Urticaria: izimbangela, izimpawu, ukwelashwa. Indlela ukuqeda isifuba: izidakamizwa

Yokungezwani komzimba - inkinga evamile kakhulu. pathologies okunjalo zaziwa abayohlanganiswa impendulo ezingafanele ukuthi izivikeli mzimba into. izifo Allergic zihlukene, basuke ephelezelwa ezihlukahlukene izimpawu - ezinye zilethe ukuphila komuntu ungakhululekile, kuyilapho abanye kungabulala.

Urticaria wabiza enye njalo kakhulu isifo iguliswa ukuthi kuhambisana ukubukeka lwamanzi esikhumbeni amashashaza elincane (njengoba e ukushiswa sembabazane). Ngokwemvelo, iziguli banesithakazelo ukwaziswa okwengeziwe. Ngokwesibonelo, iziphi izimbangela zesifo? Indlela ukuqaphela yokungezwani komzimba ngokwakho? Indlela ukuqeda isifuba kanye kungenzeka ukwelapha kanye qha kwenela? Izimpendulo zale mibuzo kuyoba usizo abafundi abaningi.

Yiziphi isifuba?

Namuhla kaningi kutholakala ukuthi uphethwe yini, ezifana urticaria ezinganeni. Izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa kwesifo, Okwamanje, kuyinto ehluke edidayo. Iqiniso lokuthi igama elithi "urticaria" ukuhlanganisa wonke leqembu lezifo Lokudabuka nomzimba. Basuke ephelezelwa izimpawu nobuntu - ngokuzumayo isikhumba avele amabhamuza lwamanzi ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, Nokho, okuyinto, iya ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-1-2. Ulwazi mayelana nalesi sifo kwase kuqala esilotshwe emuva 4th ekhulwini BC sikaHippocrates.

Mechanism yentuthuko impendulo iguliswa elandelayo. I allergen kuqala udle (into okuyinto umuntu liye landa ukuzwela), isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ukhiqiza amasosha omzimba amaprotheni ethize (ngokuvamisile, Igm). Zinqwabelanisa amaseli akhethekile ezifana basophils futhi insika amaseli. Kulezi izakhiwo buthelela izinto eziphila abakhuthele - serotonin, histamine, heparin, nabanye abaningana. allergen okuphindaphindayo engena emzimbeni e-molecule ayo abophezele amasosha omzimba futhi kamuva - ku Mast amaseli okubangela ukukhululwa kwe histamine kanye nezinye izinto asebenzayo ngqo wegazi nezicubu.

Ngenxa ezingeni ngenxa yokwanda kwethuba lokuba histamine waphawula zokuzikhukhumeza kwezicubu isikhumba, Ukuvuleka komlomo imithambo yegazi encane, ukulunywa nezinye izimpawu yokungezwani komzimba. Kungenxa yalesi isikimu eba isifuba. Izimpawu kanye Treatment Abadala (nezingane, futhi) encike ngqo kwi ukuthuthukiswa mshini nezimbangela komzimba. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuphenya engcupheni eduze kakhudlwana.

Izimbangela urticaria e abadala nezingane

Yiqiniso, i-esigulini ngasinye, kuyiyona nto ebaluleke kunazo iyona yokwelashwa okuphumelelayo lesi sifo. Kodwa ukuze baqonde indlela ukuqeda isifuba uqala kufanele ukujwayelana indlela nesenzakalo yalesi sifo. Njengoba lokhu kuyinto ukusabela iguliswa, ngesisekelo ukuthuthukiswa salo oxhumana naye kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni kuya allergen. Izimbangela urticaria ezinganeni kanye abadala, zingase zishintshe kakhulu. Kodwa wonke amalungu omndeni kungenziwa zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu eziningana ezinkulu:

• Okokuqala, ake sixoxe umthelela imvelo bangaphandle. Kuyabanda, contact ngamanzi, ukuchayeka ultraviolet, emisebeni - konke okungabangela ukusabela nomzimba.
• Uma unesithakazelo yezimbangela ezivame kakhulu isifuba ezinganeni, kuyafaneleka ukunaka ukudla, njengoba ezimweni eziningi bephambana ziyabagulisa izingane. Nomzimba ezimatasa zihlanganisa nati, uju, cocoa ushokoledi, ubisi cow sika, ukudla kwasolwandle, amaqanda, futhi izithelo ezithile nemifino (ikakhulukazi abavamile kubantu abaphethwe umzimba wakho uxabana ne izithelo ezisawolintshi kanye strawberry).
• Kusukela yini urticaria? Kaningi kuba nomphumela emibi yemithi, ikakhulukazi imithi elwa namagciwane. Isikhathi esining impela yokungezwani komzimba eba ukusetshenziswa tetracyclines, rifampin, penicillin akuzange kusize. Izindawo ezingaba imithi eyingozi zihlanganisa izidakamizwa nonsteroidal eqeda ukuvuvukala. By the way, ukusabela kungenzeka kancane kancane - ngokuvamile izimpawu zokuqala isifuba ukuvela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-14 emva kokuthi uqale ukuphuza imithi elwa namagciwane.
• Izimbangela komzimba abadala kungenzeka nabo imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene amakhemikhali nolaka, kuhlanganise latex, insipho nomjuluko nendlu yokuhlanza ejenti.
• ukulunywa yizinambuzane (njengoba umthetho, iminyovu, iminyovu nezinyosi) futhi angase avuse ngamawala.

Uma uyazibuza mayelana nokuthi kwenzekani ezidlekeni, kuzomele uqonde ukuthi akuyona inkinga njalo ukuphendula kwabangela by ukuxhumana imvelo bangaphandle. Kaningi, kungenzeka izizathu embozwe phakathi nomzimba. A esibuthaka sokuzivikela ezifweni, iziyaluyalu hormone, goiter, izifo sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba, fungal chronic izifo yisinanakazana - konke lokhu akunakubangelwa engcupheni.

Ayini izimpawu zesifo kuhambisana?

Kaningi abantu ibhekene enjalo inkinga ezingemnandi njengoba urticaria. Izimpawu kanye Treatment Abadala - Lokhu kubalulekile, ngakho kufanele ugxile kuzo ngokuningiliziwe. Ngakho lokho izimpawu kuhambisana ukugula futhi ukuthi ungakwazi uqaphela ngokwakho?

Eqinisweni, ukuqubuka ephelezelwa izinguquko isikhumba isici. On the isikhumba uqale ukuvela amabhamuza okuqukethwe lwamanzi - into ziyafana ukusha ukuxhumana izimbabazane esintinyelayo, ukuthi, eqinisweni, okwaholela igama ukusabela nomzimba. Ukuqubuka Ingase ithanyelwe sanoma yisiphi indawo emzimbeni.

Ukuqubuka avame liyavela imikhono, imilente, ngezinye izikhathi ngemuva nesisu. Amashashaza ngokuvamile encane, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungase kwandise futhi sifinyelele 10 cm ububanzi. By the way, ngokuvamile baya ngemva kwamahora angu-24 kuphela ngemva ukubukeka engashiyanga iminonjana esikhumbeni (izibazi, ubudala izindawo, amanethiwekhi semithambo).

Eyesibili sibonakaliso Ukulunywa urticaria, okuyinto iyakhula kusihlwa futhi ebusuku. By the way, kungase batshelwa nezindawo "ukuhlanzeka" kwesikhumba (abasenaso ukuqubuka). Burning nobuhlungu kulesi simo azitholakali. Umbala wawo kungase kubonise ukuthuthukiswa angioedema nezinye izinkinga.

Ukwahlukanisa: amafomu kanye nezinhlobo urticaria

Namuhla, kunezindlela eziningi ukuze uhlukanise lesi sifo. Ngokwesibonelo, komzimba kungaba oyingozi futhi ezingalapheki (ezimweni eziningi akunakwenzeka ukuthola izizathu). Matters futhi kwasendaweni amashashaza esikhumbeni - ukuqubuka ezivamile ezandleni, kodwa ukuqubuka kungase kuvele esikhumbeni izinyawo, ubuso, esiswini, emuva, njll ...

Kuye zizathu amafomu alandelayo:

• urticaria aerogenic (nomzimba ufake umzimba ngokusebenzisa ipheshana zokuphefumula, isib by ephefumula impova, izinhlamvu zesikhunta, izinwele isilwane, njll ...);
• Isikali;
• sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba;
• idiopathic (kokutshelwa ngokukhubazeka kwengane senziwa uma kwenzeka ukuthi, naphezu kwalo lonke uvivinyo esibangela ukusabela iguliswa akuyona ezitholakele);
• Infectious Diseases (yokungezwani komzimba eba ngaphansi kwesimo ayehlasela umzimba amagciwane eziwuhlupho, amagciwane);
• komzimba Physical (ukuphendula livela ngaphansi kwethonya izici ezingokomzimba, isib, ku contact ngamanzi, lapho zihlatshwa umzimba noma ingcindezi abandayo);
• kuphakama imizwa urticaria kusukela excitability anda we isimiso sezinzwa overvoltage (kunzima ngempela aphathe futhi kuqhathaniswa ngokuvamile kutholakala izingane).

