Vardzia, Georgia: umlando, ezikhangayo nezithombe

Ukuhamba udlula Georgia, akunakwenzeka ukuvakashela le ndoda eyenziwe isimangaliso Inkathi Golden Age - wangempela emhumeni edolobheni, oqoshiwe zibe amathumbu amawa olunothile.

Han imihubhe kufihlwe ekujuleni isiboshwa, i sezindela endala nge iqoqo eliyingqayizivele eqoshiwe futhi cishe eyinkulungwane yomlando - ke Vardzia. Georgia kuyinto kufanele uyaziqhenya amasayithi yayo omkhulukazi zomlando zibalwa kuye eziningi zasendulo esivelele kunazo zonke izakhiwo lasendulo namasiko wezwe kazwelonke.

Ancient Vardzia - dot egqamile ibalazwe Georgia yesimanje

Ayisebenzi Vardzia (Georgia) eduze komngcele Turkish eningizimu, eduze nedolobhana eponymous eduze Akhalkalaki esifundazweni Samtskhe-Javakheti. Umgede Monastery welula esigodini olunothile of the River Kura (Mtkvari Georgian), nazo zonke izinhlangothi sizungezwe ezintabeni ngokubabazekayo eCaucasus. Ngo nobukhulu Javakheti Plateau liphuma eweni Erusheti (eyahunyushwa isuselwa imisindo Georgian efana Bear Intaba), pitted lace emhumeni ukuvuleka futhi manholes Twisty sezindela sasendulo.

Umsuka edume igama lomuzi

Etymology igama sonorous Vardzia ukuchaza ezinganekwaneni eziningi zasendulo. uthando olukhethekile Georgians ukujabulele legend ukuthi lisitshela ngesikhulu esithile uTamara kancane, ukudlala, yena nomalume wakhe emihumeni Isigodlo bazakha. Ukulahlekelwa emehlweni intombazane, le ndoda yaqala ukuba uqalaza, futhi ngaleso sikhathi okweqanda abasha kungazelelwe yavela ngemva kwakhe, khuluma nesimemezelo 'Ak-Var, Dzyan "(Ngilapha, uMalume!). ngokuvumelana Imnandi ngakho emehlweni enkosi, George, kangangokuthi wanquma ukuqamba indodakazi yakhe Fortress amazwi, inkazimulo indlovukazi esizayo.

Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, yona evame ukuqonda isici anamathele mlando, igama Vardzia livela "varjam" Persian - njengoba namaPheresiya ngokuthi izakhamuzi Georgia lasendulo.

Umlando kokwakhiwa izinqaba lasendulo

Umlando eziyinkimbinkimbi sezindela ageleza ekujuleni XII leminyaka, nokubusa seNdlovukazi uTamara, ngubani kube yilolu suku ihlonipha wonke Georgia. Umgede idolobha Vardzia Yakhiwa njengoba uthango okuthembekile yakhelwe ukuvikela Borjomi Gorge ku nenkani amaMongol southerners. Uhlelo engokwemvelo emihumeni komhlaba Mount Erusheti enikeziwe isisekelo esihle kakhulu esizayo inqaba ungenakunqotshwa, ukwakhiwa zazo sase siqalile phakathi nokubusa George III, futhi baqhubeka indodakazi yakhe edume uTamara.

Uma Isigodlo ukuthi ngokuphelele kufihlwe yembathani edwaleni, ngokuxhumana ne-kobuso uxhaxha izindinyana ngomshoshaphansi. Eziqine emlandweni kulezi zindawo ukuzamazama komhlaba kuleyo ndawo kuleli ngasekupheleni kwekhulu XIII, wehliswa engxenyeni engaphandle ye-ayibeka emthambekeni wentaba, ukwambulwa ngaphambilini ezingabonwayo yisitha, izakhiwo edolobheni ethempelini.

