Styrene: Yeka indlela okuyingozi futhi kanjani?

Styrene okuthiwa kungekho nto enemibala emihle izidakamizwa liquid kokuba iphunga othize ezingalimaza impilo yabantu. Okwamanje phenylethylene, vinylbenzene futhi ethylene kabanzi umkhakha ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizeni polymers futhi zokwenziwa rubbers. Yiqiniso, amabhizinisi nengisebenza lezi amakhemikhali kufanele ngokuqinile ukugcina siphephe.

Ukukhiqizwa styrene

Thola lento kuzilungiselelo ekhethekile (ukusebenza eziphambili ongafinyelela emathanini ayizinkulungwane 150-300 komkhiqizo ngonyaka) by dehydrogenation. Ukusabela, okwaholela styrene kwemiqondo labizwa ngokuthi endothermic futhi lwenzeka ngesikhathi lokushisa mayelana 600-700. Lokhu kusebenzisa i-ayini oxide kulethe ne ukwengeza chromium kanye potassium. Imfucuza okuholela iphathwa uhlelo multi-esiteji. Uma wephula ukusetshenziswa noma ukukhiqizwa ubuchwepheshe singenzeka styrene kwekhabhoni ku imvelo. Ngalokho-ke ngokuvamile kunemiphumela, ukukhuluma kancane aphansi. Okokuqala, ake uchaze lokuthi lolu ketshezi kuyinto nalokho izici uhluka.

izakhiwo

Ngakho, hlobo luni chemical - styrene? Amandla ayo kukhona ezininginingi. Ake sicabangele kubo:

• solubility abampofu kakhulu emanzini;
• namachibi Khanyisa;
• solubility sesilungile organic compounds;
• ikhono kalula ukuncibilikisa polymers;
• polymerization ukwakha mass okuqinile vitrified;
• copolymerization ne monomers;
• ukubusa halogens.

Faka umzimba womuntu styrene, kuyinto iphunga kubuhlungu ngempela okungathi kokubili yomoya engenhla, futhi ngokusebenzisa ipheshana wokugaya ukudla. Ngo ukuxhumana ngqo uketshezi eyiqukethe, kungase bumuncwa isikhumba.

Styrene Environment

Le into kuyinto ngempela eziyingozi kanye ungaba nethonya elibi endleleni izinto eziphilayo. Nokho, styrene emoyeni ubola ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, ngisho noma ukukhishwa ngephutha sizwisa nemvelo, ngeke zisebenze. Umhlabathi futhi komhlaba styrene ubola ku izinto zalo ephambili. Kwenzeka okufanayo emoyeni futhi ngaphansi kwethonya kwelanga.

Nokho, uthi iningi inombolo enkulu izidakamizwa asakazeka ezungezile ibhizinisi, kulawulwa umthetho.

Imithetho ukusebenza styrene

Esikhathini ukukhiqizwa yalolu ketshezi kanye nokusebenzisa kwayo womshini polymers Yiqiniso, kufanele agcine ukuphepha. Emazweni amaningi emhlabeni ukusetha esiphezulu lokuhlushwa avumelekile styrene emakamelweni lapho izisebenzi zale nkampani zitholakala. Ngaphansi imithetho workshop ezifana kunconywa ukuhlomisa kahle ukupholisa izinhlelo. Yiqiniso, abasebenzi la amabhizinisi kufanele siqaphele ukuba singavumeli donsa Ukhuphula izinkungu styrenics futhi zisebenzise izembatho zokuzivikela uma kunesidingo.

Qaphelisisani ukuphepha, ukuxubana nezinye izinto (yelikhono, peroxides, izithasiselo) styrene. Ukusabela efundelwa imiyalelo, ungaqhubeka ngokushesha kakhulu noma imodi kwalo. Ngokumpompela Igazi styrenes futhi kuhlangana kumele kwenziwe emagumbini ehlukene elakhelwe le nhloso futhi kahle umoya.