Izindlela ukuxilongwa: okuyinto ukuhlolwa okufanele yenziwe?

Yiqiniso, lapho izimpawu zokuqala kuba engcono kudokotela. Lo chwepheshe uzokwazi ukucacisa ukuthi ingabe kukhona ukusabela nomzimba. Ngokuvamile, luhlolo isikhumba yakhe nemlandvo wetekwelashwa kwakhe kakade bubangele ukusola khona egunjini lokuhlolwa kwezifo. Ekuhlaziyeni wegazi kungenziwa okukhulunywa nesanda erythrocyte sedimentation izinga nomhlophe cell segazi, kanye ukwehla kwenani amangqamuzana abomvu egazi - lokhu kuwubufakazi ukwephulwa izivikeli mzimba.

Ekuhlolweni okwengeziwe ziqhutshwa ukucacisa allergen. Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu ulwazi ukuhlolwa wesikhumba - ngaphansi kwesikhumba ngemithamo emincane unikezwa ngamaqembu ahlukene izinto ezinobungozi whereupon ukusabela iyahlolwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvivinywa ungentiwa ku izinga lama-hormone (ukushintsha kwama-hormone ngokuvamile kubangela okungalungile impendulo izivikeli mzimba ezintweni), ukuhlola indle ngoba khona ezidala emathunjini, nokunye. D. Sifo kuzosiza ukwenza ephumelela kakhulu yokwelapha lwemithi.

Indlela ukuqeda isifuba? ukwelashwa ngoludala

Ngokushesha kuwufanele ethi yokwelapha kuncike ngobucayi ukusabela iguliswa futhi ubunjalo allergen. Yiqiniso, kumelwe siqale ukuqeda ukuchayeka ekusebenziseni yingozi. Ngemva kwalokhu lwemithi ukwelashwa. Ngakho indlela ukuqeda isifuba?

Ngokuvamile, iziguli kuyabekwa antihistamine. Zimbili izizukulwane le mithi. Ngokuvamile, izidakamizwa lesibili isizukulwane ekusebenziseni namuhla, njengoba musa abangele ukuba umlutha, ukozela nezinye imiphumela emibi. Ukuze ophephile kukhona amaphilisi "Loratadine", "desloratidine" "Zyrtec" "Claritin". Uma kwenzeka ukuthi le mithi akudingeki umphumela oyifunayo, ukwelashwa wenziwa usebenzisa izidakamizwa isizukulwane sokuqala. "Diphenhydramine", "Diazolin", "Tavegil", "Suprastin" kusukela isifuba asetshenziswa njalo kunabo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphathwa kungafaka ukusetshenziswa yokugcoba. Le mithi kungaba aqukethe noma ukuqukatha hormone. Yiqiniso, kukhona ivikeleke kakhulu izidakamizwa ezingekho hormone. Ngeshwa, akuzona njalo ngempumelelo. Ethandwa kakhulu namuhla zihlanganisa yokugcoba ezifana "Soventol" futhi "Fenistil ijeli". Asiza okudambisa ukuvuvukala kanye ukulunywa, ngcono isiguli inhlalakahle.

Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu imithi gormonosoderzhaschie ukuze kuqedwe isikhumba kuwukubonakaliswa yokungezwani komzimba. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa prednisolone wamafutha. Kusukela urticaria, nahlulele by ukubuyekezwa, kuyasiza ukuba mnandi. Ukuze uhlu izidakamizwa ngoba lokusebenza olungaphandle ingase ihlanganise futhi "Lokoid", "Kloveyt", "Latikort", "Dermoveyt".

Usizo lokuqala for komzimba

Yiqiniso, okokuqala udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi azikho izimpawu zokuba angioedema noma anaphylaxis. Kwenzekani ngokulandelayo kuxhomeke yini ebangela ukusabela nomzimba. Uma kukhona isizathu sokukholwa ukuthi ukuqubuka ezihlobene imithi, ukwelashwa kufanele inqanyulwe. Uma amabhamuza kwaqala ukuvela ukuxhumana ukhilimu, yokuwasha, impuphu, isikhumba kufanele ngokushesha hashaza ngamanzi afudumele.

Lapho ezinzima komzimba ukudla zingafundwa enterosorbent ngokushesha ukuletha allergen kusukela isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene. Ungazama futhi iphume esiswini. amashashaza Uvele ingelashwa nge ithuluzi ekhethekile - wamafutha efanelekayo urticaria nomzimba. Ngezinye izikhathi kuyafaneleka reception antihistamine ( "loratidine," "Tavegil").

