"ACT-HIB" (umgomo): imiyalelo yokusetshenziswa. Umgomo wokulwa nokutheleleka kwe-Hib

Kuze kube manje, enye yezingozi ezibaluleke kakhulu ezisongela impilo yezingane ezincane yi-infection ye-hemophilic (HIB). Ikhula ngokushesha futhi ingaholela emiphumeleni eyingozi kakhulu, kuze kube nomphumela obulalayo. Ngakho-ke, maduzane ezweni lakithi, izingane kanye nabanye abantu abadala bajojelwa ngezidakamizwa ezivimbela phambili - "ACT-HIB" (umgomo). I-Russia yayifaka ikhalenda yayo ye-inoculation kuphela ngo-2011.

Iyini ukutheleleka kwe-hemophilic?

Ibhethri edala ukutheleleka kwe- hemophilic ibizwa ngokuthi iHaemophilus influenzae, noma i-wand ka-Afanasyev-Pfeiffer. Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezingu-6 zale ndoda, kodwa eyingozi kunazo zonke uhlobo lwenduku b. Kubangela ukugula okukhulu kanye nezinkinga eziqhubekayo. Abantu abadala abangama-85% nabantwana abangu-35-40% bangabathwali beHaemophilus influenzae. Lesi sibalo sikhulu kakhulu, kodwa lokhu akumangazi, ngoba i-hemophilia iyisigaba sama-pathogens afanelekile, ngakho-ke ukuba khona kwayo emzimbeni ngemali encane kuthathwa njengokujwayelekile.

Iphesenti eliphakeme kakhulu labathwali bokutheleleka kwe-Hib kubonakala ezinkulisa, cishe 5%. Lesi sifo sidluliselwa ngamaconsi emvelo, ngakho ingozi yokutheleleka ezindaweni zomphakathi iphezulu kakhulu. Enkulisa, lokhu kutheleleka kungadluliselwa ezintweni zasendlini: izitsha, amathawula namathoyizi. Ubukhulu besifo buxhomeke ukuthi zingaki amabhaktheriya angene emzimbeni. Ngomuntu omncane kakhulu uba ngumthwali, kanti ukushaywa okukhulu kuqala ukuthuthukisa isifo. Futhi nakuba ukutheleleka kwenziwa okungabonakali, ukukhubazeka kancane kancane kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kuzomenza ngokushesha kwaziwe ngesifo esiyingozi esithathelwanayo.

Ukutheleleka kwe-Hemophilic ngokuvamile kuthinta izingane ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya eminyakeni emihlanu. Iminyaka eyingozi kunazo zonke ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo ivela ezinyangeni ezingu-6 kuya kwezingu-12, ngakho-ke umuthi "AKT-HIB" (umgomo) udinga kakhulu kule nkathi.

Iyini ingozi yokutheleleka kwe-hemophilia?

"UMTHETHO-HIB" (umuthi wokugoma) awukhuthazwanga ngokungahlonishwa odokotela bezingane, ngoba ukutheleleka nge-immunity okumele buthakathaka kungabangela izinkinga eziningi ezinzima, njenge:

• I-Meningitis - ibangela ukulimala okukhulu kobuchopho, iphesenti yokufa kwalesi sifo iphakeme kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nabanye, yi-15%;
• I-Epiglottitis - lesi sifo singabangela ukuphefumula, okungukuthi, ukuqubuka;
• I-pneumonia - lesi sifo, esibangelwa ukutheleleka kwe-hemophilic, sibonakala ngokuvuza okukhulu kakhulu kanye nengxenye ephezulu yokufa;
• I-Sepsis - nakuba ibonakala ingavamile, kodwa inemiphumela emibi;
• I-brronchitis - engeyona eyingozi njenge-pneumonia, kodwa igcwele ukushintshwa kwifomu elingapheli;
• I-Otitis - ngokuvuza okunamandla kusongela izithulu ezingafanele.

Lokhu akusho ukuthi ukutheleleka kwe-Hib kubangela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-ARI ne-arthritis. Ukukhohliswa kokutheleleka kwe-hemophilia ukuthi isibonakaliso sokuqala ezikhathini eziningi asikhathazi abazali. Izimpawu zomtholampilo, njengombuso, zibonakala ngisho nalapho kubonakala izinkinga. I-b-uhlobo b imelene kakhulu nemithi elwa namagciwane, ngakho kubangela ubunzima obuningi ekwelapheni ukutheleleka kwe-hemophilia (HIB). Umgomo awuqinisekisi ukuthi ingane ngeke igule, kodwa izosiza ukunciphisa inkinga yesifo.

Umgomo

"ACT-HIB" (umgomo) okhishwe inkampani yaseFrance "uSanofi Pasteur". Ibhaliswe eRussia ngo-1997, kuze kube ngu-2010 umgomo wokulwa nokutheleleka kwe-Hib wafakwa ngokuzithandela. Ekupheleni kuka-2010, ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lezehlakalo, lifakwe kwikhalenda lokugoma ngesisekelo somthetho.

