Amahlamvu Oak nezithelo. Baphi izithelo kwesihlahla se-okhi

Oak endulo ukujabulele ezinhle idumela nokuduma phakathi ezahlukene abantu. Ngisho eGrisi lasendulo kuya esinesithunzi futhi ewusizo isihlahla abavikela iboshelwe unkulunkulu Apollo, igama yobuciko nesayensi. AmaSlav lasendulo babekholelwa uphawu okhi Perun, ichitha ukuduma nokunyazima kombani. Abanye abalobi ukuchaza Latin igama abajwayelekile Quercus elihambisana igama lesiGreki elisho ukuthi "olunzima." Iqiniso ukuthi izithelo kwesihlahla se-okhi phezulu embozwe esishwabene involucre inkomishi emise, ngaphandle amagxolo ku somuthi omdala inqanyulwa up by emifantwini ezijulile.

incazelo Botanical kwesihlahla se-okhi ezivamile

Uhlobo lwe kungokwalabo umndeni Oak Beech (Fagaceae). Lokhu izihlahla lezihlahla, akuvamile nezihlahla ebanzi ukusatshalaliswa endaweni. Buka evamile amahlathi lezihlahla kanye ihlathi asemaqeleni esishintshashintshayo European Russia, Western naseMpumalanga Yurophu - Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur). Ezinye izinhlobo ukuzimisela zalesi sitshalo - D. vulgaris, D. Summer, D. ngesiNgisi. Ukuphakama izihlahla zokuguga kuyinto 40-50 m, ububanzi - 1.5-2 m Age of zezinhlobo ngabanye oki eYurophu ifinyelela eminyakeni 700-2000, isibonelo, Zaporozhye futhi Stelmuzhsky oki .. D. eshiya abavamile unefomu pinnatilobate, zingabantu aluhlaza ecwebezelayo kanye obunesikhumba zivela phezulu, lemicu empunga elinamathela othini-oluhlaza ngezansi. Small okuxekethile inflorescence izimbali zakha. Esikhundleni salo emva impova kwakhiwa izithelo-nut umbala ophuzi-ensundu bands longitudinal.

Umuthi we-oki Izithelo - isithelo

kwakhiwa Cupule inkomishi emise enciphile okuyingxenye is inflorescences engajulile it has lemicu empunga elinamathela othini, anolaka ngaphandle. Isithelo kungenziwa cishe waphetha, ukufinyelela 1.5 cm ububanzi. Acorns ngokuvamile oblong, eside 2.5-3.5 cm. Isithelo oki esisetshenziswa ukusabalalisa kwezinhlobo elisetshenziswa azithathwa futhi WOKUTSHALA IZIHLAHLA ngemva sokufuna futhi.

Acorns kungenziwa itshalwe kuleli zwe, engadini, egcekeni isakhiwo ezinezitezi eziningi. Neminyaka embalwa yokuqala izithombo zikhula kancane. Khona-ke isiqu uqala ukushwaqa futhi wandise ubude, amagatsha engezansi ziphezulu off emhlabathini. Fruiting iqala kamuva, ngemva ukuhluma eminyakeni engaba ngu-15-20, kodwa kukhona ngaphezulu isikhathi kwakamuva kwe acorns. izithelo ezivuthiwe kwesihlahla se-okhi e indlela ephakathi nendawo kuvuna ekuqaleni noma maphakathi ekwindla. Ezindaweni aseningizimu imbewu workpiece bavela Okthoba kuya ku-November.

Ukubaluleka esiwusizo bohlobo lwe-Quercus izihlahla

Konke emhlabeni kabanzi kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-450 zama-okhi, abaningi babo obusetshenziswa embonini ifenisha, shipbuilding, babe ayelapha kanye umsoco. Ekhulwini leminyaka eledlule kwesihlahla se-okhi emahlathini aye ahlasela ngesihluku ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi ngenxa umhlaba wokulima, ukusetshenziswa izinkuni ukwakhiwa. On emikhawulweni iziqu bushelelezi zisasetshenziswa womshini izikebhe, imikhumbi. Sekuyisikhathi eside amagxolo izinkuni Uyi compounds umthombo-ukushuka embonini ukushuka. Amahlamvu kanye acorns kukhona udayi uvolo.

