Theatre ngesiGreki. Umlando Theatre

Izwe elisizungezile ku ukumelwa ngokunqoba kwamaGreki asendulo - kuba yesigameko yaseshashalazini, futhi abantu - nabalingisi eyavela ezulwini ukudlala indima, bese iya la mavangeli. Ngesisekelo le postulate ngezibonakaliso nangezimangaliso Cosmology owasungula ngesiGreki Theatre, eveza ngokugcwele inkolo amaGreki. Isikhathi sokuqala ukusebenza kwasihlaba ezihlobene nenkolo, kodwa kancane kancane play yekufinyelela izimpilo real zabantu abavamile.

ukuthandwa

Ukuvela ethiyetha ngesiGreki lihlotshaniswa lenkolo ye Dionysus, unkulunkulu izimila, iwayini zikhula, newayini. Imidwebo yayakhiwa iziza abazinikezele kuleli nenhlalakahle yasezulwini abangu benamandla yokukhulekela enenhlonipho unkulunkulu. NgesiGreki Theatre, bavele VI ekhulwini BC futhi ngokushesha aba ingxenye yaleso ukuphila sabantu base-Athene. Ukuthandwa kungaba liyokwahlulelwa ukwakhiwa yayo ezinkulu eqeleni e nenkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini ihlanganise kuze kube izibukeli 30,000.

zokugcina Ukusangana

yaseshashalazini WaseGrisi wasendulo yandile ngokuya ukwehluka yamakhonsathi, sekube troupes eziningi abadlali abadlala hhayi kuphela idrama nosizi elihlobene ne Dionysus. I tragedians enkulu endala - U-Euripides, Aeschylus, OSophocles - wabhala kudlala emphilweni umphakathi ngesiGreki, okuyinto baba nempumelelo enkulu. Ikakhulukazi izilaleli zethamela comedy of Aristophanes.

Lonke umlando ethiyetha yaseGrisi yasendulo kuphambene okushiwo ukusebenza. Ngo izigemegeme ezenzeka ngokuvamile babonakalisa izinganekwane kanye izinganekwane, lapho onkulunkulu usebenze njengomahluleli esinganqobeki amandla esesabekayo. play namaqhawe alwa abakhileyo ezulwini, wafa, kodwa akazange ayeke. Comedy, ngakolunye uhlangothi, babe funny futhi egqoka ostrosatiricheskoy uhlamvu. Abalingisi yaseshashalazini ngesiGreki akazange ngibonise noma yikuphi ukulangazelela inhlonipho onkulunkulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho chwaneka them. Heroes amahlaya ayelula abantu, ababazi, abathengisi, izikhulu, izinceku, singamakhosikazi emizi.

ukusebenza Theatrical kuvame owabanjwa mhlaka ngesikhathi noDiyonisiyu Omkhulu. Ukusebenza Kwahlelwa on a yesikhulumi isiyingi ezansi yemidlalo, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i "orhestra". Kube kwaku singers choir ababezoba ezihambisana isenzo. Singers wathutha othize embuthanweni, futhi phakathi kwawo kwakukhona kumdlali lunendima. Ekuqaleni, zonke izindima play babelwa umdlali olulodwa. Ukuze ngandlela-thile ukugqama ezizungezile ngoma, umlingisi egqoka izicathulo ne platform okusezingeni eliphezulu - okubizwa ngokuthi buskins sibonga lapho kubonakala khona ephakeme ngo-15 amasentimitha.

Isakhiwo play

Ngokushesha tragedian Athene Aeschylus wasungula umlingisi yesibili, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ijabulise isenzo ashukumisayo ngaphezulu. On orhestre uvele indawo, imishini yokukhulisa izwi ukuba balingise ukuduma nokunyazima kombani, umoya umkhulungwane nemvula. Khona-ke tragedian wanezela nesinye umlingisi. Nokho, izindima nakakhulu akakwazanga ukusingatha ngisho ezintathu abadlali nabo. Sabe kwangena buso, ngamunye emelela ngendlela ethile. Ukuze ushintsho kwakwanele ukushintsha imaskhi, futhi niqhubeke esiteji endaweni sama omusha.

