Torts: Izibonelo kanye izimfanelo eziyisisekelo

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi esigabeni eliphezulu ukuthuthukiswa kunoma yimuphi umphakathi kwaba, kwaba yingxenye ebalulekile futhi amacala obugebengu kanye nezinto ezimbi civil, izibonelo zazo kungabonakala nasemkhakheni isamba elanele kuze kube manje. Ngenxa isakhiwo eyinkimbinkimbi psyche womuntu ukuze kuqedwe lokuphenya ngamacala afana naleli cishe kungenakwenzeka. Kodwa ukuze baxwayise futhi ukuvimbela kanye unciphise amathuba umonakalo odalwe lezi zenzo umphakathi, isimo nezakhamuzi kuyinto ngempela ngempela.

Ngeshwa, njalo ngonyaka isibalo emacaleni liyakhuphuka. Kukhona tort entsha, izibonelo zalo ezingenakususwa ekubeni amafomu ezingcono. Ukwehlisa inani yabo kuyinto ekhathazayo esiyinhloko abasebenzi ngokomthetho. Ngakho-ke, indlela eyinhloko ekulweni edelela umthetho uyakwazi ukudlulisela uquqaba mayelana kwesiphetho isijeziso nemiphumela eyingozi emphakathini emphakathini.

Torts: Izibonelo, umqondo, izimpawu

Definition of wathandeka kakhulu lo mqondo base zomthetho ayitholakali, kodwa ngokucacile imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwesokudla. Tort kuyinto okungalungile, icala isinyathelo delictual ubuso, evutha izenzo zabo ukulimaza emphakathini, umphumela lapho kubonakala khona umthwalo zomthetho.

Lo mqondo ungaboniswa ifomu lula. Tort kuyisenzo zokuziphatha, elikwaziyo ukulimaza abanye abantu futhi ngenxa yalokho, libhekisela amafomu esiyingozi ngokwedlulele futhi engathandeki nokuxhumana. Lokhu kuyinselele umphakathi kanye namagugu awo, nokuhlaselwa kwaleli izithakazelo kanye nezidingo siqu izakhamuzi, kanye ekuhlelekeni komphakathi.

Umqondo kanye nesakhiwo ukoniwa civil libhekene izici ezilandelayo esemqoka:

- ingozi Komphakathi (umonakalo).

- ngokungemthetho.

- Yecala.

- Reality (izenzo).

- kujeziswe.

Ake sicabangele isici ngasinye ngokuningiliziwe.

ingozi yomphakathi

Ingozi inesimiso esiyisibopho icala ngalinye. It ungaboniswa imiphumela aggregate omubi yokwephula kwezinkambiso wezomthetho komthetho we-civil. definition kwakho kuncike hlobo ukwephula izintshisekelo, into icala futhi amalungelo subjective.

Uma sicabangela Torts (izibonelo), singase sithwale eziyingozi impahla yemvelo (Ukubhujiswa noma umonakalo kwempahla, ukukhwabanisa, ukukhokha intela , njll) Futhi-non-impahla (begcina, ukunyundela, ukushaya, njll). Izimpawu zingase zibe ukuyithola noma okungapholi, esilinganisekayo noma okungezona esilinganisekayo, futhi ube ukubaluleka ucishe abalulekile abantu ngabanye, amaqembu kanye nomphakathi wonkana. Ngakho-ke, sencazelo kanye ngezigaba icala kwasekuqaleni udinga ukusetha ubukhulu umonakalo odalwe ukoniwa.

wrongfulness

Esinye isici ukoniwa akukho emthethweni. It ungaboniswa yephula izenzo zomthetho, kanye non-ukuhambisana nezibopho ezibekwe kweyoku basayine izivumelwano ezihlukahlukene.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuheha isibopho sezomthetho zomthetho umuntu ngoba isenzo kuzibandlulule umphakathi, uma isenzo esingekho emthethweni akuyona livikeleke umthetho. Ngakho, ukusetshenziswa "izintuba" esimweni ayikwazi ukuthi iphromothiwe umthetho wentela, kodwa futhi ukuvuma amacala izenzo okunjalo akunakwenzeka.

unecala

Izaphula-mthetho ngubani isenzo esingekho emthethweni, njalo has kungenzeka sokungawafaki ukwenza isenzo. Yecala lomuntu kunqunywa ngokunembile ngesisekelo ukukhethwa, okuyinto ngenxa yobudedengu noma ngenhloso, akwenzayo, ukukuziba lokho okufunwa umphakathi kanye nesimo.

Okwamanje bezvinovnaya futhi umthwalo collective bayakhishwa kusukela isimiso somthetho, futhi isimiso zako ezisemqoka kuyinto nalowo oyobhekwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma nje imisebenzi lobugebengu umsolwa engakaze kungase kutholakale ngokomthetho, akuyikuba yicala isenzo ekhubazekile.

Reality futhi yisigwebo

Iqiniso icala ungaboniswa ibinzana elandelayo: "imibono kungukuthi wahlulelwa", okusho ukungabikho of icala lomthetho ngoba izinhloso, imizwa, kanye netinkholelo, kanye khona ngezici ezithile ubuntu: inkolo, ubuzwe, isimo sabo emphakathini . Nabanye It kubonakala kuphela emva isenzo .

Ngaphezu bememezela sokuvinjelwa, umthetho siphinde sihlinzekele nezinhlelo ezihlanganisa isijeziso saziso icala civil. Izibonelo: umthwalo bungabonakala ngesimo ephoqelela kwanoma yibuphi ubunzima ezengeziwe, imithwalo, ubunzima noma impahla siqu. Letha umthwalo lobugebengu lowo okonile futhi afeze isijeziso akukwazi, uma izenzo zakhe awekho ngaphansi izinyathelo ithonya isimo.

Ngakho, zonke izici ezingenhla ieala ukunikeza incazelo ecacile isenzo ephazamisayo. Lokhu kuvumela hhayi kuphela ukwenza isijeziso esisemthethweni, kodwa futhi ukuvimbela ubugebengu ezimweni ezithile.