"ACT-HIB" - umgomo, ukubuyekezwa kwawo okuphikisana kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, kunconywa kakhulu kubazali abanezingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezincane ezisemakhakheni alandelayo engozi:

• Izinsana zangaphambi;
• Izingane ezisendlini yokudla okufakelwayo;
• Izingane ezinesifo sokuzivikela ezibuthakathaka, zijwayele ukushisa;
• Izingane ezinezifo ezingelapheki, ngenxa yokuthi umzimba wazo awukwazi ukulwa nezifo;
• Izingane eziya ezifundeni zomphakathi zomphakathi.

"UMTHETHO-HIB" (umuthi wokugoma) awutholakali kuphela izingane, kodwa futhi nabantu abadala ababhekene ne-immunodeficiency.

Umuthi wokugoma usebenza kanjani?

Ukulungiswa kwe-hemophilic kudalwa ngesisekelo se-antigen ephuthele, exhunywe ne-molecule ye- tetanus toxoid amaprotheni . Ayinayo i-type B influenzae i-haemophilus amabhaktheriya ngakho-ke ayikwazi ukuvusa lesi sifo. Ukuhlanganisa i-antigen neprotheyini kuxazululwe izinkinga eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa:

• Izingane zaziphikisana namabhaktheriya;
• Kwaphumela ekunciphiseni i-reactogenicity yomgogodla futhi yenza kube ephephile kakhulu.

Umuthi wokugoma we-Hemophilus uma uqhathaniswa nezifanekiselo zawo, futhi kukhona okunye okubili - imithi "Hiberix" ne "Pentaxim", yahamba ngezifundo eziningi zemitholampilo, imiphumela yayo engaphezu kokwaneliseka. Kutholakale ukuthi ukuzivikela komzimba okwenziwe emntwaneni kugcinwa iminyaka emine. Leligebe liwanele, ngoba ngonyaka wesihlanu wokuphila ingane iqala ukukhiqiza inani elifanele lama-antibodies ngokulwa nokutheleleka kwe-Hib.

Lolu hlobo lokugoma aluhilelanga nje ukuvikelwa komuntu siqu ekutheleleni, kodwa futhi luqinisa ukuzivikela komzimba. Ucwaningo oluqhutshwe lwafakazela ukuthi ezikoleni zasenkulisa ngosizo lokugoma inani lemiphumela linganciphisa kusuka ku-40 kuya ku-3.

Isikhathi sokugoma

Umgomo "ACT-HIB", umyalelo wokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kuwo wonke udokotela, unikezwa izinsana, kusukela ezinyangeni ezimbili. Uma ukugoma kokuqala kwenziwa engxenyeni yokuqala yokuphila kwengane, uhlelo lubukeka kanje:

• Isikhathi sokuqala - umgomo ubeka ngosuku olubekiwe;
• Isikhathi sesibili - ukugoma okuphindaphindiwe kwenziwa ngezinsuku ezingu-30-45;
• Isikhathi sesithathu - ukugoma kokugcina kuqokwa ngonyaka owodwa emva kokuqala.

Uma ukugonywa kokuqala kunikezwa engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka, uhlelo, ngokufanele, izinguquko, okungukuthi, isigaba esisodwa sisuswa kuso futhi imishanguzo yenziwa ngekhefu lenyanga eyodwa. Uma umgomo uphelelwa emva konyaka, umjovo ongu-1 ukwanele.

"UMTHETHO-HIB" ungumgomo, umyalelo okudingeka ulandele ngokuqinile emithethweni. Umjovo wenziwa nge-intramuscularly noma ngaphansi kwesisu. Amantombazane angakaphenduki iminyaka emibili ubudala, umjovo ujova phambi kwethanga, izingane ezindala zibe ehlombe, noma kunalokho zibe semisipha ye-deltoid.

Izici nokubunjwa

E-Russia, enye yemithi evikelekile kakhulu futhi elula kakhulu iyigciwane "AKT-HIB". Ukufundiswa, ukubuyekezwa kwamadokotela angaphandle nakwaseRussia bathi le mithi ivumelekile ukuba ixutshwe ngesirinji esisodwa neminye imithi, isibonelo, nomgomo wokuvikela i-DTP. Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zalesi sifo zihlanganisa lezi zici ezilandelayo:

• Ngokuvamile ayiniki imiphumela emibi, ngakho-ke ivunyelwe izingane kusukela ekuzalweni;
• Inikeza usizo olukhulu ekuthuthukiseni inani elidingekayo lama-antibodies;
• Igcina ukuzivikela komzimba isikhathi eside;
• Kubonisa imiphumela emihle ekulwa ngenduku yensimbi b.