Ukuchithwa nokuvuka kwakhe okwalandela Vardzia

Ekhulwini elandelayo, izwe laphangwa ngokuphindaphindiwe amaMongol futhi Persian wamabutho by, kuhlanganise ezilimele futhi Vardzia. Georgia uyakhumbula umlilo ngobukhulu, ohlelwe namaPheresiya, ngo-1551. Lokhu inhlekelele kwabulala izindela we Isigodlo, kodwa, kuyindida ukuthi kuqinisekiswe ukungafi umhlobiso eziyingqayizivele yesigodlo. Afihliwe ngaphansi nemidwebo umule futhi yasezindongeni ngasinda ngokuphepha.

Ukuthunjwa inqaba ekhulwini XVI, abaseTurkey possessed kule ndawo iminyaka engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili, futhi phakathi naleso sikhathi indlu yezindela wahlala lingenamuntu. Ngemva kwamakhulu amabili eminyaka, amabutho Russian labuye layithatha kusukela uMbuso WaseTurkey, umuzi wasendulo, futhi ngaphansi nemengamo zethempeli lasendulo futhi inkinga yayisenhliziyweni ukuphila.

Namuhla Vardzia - ngenkuthalo wavakashela yizivakashi we Georgian National Monument futhi kulezizinsuku Isigodlo ukusebenza. Break lokuqala nangemva kwamakhulu eminyaka okungazi izimfundiso kwakuzwakala ezindongeni zethempeli 80s sekwephuzile.

Kusukela ngo-2004, Ministry of Culture ihlelwe sokubuyiselwa wezwe, ngesikhathi lapho abuyiselwe ukwaba uhlelo concreted wenza izimfa isikhathi. Ngezinjongo zokuphepha, izindela futhi izivakashi kwakhiwa yokugcizelela struts. Kubhekwe ekufakweni emhumeni idolobha phezu UNESCO.

Kuvele wobuciko ezakhiwo Georgia medieval

Ngakho-ke yini Vardzia emangalisayo? Georgia has a lot of emhumeni zezindela nezakhiwo, kodwa le ndawo ekhethekile ngempela. Lokhu idolobha komhlaba, izakhiwo omkhulukazi futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi enchanting uhlelo! Multistorey Vardzia eziyinkimbinkimbi kuhlanganisa emihumeni engaphezu kweyisithupha, nasemigedeni odabuka yemvelo kanye eyenziwe, zixhunywe inethiwekhi ezitaladini nemihubhe, kusale 800 metres ubude namamitha angaphezu kwangu-50 entabeni.

Ithempeli eziyinkimbinkimbi kuhlanganiswe amabandla nanhlanu, inhliziyo okwakukhona futhi manje kukhona ithempeli elihle kakhulu elalizothatha ka kweNyuka the Virgin. Ngaphezu izakhiwo zenkolo, le Ensemble yezakhiwo edolobheni idwala kuhlanganisa izakhiwo zokuhlala kanye Umbuso indawo, emahholo okudlela, imitapo, zokugeza futhi ngilulekela ngoba 3.5 km kwamanzi agelezayo.

Esimeni usongo webutho lezempi ungenakunqotshwa inqaba vaults angazamukela abantu ayizinkulungwane 20 ukumelana ekuvinjezelweni eside, futhi ehola out Imigudu ezintathu imfihlo izothumela amasosha Georgian kusimangaze nokuhlaselwa amabutho empi isitha.

Izikhangibavakashi emhumeni eziyinkimbinkimbi

Uma nicela noma yini Georgians, okuyinto uphikisana izimbangela kuzo ukuziqhenya ngempela, abaningi uzokuphendula: Vardzia. Georgia (lapho abadumile emhumeni eziyinkimbinkimbi, siyatshelwa ekuqaleni isihloko) Kuhlelembisa Isigodlo phakathi izindawo ezinonileyo isithakazelo.