Oak izinkuni obukhulu, kanzima, amelana ukubola ngisho ezimweni ezimanzi. Umbala amahle ukuthungwa, kuyaqina kanye nezinye izakhiwo of indaba vumela kabanzi ukwakhiwa kwezindlu kanye ifenisha izimboni. Uma ngeziqu bangaphansi kwamanzi iminyaka ngaphandle ukufinyelela air, bona mnyama futhi babe aqinile ( "bog kwesihlahla se-okhi"). Ukuvumelana nezimo kanye nokuntuleka iphunga kusukela ukhuni ibhekwa njengeyigugu kakhulu ekukhiqizeni imiphongolo ngoba nogologo, utshwala, ubhiya, iwayini.

Umsoco acorns

Yiziphi izithelo esihlahleni se-okhi, okuqukethwe kwabo ikhalori - ayizikhombisi ezibalulekile ngokuzalanisa izingulube zasendle e lezihlahla namahlathi okuxubile. Kakhulu acorns okunomsoco diversify yokudla wezingulube yasekhaya, izithelo ezomisiwe nepepper uphe izinkomo, izinkukhu. Ukugcina inamba kwesihlahla se-okhi isilinganiso izingulube zasendle akufanele idlule 10-20 amakhanda 1000 ha yehlathi emasimini. Lapho ihlathi ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwezolimo imbewu sinciphile kokudla, okumenza kwakhiwa esinindolweni. Futhi izingulube zasendle izithelo esihlahleni se-okhi ikhonze njengomPristi amaprotheni ukudla, ama-raccoon, izinyamazane, Iziqophamithi Jay, esibalelwa ku-25% ukudla kwabo.

Acorns isihlahla bohlobo Quercus aqukethe ukubunjwa yabo:

• Carbohydrate - ukuze 50,4%;
• amanzi - 34,7%;
• amafutha - mayelana 4.7%;
• amaprotheni - mayelana 4.4%;
• fibre - kuze kufinyelele 4.2%;
• namaminerali - 1.6%.

Umsoco amagremu 100 acorns - kilojoule 500. ungathola 30 amagremu kawoyela lokhu ubuningi izithelo. Ufulawa acorns kufanelekile ukubhaka izinkwa, kungaba ukungezwa izitsha. Abantu abadala khumbula ukuthi impi futhi iminyaka ngemva kwempi, izithelo oki ukulondolozwa endlaleni. Omisiwe futhi phansi acorns namanje unqume ukwenza aphuze, esikhundleni lesi siphuzo ikhofi. Kuyasiza nge izinkinga zesisu kanye igazi. Ukunambitheka enhle ikhofi, kodwa okunoshukela kancane. Indoda ejwayele elimnandi arabica okusanhlamvu, isiphuzo isithelo akayithandi. Hileleka akufanele, tannins kungathikameza kabi umsebenzi izinso.

Ilungiselela ikhofi isithelo nofulawa kuhlanganisa sifakwe emanzini, iphele ngo-ilanga, kuhhavini noma epanini ukuthosa. Inani tannin kungenziwa kunqunywa ubukhulu involucre, ezincane isivalo inkomishi emise kwi isithelo, ephansi okuqukethwe kwe-tannic acid.

amahlamvu Oak nezithelo wendabuko imithi

amagatsha Bunched lomuthi namahlamvu - izesekeli nezidumile zokugeza Russian. Kukholakala ukuthi Amahlumela-oak kufanele asebenzise abantu eziqinile kuphela. Wide leaf blades ibe nomthelela ekubeni ukudonsa okusheshayo umusi ashisayo emzimbeni. Hashaza emva okugeza noma eshaweni wasebenzisa decoction amaqabunga. Lokhu kusho, ecebile tannins, it has elwa namagciwane kanye nomphumela eqeda ukuvuvukala. amahlamvu kukhiwa esihlahleni nobe lomisiwe ukuthi triturated esigqulweni, futhi ngokusebenzisa amanxeba ekuqaleni ngoba magciwane.

Rich in compounds okwelapha ukukhonkotha esihlahleni se-okhi. Ukuze ukulungiselela ezithaka imithi iyasikwa ezihlahleni abasha esikhathini ubisi ukugeleza, omisiwe nepepper. A decoction we amagxolo isetshenziselwa gastro-emathunjini neziyaluyalu, mouthwashes nomphimbo, induna, okugeza ngoba izifo zesikhumba.