Polymerization of styrene kwenzeka ngisho emazingeni okushisa okuvamile. Ingozi yale nqubo ukuthi kungaholela ukuqhuma. Ngakho-ke, into okumele ligcinwe ngokuhambisana imiyalelo.

styrene ukulinyazwa emzimbeni womuntu

Imininingwane nale chemical kungase kubangele umuntu njengoba acute ubuthi yokusabela kanye nezifo ezingamahlala khona. Cishe zonke izinhlaka - izinso, isibindi, urinary, uhlelo igazi - okuthintekayo ngazimbili ezinjalo izinto ezifana styrene. Yeka indlela okuyingozi kuyinto le umdlavuza ngoba abantu ikakhulukazi ngamunye lezi zimo ngokuningiliziwe futhi sichaziwe ngezansi. Styrene kubhekwa ushevu ubuthi obuhamba futhi osebenza ku 2 class of ingozi. Ebulalayo abantu kungaholela ephefumula umoya equkethe 10 000 mg / m ³ styrene.

Yini engabangela imiphumela acute styrene

Lapho lokuhlushwa umusi in emoyeni isamba 420 mg / ^M3 e abantu baqala ukubonisa izimpawu yokucasuka ka nolwelwesi lwamafinyila yaleli pheshana zokuphefumula kanye amehlo. Lapho okuqukethwe idlula 840 mg / m ³ athuthukile isicanucanu futhi ukozela. Kulokhu, isisulu kokuba zonke izinhlobo zezinkinga apharathasi vestibular.

izinguquko zofuzo

umphumela Mutagenic - nangenye isicefe ezingaba baqamekela indoda, isikhathi eside ukuhogela styrene. Akuve kuyingozi kule ndaba? Ukwahlulela nge ososayensi ucwaningo, kungenzeka ukuthi eside ephefumula ka styrene umusi kungaholela ukwanda imvamisa chromosome aberrations ezihlelekile neuropathy igazi lymphocyte. Lezi zifundo yayiqhutshelwa phezu abasebenzi abaqashwe inqubo ukukhiqizwa polystyrene kanye amapulasitiki nakakhulu.

Ithonya Lako sokudlala function

Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa namagundane, futhi enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba siphethe ngokuthi styrene imuncwe kungakuthinta kanjani izinto eziphilayo umphumela fetotoxic. Nokho, ucwaningo abesifazane, abasebenzi wamabhizinisi ukwenziwa styrene, akukho ukwephulwa othize they cha phendla.

imiphumela umdlavuza

Ucwaningo oluningana waqinisekisa ukuthi ephefumula ka styrene kwandisa ingozi umdlavuza hematopoietic futhi izinhlelo lymph zabantu. Nokho, lo mphumela singenzeka kuphela ngesikhathi eside kakhulu (iminyaka) ukuchayeka evala izinto ezinjalo.

lokuhlala evumelekile

Ngakho, siye sahlola ukuthi singakanani umonakalo singasetshenziswa ngendlela umzimba womuntu styrene. Yeka indlela okuyingozi lo mkhiqizo zamakhemikhali, manje ukuqonda. Yiqiniso, kulezo zindawo lapho kukhona abantu isikhathi eside, lokuhlushwa Ukhuphula izinkungu izidakamizwa kumele akufanele sedlule imingcele kuvunyelwe. Ngesikhathi amabhizinisi ukwakhiwa zabo noma ukukhiqizwa polymers futhi rubbers, kufanele eziqukethwe emoyeni isamba engekho ngaphezu kuka-:

• endaweni ukusebenza - 30 g / m ^3;
• emizimbeni amanzi - 0.02 g / l.

Kusho Ukuthini-shift esiphezulu lokuhlushwa sivumelekile into ezifana styrene emoyeni 10 mg / m ^3, isilinganiso - 0,002 mg / m ^3, olulodwa - 0.04 mg / m ^3.

Styrene e ukudla emabhokisini

Ngeshwa, lokhu izidakamizwa Ungangenela umzimba womuntu hhayi kuphela lapho imvelo izitshalo kwekhabhoni. Polystyrene kanye acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, kabanzi at ukukhululwa emaphaketheni for the ezokuthutha kanye isitoreji ukudla. Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi kufanele kungenangozi ngokuphelele. Nokho, ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi styrene monomer uyakwazi uthuthe ku ukudla esusela soft futhi kanzima kusukela isembozo. Kwezinye izimo, ngisho into enikeza ukudla, ubisi noma ijusi, ukunambitheka edabukisayo.

styrene esebenzayo, okuyinto iphunga kubuhlungu ngempela, futhi ekukhiqizeni izinto zasekhaya, zokwakha nokunye. D.

