Uyini ibhasi PCI?

Amathrendi ku ekusungulweni kobuchwepheshe bokuthuthukisa ikhompyutha zisobala - kuba ubunye, yokuncishiswa for abakhiqizi (encishisiwe phezulu) bese kuhlanganiswa inchumbi kumadivayisi amaningi in iphasela single. Akukho lutho isimanga eqinisweni lokuthi iningi abasebenzisi lanamuhla, Wabasaqalayo alazi ukuthi PCI ibhasi. Labo abayithola ngesikhathi kumiswa amakhompyutha IBM-ehambisanayo ngesisekelo 286, 386 njalonjalo. Uhlelo, akungabazeki, bakukhumbule ukuchichima amathayi ehlukahlukene hardware interface esetshenziswa lwezinhlelo zama-computer langaleso sikhathi. Lona abadumile-8-bit ibhasi ISAYA ke iqedwa VLB (eyaziwa ngokuthi UVesa), PCI ibhasi, Isixhumi ozinikele software Intel imodemu, AGP, nokunye. Futhi bonke, ngaphandle ezingavamile, kwakudingeka. Kodwa manje umbadlana emangalisayo "ubumpofu" - kuphela eyodwa ibhasi PCI Express, Nokho, izinhlelo ezibukeziwe ezahlukene kanye nezinombolo ezahlukene isignali imigqa. Maye, ukukhokhela ubunye ezinjalo, ngomqondo ongokoqobo, kubalulekile ukuba umsebenzisi sekupheleni. Phela, ngisho uma ikhona, ngokwesibonelo, eliphezulu ikhadi umsindo, okuyinto PCI kudivayisi yakho, kumane nje ndawo ukuba ixhunywe (adapters ungakhululekile ungabali), futhi kudingeka bathenge version isondo ehlukile noma, ngaphezulu ngokuvamile, hamba ku, uveze amaqiniso njengoba enjalo kunemaphutsa, isixazululo ehlangene. Isimo okusikhumbuza indaba "abantu ngempoqo" ukudlulisa yonke AGP ukuze PCI-E.

Yini idume kangaka ibhasi PCI? Umlando walo sihlehlela emuva ngo-1991, lapho ukuvela elikhiqizayo ekilasini Pentium processor, kwaba sobala ukuthi ezivamile-8-bit ISAYA abakwazi ukunikeza i izinga elamukelekayo ukuxhumana kuzo zonke izingxenye ndawonye. Khumbula ukuthi ngesikhathi, akuzange kube khona DMI, noma Hyper Ezokuthutha kanye uxhumano izingxenye phezu umbadlana kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ibhasi uhlelo. Nakuba kuye kwazanywa ukugwema imikhawulo le ISAYA, isibonelo, futhi kwakungekho ibhasi UVesa, kodwa ngenxa yemikhawulo ngeke zilunge.

Ngo-1992, Intel PCI ibhasi laqanjwa version 1.0 ku-standard evulekile. imvamisa yayo iwashi mkhulu ngesikhathi 33 MHz (okuyinto imvamisa uyakekela lula CPU), kuncike ukuqaliswa hardware, ukusekelwa 32 noma 64 izingcezu (uma kuqhathaniswa ne-8-bit ISAYA). Voltage idatha imigqa kwaba 5 3.3, kanye komkhawulokudonsa kwaba 133 MB. Futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, kuye kwaba isekela Plug & Play (jumper off!).

kwakukhona inguqulo ethuthukisiwe ye 2.0 ngo-1993.

Amapholisa athi ibhasi le PCI uye ayedumile international kusukela ngo-1995 (inguqulo 2.1). Kuye ukuqaliswa imvamisa kwaba 66 MHz. Uma usebenzisa okufana 64 bhithi ephethwe ngokusebenzisa le 533MB ukudluliswa isondo. Windows 95 layilamula, ekugcineni, ukuqinisekisa ngokugcwele ukusebenza efanele kumadivayisi PCI nge Plug & Play ubuchwepheshe. Esiginali imigqa avumele ukuba ngithuthe 5V ukuba 3.3V

Okulandelayo it wadedelwa wokubuyekeza 2.2 - 3.0. Isixhumi version 2.2 kwadingeka ukuphatha "isihluthulelo" ukuthi sivimba ukufakwa amadivayisi akuhambisani voltage. Lo mbhalo uyaqhubeka 2.3 kuya 3.3 V, ngakho ukusetshenziswa kwamadivaysi anjalo izinguqulo 2.1 Imiphumela (5) e ukulimala amakhadi futhi ngezinye izikhathi ithayi. Esikhathini 3.0 version 5 V ayisasetshenziswa.

Ngo-1997, PCI kwadingeka ukuba kabili njengesu lokuthengisa efanayo Intel AGP ibhasi Isikhishwe yevidiyo, okuyinto ayikwazanga bawasebenzise ngokugcwele amakhono abo phezu PCI.

Manje ibhasi PCI, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, cishe akazange asebenzise, sithathelwe indawo nomlandeli wayo - PCI Express. Isofthiwe ekhuluma indlela kuyafana, kodwa ukuqaliswa ngokomzimba uye washintsha abalulekile. inani babashayeli, imvamisa yokusebenza luyanda kushintshiwe (kanye nokuncipha lamanje). Indlela ukulungisa ezintweni kuthengiselana (amadivayisi axhunyiwe) nalo ushintshe, okuvumela engcona ukuba asingathe izicelo zabo ibhasi.

By the way, kwamanye motherboards Kusengenzeka ukuhlangabezana isixhumi PCI ibhasi. Nokho, ku-ukusekelwa ongowokuzalwa chipset futhi processor asikhulumi - kule ukuqaliswa indlela isebenzisa chip olukhethekile kwebhuloho ukuthi uyisa izicelo kwi-PCI PCI Express.