane ngenxa kungenzeka kuhlanganise izifundo yamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo.

ERussia, yaqala ekutadisheni wona phakathi nekhulu le-19: iNhlangano Geographical, esasihlanganisa sokuma E. K. Gofman nezesayenzi F. I. Rupreht futhi M. E. Tsikkendrat, wathunyelwa enyakatho Urals, bomkhankaso wakwazi ukufunda ezinye bryophytes ngisho herbarium collect, ababebalelwa eyikhulu neshumi zilwane. Eminyakeni eyikhulu kamuva, a Russian sezitshalo A. G. Shrenk esikhathini kusuka ngo-1948 kuya 1955, lo mkhankaso wokuqala kwaba enyakatho Russia, lapho ngentshiseko wafunda bryophytes (bryology - isayensi bryophytes). Usosayensi wakwazi ukuthola 25 zezitshalo, uhlobo eluhlaza ikakhulukazi.

Ukuthuthukiswa yokucabanga ngokwesayensi okwamanje

Okwamanje, iqoqo bryophytes ungakaqedi. Ngokwemibiko ethile, base 22 kuya kwezingu-27 zezinhlanzi elilinganisiwe bryophytes. Ayikaqondwa ufundwa ososayensi zindawo bryology-tropical Nenkabazwe oseningizimu.

I-herbarium elikhulu bryophytes eRussia aqiniswa izikhungo yesayensi eMoscow, eSt Petersburg, Kirovsk (Murmansk esifundeni), Vladivostok, e-Irkutsk.