Powder kusuka isithelo omisiwe abantu sinenai zokwelapha njengenhlangano agent elwa namagciwane kanye isinqandakuvunda. Nepepper futhi iphekwé ngamanzi kwesihlahla se-okhi izithelo isetshenziswa izifo kohlelo urinary, ukuqeda isifo sohudo. Thatha lokhu abantu ikhambi ukuze ahlanze umzimba ubuthi, umzimba ngcono, ubuhlungu emphinjeni nesihudo.

ukusetshenziswa se-okhi * ingadi, landscape design

Amalungu bohlobo Quercus kabanzi ingadi nemizana, ezisemadolobheni ephezulu liphumele namagceke farmhouses. Groves, iindawo, zezinhlobo wodwa kanjani oki kuhlobisa amapaki. Elikhulu amahlamvu ikhiphe oluyingozi ukukhiqizwa okuningi, yokuhlanza emoyeni. Summer-oak zinhlobo elachithwa ngokuphelele amaqabunga ayo ekwindla. Efihlekile zakuqala - ngo-Ephreli. Ihamba zenyathi ebusika avele ekupheleni April noma ngo-May, ukuwa wome, kodwa ningaweli ebusika.

Eminyakeni yamuva, i-banda abantu abanesithakazelo kuyi ukusetshenziswa se-okhi * isakhiwo oluhlaza. Esinye sezizathu esiyindilinga amasha wokuduma - ukudalwa amafomu okuhlobisa umqhele pyramidal, cultivars, ngasekupheleni bechitha amaqabunga awo. Ngaphansi isihlahla se-oki esihlahleni esisodwa ensimini zingahlukaniswa zibe umbhede imbali ka primrose noma violets. Kubukeka amahle ngokumelene isiqu amnyama beaters mnene ukhuni Anemone.

Ukusetshenziswa se-okhi * izithelo imfundo ngezinjongo zokufundisa

Enkulisa izingane enkulumweni ekilasini ngezinzuzo izihlahla, kanjani ngokuthi izithelo kwesihlahla se-okhi, yimuphi kubo kungenziwa. Ojahidada nabafundi abancane fun ukuqoqa acorns semisebenzi yokudala, imidlalo, obuciko ngokudala izingoma ngezinto zemvelo. Lapho omiswe izithelo akusho ufa, kuphela Cupule ke akaphinde asibalele. Acorn kungaba lubhoboze inaliti, umdlalo bambeke izibalo zabantu nezilwane, ubuhlalu. Abafundi besikole samabanga aphakeme ezikoleni zasemaphandleni kanye Abanakekeli bamahlathi kwesihlahla se-okhi kuvuna izithelo azithathwa futhi Ukuvuselela Uhlaza Lwehlathi ndawo yabo.

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo ezihlobene izithelo kwesihlahla se-okhi

Kumiswa isivuno sokuqala egcwele izithelo esihlahleni is in the engu-50 ubudala. Umuthi we-oki Centennial kuveza isilinganiso sonyaka ayizinkulungwane 2.2. acorns. Imila ibe isihlahla esisha eyodwa kuphela isithelo 10 th. Kubalulekile futhi, njengoba izithelo oki isicelo nokusakaza lezi zilwane. Uma acorns zitshalwa enhlabathini ukulungele ngokukhethekile futhi unakekele ipulazi, izinga ukuhluma luyanda.

Oak e izinganekwane lezizwe ezihlukahlukene lihlotshaniswa amandla, ukuphila isikhathi eside, isibindi ezehlukile empini.

Phakathi kwempi yezwe yesibili ngo-Japan, abafundi baqoqa ezingaphezu kuka-1 million amathani acorns. Lokhu kwasindisa labantu endlaleni e ukwehla zokukhiqiza kanye nokuhlinzekwa irayisi.

Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke lesikhumbuzo isithelo ukufakwa eNyakatho neMelika e Raleigh (North Carolina). ukuphakama kwalo 3 m, isisindo - ezingaphezu kuka-0.5 m.

Ngokusho yetinsita Russian Tsar uPeter Omkhulu yajikijela isithelo, ukuhamba ogwini eGulf of Finland kuya enyakatho-ntshonalanga Petersburg. Lo mcimbi anikelwe lesikhumbuzo kungabonwa endaweni yokungcebeleka budebuduze edolobhaneni. Kunelanga. Acorn kokuzihlanganisa kusuka zensimbi igibele ezonini oluhlaza eduze komgwaqo ku- ebhishi.