Proper Ukudla isifuba

Ngokwemvelo, uma ukusabela iguliswa elihlobene ne-ukusetshenziswa kwezinye ukudla, nomzimba ufuna ukukhipha kusukela ekudleni ngokushesha. Ngezinye izikhathi umuntu angakwazi ukuhlonza uhlobo olunjani ukudla iguliswa, kwezinye izimo, ukuhlolwa eziqondene kwenziwe le njongo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngisho noma ukubukeka ukusabela isikhumba akuhlangene ne imikhiqizo, ukudla okufanele kungasiza ukuba ihlele umsebenzi wokugaya ukudla okusheshayo ukuqeda izimpawu kwangaphandle komzimba, ngcono inhlalakahle. Ngakho lokho kungaba isifuba, futhi yini hhayi?

Ukudla kufanele ngempela zihlanganisa iphalishi, inyama abilisiwe, amasobho ukukhanya. Imifino nezithelo ingagxila, kodwa kuyatuseka ukuba pre-ahlanzekile, ubilise noma umise (ukucutshungulwa enjalo ebhubhisa-allergen ejenti). Qiniseka ukuthi ukuphuza amanzi ngokwanele (okungenani 2-3 amalitha ngelanga).

Kodwa imikhiqizo aqukethe Nezivimbelakuvunda, Umbala ejenti, emulsifiers nezinye izithasiselo kufanele kugwenywe. Kuyefana nasendleleni yingozi izithelo, imifino, amantongomane, ushokoledi kanye nobisi. Udinga isikhathi sokungabikho iziphuzo ezibandayo (ikakhulukazi ikhofi) kanye notshwala. Lomgomo kwamandla kusiza umzimba zilulame ngokushesha.

Izinkinga of urticaria: indlela ezinobungozi kungenzeka iguliswa?

Ngokwezibalo, u-40% amacala urticaria kuhlangene nezinye, izifo eziyingozi kakhudlwana umzimba uxabane nawo, kuhlanganise edema angioneurotic futhi ukushaqeka anaphylactic. Ngokwemvelo, ukusabela okunjalo ahambisana izici isici.

Ngokwesibonelo, izimpawu zokuqala komzimba okukhulu baphathe ukwehla elibukhali blood pressure, ngezinye izikhathi zaze kobuthongo. Kungadala acute ubuhlungu besisu (ikakhulukazi sivame ukuba khona ukusabela ukudla). Ukuvuvukala entanyeni, olimini, ezindebeni ukuphefumula enkingeni, hoarseness, hoarseness kwezwi, iphika - konke lokhu kwakungenxa yesizathu esihle ukubiza i-ambulensi. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma ethuthukisa urticaria ezinganeni. Izimpawu (kanye nokwelashwa, ngokulandelana, kakhulu) zingase zihluke, ngakho uphethwe futhi usizo lokuqala seziguli ezisencane - akubona udokotela. Self inadmissible kuleli cala.

Zikhona izinyathelo?

Ngezinye izikhathi, kuba lula kakhulu ukuvimbela ukuvela izinkinga kuka bese ucabanga indlela ukuqeda isifuba. Ngeshwa, oyiphuzayo noma ngezinye izindlela ezithile zokuvikela ukhona. Kodwa, kulula ukwazi ukuthi yini izimbangela urticaria e abadala kanye nezingane, ungazama sokugwema izimo eziyingozi.

Kufanele sizigweme izinto ezinobungozi. Ngokwesibonelo, kutuswa ukuba ulandele izimiso yokudla ukudla okunempilo, ukwala imikhiqizo ukusetshenziswa vysokoallergennyh (sitrobheli, ushokoledi, uju, amantongomane, ikhofi nokunye. D.). Khetha izinga zokugeza, izimpushana. Uma usebenzela ngamakhemikhali, njalo ukugqoka izingubo ezivikelayo, kuhlanganise amagilavu.

Odokotela belulekwa ukuba njalo baphathe antihistamine (isib, "Suprastin", "Loratadine") futhi uthathe kubo phambi ukuqubuka livela. Kuhle ukugqoka izingubo okuxekethile esinamathelayo wenza izindwangu yemvelo ukuthi musa obulimaza isikhumba. Ukuze ukubabulala ukulunywa, ungakwazi ushawa cool noma ubhavu ne ukwengeza umhluzi kusuka oat ishq.