Ngemuva, ngemuva orhestroy, kwaba igumbi ekhethekile - Skene, lapho abadlali akababoni izethameli ukushintsha imaskhi, okwakubekelwa ezenziwe ngobumba ezinemibala ibonisa othile sobuso of the hero kanye kwemizwelo yakhe. I ngokucacile imaskhi owawuvame liphinyiselwe lapho ebuka izilaleli zakhe ngokushesha waqonda ukuthi wayefuna ukutshela umlingisi, futhi yini imizwa wayezama ukuveza.

Buso njengesisekelo yobuciko waseshashalazini

Okubaluleke kakhulu kwaba umbala imaski: Hue amnyama wakhuluma nokuthula nempilo enhle yomdlali, lesi sifo noma ukugula okukhulu samuntu ophuzi, obomvu wakhuluma nangesinye ethule cwaka, ukucasula nentukuthelo okufakiwe njengegazi buso. buso imiva kwaba ngesisekelo wonke ukusebenza, ngalesi isikali zonke isenzo ezigcawugcawu. Lo mlingisi kwase baqinise kuphela umbono ukuthinta nokunyakazisa izitho zomzimba. Buso yaseshashalazini ngesiGreki futhi udlale indima isikhulumi, ukukhulisa amandla ukuzwakala izwi umlingisi.

sokukwazi ukuncintisana ezingeni lamazwe

Greece kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso imincintiswano ezweni. Akakugwemanga leli siko kanye yaseshashalazini. Esikhathini izinsuku noDiyonisiyu Omkhulu zonke ukusebenza babeboshelwe nomlilo - adversarial. Ngamaholide ayehlelwe izigemegeme ezenzeka amathathu satirical ahlekisayo orientation. Ekupheleni ukusebenza ngamunye ezilalelini inquma umlingisi engcono, isitatimende engcono, nokunye naphezu kwazo zonke izibonakaliso ukuthi yuphawu lokusebenza. Ngosuku lokugcina abawinile Omkhulu noDiyonisiyu wathola imiklomelo.

Obaba drama isikhathi - Eshil, Euripides Sofokl - ligcwaliswe bodwa. Aeschylus, ukuziphatha wokushumayela, benesibopho ngokuba wavuma okubi, sibonga imisebenzi yakhe ( "Oresteia", "Prometheus", "I namaPheresiya" nabanye.) Izikhathi Won 13. OSophocles wayebhekwa njengoba tragedian engcono izikhathi 24 lokhu kwasiza lezithombe zakhe inhlekelele "Electra," "Antigone," "Oedipus". Wemidlalo omncane engenathi - Euripides - wazama ijahe abeluleki amadala, izinhlamvu zakhe - Medea, Phaedra - ngokwengqondo ngokujulile.

comedy oMdala Aristophanes emelelwa imisebenzi elandelayo: "iminyovu", "Riders", "Ixoxo" "Lysistrata", "Ukuthula", "Namafu". Iziza izingcezu satirical eyathinta isimo sezombusazwe Greece naleso sikhathi. Ngokuqhathaniswa idrama, esekelwe ezinganekwaneni, Aristophanes ahlekisayo ezibonisa ngokoqobo.

yaseshashalazini ngesiGreki, oyiyo

Kwemithambeka amagquma esibhakabhakeni evulekile. NgesiGreki Theatre, inkathi classical eyakhelwe isimiso elandelayo: yemidlalo yasesiteji wangenela ngesimo umbuthano ufushanisiwe sivela isiyingi endaweni yesehlakalo. Uma imicabango uqhubeke ezitshekile design, uthola ukuma avaliwe ehlanganisa emibuthanweni evamile eyindilinga. umbuthano ngamunye yakhiwa amabhlogo itshe oketukayo. anolaka itshe kwamanzi, wabuka yayo zenzelwe kahle ukuze emalungeni cishe ezingabonakali. Ukuze eziyizitezi ngesiGreki Amphitheatre e-Athens kuwufanele umsebenzi titanic wezinkulungwane zamakhulu yezigqila owayesebenza ngokuzikhandla imini nobusuku. imigqa 78 lezihlalo ihlukaniswe izingxenye eziningana nhlonhlo emise. NgesiGreki Theatre, ngempela saba umugqa wokuqala kanye emihlane ngoba VIPs, abapristi, izikhulu kanye izivakashi udumo. Endaweni ehlukile, kukhona isihlalo zamatshe openwork ekuqopheni amatshe kule ndawo kuba umpristi Dionysus.