Namuhla kuba kahle igcinwe luhlobo kwamasiko, ifakwe ugesi, izitebhisi ukhululekile kunabaqaphi ephephile. Umnyango omkhulu ongena edolobheni emhumeni encane umbhoshongo-isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi, eyakhiwa ngemva kokuzamazama komhlaba mlando. Lolu hlobo emnyango ongaphambili okuholela esontweni emaphakathi kweNyuka ngokufanele endaweni mainsail ivulekile. Okuthwesa umqhele womusa odongeni yasezindongeni layo eliyingqayizivele ngobuso santa, Queen uTamari noGeorge III kukhona ongowenani elikhulu kwezobuciko. I vaults wethempeli zipendwe izigcawu bendabuko waseBhayibhelini. Ngokusho yetinsita khona bangcwatshwa Queen uTamara.

Church of kweNyuka itholakala ekujuleni emadwaleni, ngaphandle ungabona kuphela lwaleli kompheme, altare efihla yokuquba sinyathelo ekamelweni elincane izitsha kanye izembatho ethempelini. emihubheni Esincane kuholele kufihlwe ezinzulwini womhume idolobha amanye amabandla amancane emathempelini, kodwa lapha isiphethu encane enikeza amanzi Isigodlo ukusebenza, lapho namuhla ukuphila izindela mayelana nanhlanu.

Okunjalo Vardzia olunothile (Georgia). Izikhangibavakashi kulendawo azigcini Isigodlo ubudala. Esikhathini eduze kwedolobha idwala nazane nge umlando izinqaba kanye Tmogvi Khertvisi, vakashela lombhishobhi X leminyaka Kumurdo ukuvakashelwa nakakhulu lasendulo emhumeni sezindela Vanis Kvabebi.

Vardzia (Georgia): kanjani ukuba uthole emhumeni yedolobha sezindela

Uma ukhetha indlela wahambela Vardzia, uqale uhambo okungcono kusuka edolobheni eliseningizimu ye Akhaltsikhe. Ungasebenzisa isevisi imoto eqashiwe bese complex emhumeni bebodwa. Lolu hambo kuthatha ihora. Futhi kusukela edolobheni Shuttle "Akhaltsikhe (Georgia) - Vardzia". Kuphi ukuhlala ngamaholide? Ukukhetha unayo ezinkulu. Ngokuvamile, abahambi kuthiwa indawo eziningi isivakashi-izindlu esifundeni Samtskhe-Javakheti. Ungakwazi nichithe ubusuku emahhotela amancane, emahostela noma ezindlini aqashiwe kwalesi sigodi.

Budebuduze eziyinkimbinkimbi sezindela wavulwa, ehhotela elithokomele lesimanje nge yokudlela Vardziarezot, ukunikela umbono omuhle edolobheni emhumeni. Ikakhulukazi emehlweni umxhwele ebusuku - Isigodlo esikhanyayo nge izibani. Ezinye izivakashi uthanda ukuhlala etendeni noma ubusuku emoyeni olunothile Georgian.

amaphuzu ezithakazelisayo izivakashi

• Umgede idolobha wumphakathi unyaka wonke, umsebenzi - kusuka amahora 9 kuya 19. On ukuhlolwa lonke emhumeni eziyinkimbinkimbi kuzothatha okungenani amahora 2,5-3. Ticket Inani - 3 gel (cishe $ 100) abadala, ithikithi zezingane - 1 gel.
• Avakashele komhlaba Isigodlo? Ungabi kahle ukuze Thenga kakhulu flashlight - imihubhe eziningi izindima eziyinkimbinkimbi izikhwebu ebumnyameni njengomuzi ongangeneki.
• Emhumeni pretty cool ngisho izinsuku ehlobo kushisa, uya ngakho endleleni, qiniseka ukuthatha izingubo ezifudumele.
• Izinkambo Ukuqondiswa kule eziyinkimbinkimbi sezindela Vardzia baphathe utholakala cishe kuwo wonke ama-ejensi travel eGeorgia.

Uma uhlela uhambo olujabulisayo futhi ulwazi ngokusebenzisa omunye izingxenye amazwe ayengaphansi kweSoviet eminingi yasendulo - okukhethayo Vardzia (Georgia). Photo ubambe ongezansi we komhlaba Isigodlo kanye ezintabeni ezizungezile ngeke sijabulise futhi unike zayijabulela iminyaka eminingi ezayo.