I-Hemophilus ukuhlanganiswa iphumelela ngenxa yezakhi ezikhona ekubunjweni, okunomsebenzi ophezulu. Lezi yizi:

• I-Sucrose;
• I-chloride ye-sodium;
• Amanzi ayenziwe ngomjovo;
• I-Trometamol;
• I-polysaccharide iphrotheni iphrotheni.

Ukwakheka okunjalo kuvumela ukugcina amasosha omzimba esesimweni esifanele, ngisho nasezincane kunazo zonke izingane.

Ukusabela komzimba ukugoma kanye nezinkinga

"UMTHETHO-HIB" umgomo ophikisana kalula. Cishe kuzo zonke izimo, ukuzivikela komzimba kuphendula ngokwanele umjovo, kuphela amaphesenti amancane okusebenza ngokugonywa akwanele. Indlela yokuzivikela yokulwa nesifo isakhiwe zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-14 emva kokuphathwa. Abantu abangaphezu kwezingu-90% abagonywe kugcinwa ezingeni elifanayo kusuka eminyakeni emi-4 kuya kwemihlanu.

Ngokuvamile, ukusebenzisa umgomo akuvimbeli noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi, kwezinye izimo, ukubomvu, ukuvuvukala, noma izicubu eziqiniswayo kwisayithi yokujola kungenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umjovo ungabangela izinkinga ezilandelayo:

• I-Edemas;
• Ukubamba;
• Rash;
• Ukuvota;
• Ukukhathazeka nokukhala isikhathi eside;
• Ukushisa komzimba okwandisiwe;
• I-Urticaria;
• Ukudumala.

Njengomthetho, lezi zimpawu ziyabonakala lapho imithi emibili ixutshwe. Idlula ngaphandle komkhondo ngaphandle kokungenelela kwezokwelapha usuku. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukwethulwa komgogodla kungabangela ukwanda kwesikhashana phakathi kokunyakaza kokuphefumula ezinganeni. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezinganeni zangaphambi kwesikhathi ezelwe ngaphambi kweviki lama-28.

Ukulungiselela ukugoma

Ukuze ugweme ukucindezeleka, ukwethulwa komuthi wokugoma we-hemophilic, kanye nanoma yikuphi, kudingeka ulungiselele. Ngenxa yalokhu kuyadingeka ukuba uxoxe nodokotela noma udokotela wezingane ozoya khona futhi uchaze yonke imininingwane edingekayo mayelana nezakhiwo nemiphumela emibi yomuthi. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokugoma okuhlongozwayo, kufanele:

• Ukuqhuba ukuhlolwa okugcwele nodokotela;
• Vikela ingane ekuxhumaneni nabantu abagulayo;
• Uma ingane isondla ubisi lwebele, umama akufanele akhiphe ukudla okusha ekudleni kwakhe - lokhu kubhekene nokuphendula okwehlukile.

Umzimba womuntu ngamunye uphendula ngokuhlukile ku-inoculation. Ukusiza noma ukugwema ukusabela okungalindelekile, kunconywa ukuthi:

• Ngemuva kokugoma, hlala ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwezokwelapha isigamu sehora;
• Yenza ukuhamba kwansuku zonke, kodwa ezindaweni lapho kungekho isixuku esikhulu sabantu, kuphela kule ndlela kungenzeka ukuvimbela ukutheleleka nge-infection;
• Izinsuku ezintathu zokuqala zokugeza ingane zingenziwa ngaphansi kwewashi kungabi ngaphezu kwemizuzu engama-3;
• Ukukhipha ukwethulwa kwemikhiqizo emisha ekudleni komntwana noma kumama.

Ukugoma kwe-Hemophilus kungabangela ukwelashwa kumakhemikhali ngabanye, ngakho-ke ngezinhloso zokuvikela udinga ukuthatha izidakamizwa ngokuthi "Suprastin" noma "Zodak" (ngokuncoma kukadokotela).

Ukungafani

Ngokwemiyalo, umgomo uphethwe:

• Abantu abanokungaboni ngaso sonke isikhathi izingxenye zomuthi;
• Izingane ezinezifo ezithathelwanayo kulo mgomo noma ezinye izigungu;
• Izingane ezine-reactionergic reaction to tetayus toxoid.

Ukuze uhlanganise ngokugcwele izingxenye zokulungiselela umzimba kufanele ube nempilo enhle ngokuphelele.

Ifomu nemibandela yokugcina umgomo

Ibhodlela lomuthi kanye nesirinji esinesixazululo somjovo siyatholakala emaphaketheni ashubile. Ukuthengwa kwalesi sidakamizwa kuvunyelwe kuphela ezikhungweni zezokwelapha.

Ama-ampoules agcinwa ngomuthi wokugoma esiqandisini, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme liyi-2-8 degrees Celsius. Uma lesi sidakamizwa sigcinwa emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ilahlekelwa yizindawo eziningi ezisebenzayo. Isikhathi sokusetshenziswa komgogodla uneminyaka emithathu, emva kwalokho ilahlwa.