ebaleni lokudlala Round, isigaba yaseshashalazini, okubizwa ngokuthi orhestra, ahlukaniswe kocingo ongaphakeme yaseshashalazini. i-altare, i-altare Dionysus, izinyathelo zakhe phakathi ukusebenza abaculi wahlala phakathi nendawo. Kusukela izwe ngaphandle lidlula orhestra axhunyiwe - Parodi. Isayithi inamathuba amatshe emihle noma isihlabathi. Kamuva yaphinde kwavula emabhuloki itshe.

Ngemuva orhestry kwaba proskeny - yesikhulumi seqoqo abadlali phambi ukusebenza. Futhi emva kwakhe wawusegunjini Skene noma, ngolimi lwanamuhla, igumbi sigqoka, lapho abadlali wacosha buso babo futhi ukulungele ukungena orhestru. Ohlangothini skene ngamunye sasinamaphiko amabili amancane, lapho egcinwe zasesiteji kanye buso. Lezi zakhiwo babizwa ngokuthi "paraskenii".

Ukuxhumana ngaphambi kombukiso

Umlando omude Theatre ngesiGreki imakwe isiko egxilile. Izethameli ihamba kahle ngaphambi kokuqala ukusebenza, abantu baya ujenga Parodies wahlala izihlalo ezingenalutho. ukufika Early ngokwengxenye achaza ngu isifiso sokuba ube indawo engcono. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwanqunywa ngaphambi isethulo ukuba ngixoxe nomakhelwane, ufunde izindaba bese wabelana imicabango yabo. yaseshashalazini WaseGrisi wasendulo kwaba uhlobo isikhungo zokuxhumana izakhamizi inhlokodolobha sika. Ngokuvamile, abantu baya nemikhaya yabo yonke.

Modern Greek Theatre

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 e-Athens Theatre sidalwe "Stage okusha", ogama lakhe liyazikhulumela. I repertoire of "Skins Nea" imisebenzi ye bemidlalo isiGreki abalobi bakwamanye amazwe. play Ibsen esithi "Duck Wild", "Freeloader" Turgenev, "Imfihlo Countess Valerie" Ksenopulosa nabanye abaningi baye wadlala futhi zifakwe repertoire.

Umsunguli K. Hristomanos qembu wazama ukudala i cast Ensemble isizukulwane yakamuva ngaphandle kokunaka bendabuko lasendulo ngesiGreki yaseshashalazini buso nge heroes ezivamile nemisebenzi kahle echaziwe. Ngokuvamile, wakwenza, kodwa namanje abanye ezicashile esidlule flits e imikhiqizo. Ezinye izigcawu akazange akwenze ngaphandle eqandisiwe Inkulumo ubuso umlingisi sika sifana buso. Ngezinye izikhathi isimo sobuso awavunyelwe ukuveza imizwa efana lokhu kungenzeka wente imaskhi. Ngakho eminyaka ukuhlanganisa.

yokujama tsi

Esikhathini kusuka 1910 kuya 1920 lesiGreki yaseshashalazini yawela ukwehla. Yalimaza kubhekwane nesimo esishubile emphakathini ngenxa kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala kanye yokujama tsi jikelele kwezomnotho. Abantu abazange kufanele emasekisini. Cishe wonke amatiyetha baye bathuthela ngokungenzi inzuzo, futhi lokho kwakusho ukuthini a kulungiswe ephelele repertoire, esikhundleni the imisebenzi zakudala bulvarschinoy yenziwe ngobudlabha. Izinguquko babe akunakugwenywa, njengoba amahholo baqala ukuza ubuntu rollicking ababethanda ukubona enkundleni isigamu-nqunu abadlali, futhi bonke abanye babengakwazi nesithakazelo. Zonke imizamo ukuvuseleleka enkundleni play zakudala ngu OSophocles futhi Aeschylus kushabalele. Kuyisikhathi ezahlukene, kanye yaseshashalazini yesimanje ukuthatha izikhundla zabo.