Uphawu ezivamile: ukubukeka, ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo, izitha zemvelo

uphawu Common ingenye unabantu abambalwa iplanethi yethu, okuyinto ukhetha abandayo efudumele. Empeleni, yingakho betholakala khona kuphela akude izifunda eneqhwa. Ngenxa yalokhu isikhathi eside, ososayensi ayikwazanga ukufunda lezi zilwane kahle. Manje kuphela ukuthi intuthuko zathuthuka kahle kakhulu, savula kubo ngibe nokuphila okujabulisayo imvelo.

Spotted, noma umuntu ovamile, uphawu: olwenzeka endaweni

Zonke abameleli lolu hlobo lothando ukuze nesimo sezulu esibandayo. Ngakho-ke, cishe sonke lwezimpawu zitholakala ezifundeni entshonalanga nasempumalanga ye-Arctic Ocean. Lokho ububanzi yabo kudlulela iBering Sea, Botfortovo futhi amaChukchi iziLwandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho betholakala khona emanzini asogwini Greenland noLwandle uBarents.

Ngokuphathelene Pacific nasolwandle Atlantic, lapha ungathola abameleli zalolu hlobo. Lapha siphila nje kulezi izingxenye koloni aziziningi kangako - ikhaya bomdabu ezimpawu ubhekwa-Arctic.

uphawu Lesitshalo ikhombe

Kuze kube manje, labantu itheku lwezimpawu has ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 500. Abantu. Zonke izilwane zifana kakhulu komunye nomunye, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, ososayensi baye bathola eziningi zenyathi ekhethekile. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, esigabeni ezifana ihlobene endaweni yazo. Nokho, zikhona ezinye umehluko zangaphandle phakathi amakoloni ahlukahlukene.

Ngakho, uphawu ezivamile luhlukaniswe subtypes ezilandelayo:

• East Atlantic - yisona esikhulunywa abantu abaningi, uhlala eduze ogwini eNyakatho Yurophu Western Asia.
• West-Atlantic zenyathi - ithatha cishe yonke ingxenye esempumalanga yalesi eNyakatho neMelika.
• amakoloni Pacific yalezi ezincelisayo bahlale engxenyeni esentshonalanga ye eNyakatho Melika.
• Ungava uphawu - nomele esiyingqayizivele kwalesi silwane uncamela lihlala ezindaweni angenasawoti kunokuba expanses zasolwandle.
• Ungavali ngophawu isiqhingi - siphile esiqeshini esincane sezwe, asakazeke Ngenxa yokuthi ulwandle luseduze ugu lwase-Asia.

ukubukeka

Yini esiyaziyo mayelana nezici zangaphandle, okuyinto has a uphawu ezivamile? Izithombe izilwane eyenziwe zonke izingxenye Arctic, baye bavumela ososayensi ukuhlaziya zonke izinhlobo iyonke. A qiniso eliyimpicabadala: cishe zonke zenyathi uphawu ukubukeka labafanana izihlobo purebred. Okukhishwayo kuphela Pacific zezinhlobo ukuthi kukhona kancane njengoba kuphakeme kakhulu yabo usayizi umzimba nabo.

Kodwa emuva Ingaphandle. Faka umbala lwezimpawu ingahluka ukuphila kwabo konke. Nokho, iningi umbala noboya uyahluka grey noma iba nsundu ngokubomvu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo emhlabeni komzimba wesilwane ngendlela kunezinxushunxushu zihlakazeke amnyama. Ikakhulukazi, kungenxa kubo ngezinye izikhathi lolu hlobo okubhekiselwe kubo ngelithi "zinamabala".

Ngokuphathelene usayizi, ngokwesilinganiso uphawu ezivamile ekhula 1.8 amamitha. Kulokhu, isisindo sabo uyahluka 150-165 amakhilogramu. Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi izinsikazi zihlale Ingxenye mancane kakhulu kunalawo kwabesilisa.

Imikhuba kanye olwenzeka endaweni

uphawu Common uncamela kuxazululwe phezu ogwini olunamadwala kanye emanzini asogwini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo uzama ukuze igweme izwe evulekile, ukuze ngingasebenzisi ukuze zidonse ukunaka abantu abangabazi. A Empeleni ukwazi ukuthi, ngokungafani izihlobo zabo uphawu ezivamile akusho uthuthe. Lolu hlobo isikhathi eside endaweni eyodwa futhi awuyeka kuphela uma kunesidingo esikhulu.

Njengoba for yokudla, izilwane kulesi sici kukhona izilwane ezidla ezinye yangempela. Bayazingelana ikakhulu emanzini, ngoba lesi sici - ekhaya labo. Njengoba impango ukukhetha okungenani izinhlanzi emincanyana: capelin, inhlanzi, i-cod nesafroni, cod polar nokunye. Nokho, lapho akukho nzuzo ezinjalo, izimvu zamanzi ungakwazi ukujabulela elula ezingenamgogodla.

kabusha lwezimpawu

ukuphila Mayelana 5 ngonyaka esilisa okokuqala ukubonisa isithakazelo kwabobulili obuhlukile. Kodwa abesifazane ukhule ngokushesha, banayo umsebenzi wocansi iqala lapho eneminyaka engu-3 ubudala. Ukukhulelwa ihlala izinyanga 11. Kulokhu, ukukhanya okuzelwe ithole elilodwa kuphela, kuphela ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, insikazi ungenza ambalwa izingane.

Ngokwesilinganiso, izimvu zamanzi abesilisa abahlala mayelana 25-30 iminyaka, okuyinto ejwayelekile zinhlobo zabo. "Ladies" nenhlanhla ngaphezulu, njengoba iminyaka yabo esiphezulu uyahluka iminyaka 35-40. Ososayensi bangase bangayiqondi ngokugcwele isimo zalesi simo, kodwa zisikisela ukuthi ihlobene insikazi umsebenzi zokuzala.

izitha zemvelo ezimpawu

Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi isitha eyinhloko uphawu evamile i-polar bear. Lesi sitatimende akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi nomzingeli Nezinzwane ukuthandwa ngempela yokuzingela ezincelisayo kwakhahlela, ekuxhakathisweni ukufa kwakhe nokuvuswa kwakhe kumane nje kuyingxenye encane yale izilwane.

A engozini nakakhulu owabuzwa killer nama. Lezi izilwane ezidla ezinye izilwane zasolwandle e-ngokuphazima kweso ungakwazi ukubamba futhi udle enkulu empangweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuphela lwezimpawu esheshayo ungathola kude umkhomo umbulali, bese, in nje isikhathi ukubalekela ebhishi.