ukulimala Styrofoam

Le nto okwamanje omunye ezichumayo ukwahlukanisa. Ungathenga noma ngayiphi esitolo hardware, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi kakhulu, kuhlanganise ekwakhiweni izakhiwo zokuhlala. Khonamanjalo polystyrene asitholayo nokucekelwa ukubola kalula ngesikhathi sonke isikhathi ukuphila by 10-15%. Lapho lokhu okuqukethwe monomer imikhiqizo noqhekeko okungenani 65%.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, emsebenzini wokukhiqiza lokhu polymerization heater ka styrene kuyaqabukela ephelele futhi iyunifomu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zithutha uhlale inani asalile yalo. Ngakho-ke, copolymers ka styrene, noma kunjalo ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana intuthu elimazayo. Iqiniso lokuthi ukusetshenziswa yisivikelo for ukwahlukanisa kwezakhiwo zokuhlala akuvunyelwe ngaphakathi iziqondiso, ngeshwa, sazi akubona bonke. Kulokhu-ke kungcono namanje ukusebenzisa ezinye izinto. Nokho, qaphela, nokuthi styrene kuqukethwe kufaka phakathi Foam. Njengoba kungezona lezo ubhekwa eziyingozi ezingaphezu kuka-formaldehyde, namanje kangcono vimbela indlu kusuka ngaphakathi nge mineral uvolo.

vinyl lodonga

Ngezinye izikhathi abanikazi amafulethi abawazi mayelana lokuthi izinto yokuqedela esetshenziselwa ukulungisa, iqukethe styrene. Yeka indlela okuyingozi lo mkhiqizo chemical ngabantu, thina usuyitholile kakade. Ngakho-ke, mayelana nezinto zomphakathi kanye nezimpahla zasendlini zingase zibe khona, ukuze wazi nakanjani kunomvuzo. Ngokwesibonelo, inani elincane ketshezi eziqukethwe vinyl lodonga. Nokho, ngokungafani Styrofoam, lolu hlobo kokuqeda izindonga endaweni yokuhlala ingasetshenziswa. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile styrene lodonga akuyona esabiwe. Ukuze ikamelo papered ne vinyl uvele evala, kudingeka ukwandisa ezingeni lokushisa elifanele akuyona degrees ngaphansi kuka 50 Celsius.

ABS-amapulasitiki

ABS kukhona nomthelela resin ukumelana esetshenziswa womshini izingxenye yezimoto (Izilawuli manual, amadesibhodi, njll .. D.), housings endlu Imishini (vacuum cleaner omkhathi, izilawuli kude, ikhofi) kanye electronics (CPU, Abaqaphi), ifenisha, amapayipi, nemithi namapotimende ngisho namathoyizi zezingane.

Esimweni esejwayelekile nganoma iyiphi ingozi ethile empilweni yomuntu, zonke lezi zinto zingekho. Styrene siqala okumsulwa ukuba ahlukane nabo kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ezilandelayo:

• A Ukushisa enamandla kakhulu.
• Kwezokwelapha uma zisetshenziswa biomaterial.
• Ekusebenziseni lezi amapulasitiki yokugcina ukudla. Ikakhulukazi engamukeleki bathele iziqukathi utshwala ukwaziswa okunjalo. Kulokhu umphumela iyafana bafudumale.

Okwamanje, inani lemikhaya polymers styrenic kuhlanganise ABS, zonke lezimpahla futhi amapulasitiki ababeqondisa 50%.

Okufanele ukwenze uma kwenzeka ubuthi styrene

Kuleso simo, uma umuntu ngenxa isikhathi eside wadalula lokuhlala oluphakeme styrene intuthu futhi has izimpawu ubuthi, kufanele enze lezi zinyathelo:

• Susa umuntu abathintekayo ezakhiweni okunobuthi ukuhlanza emoyeni.
• Uma isimo equlekile noma olubi kakhulu ukusebenzisa i imaskhi umoya-mpilo.
• Uma kudingeka, kwenze i ukuphefumula yokufakelwa.
• Gada izinga lokushisa komzimba ethintekile. Akumele anda noma kwehle.

Lapho styrene kwaba esikhumbeni noma lwamafinyila ulwelwesi kumele egeza owawuchichima amanzi. isikhathi Ukwelashwa akufanele kube nemizuzu engu-15. Ngemva kokusebenza wakhe isisulu liyadingeka ukuze uyiswe esibhedlela. Uma styrene ngokungazelelwe uthola ngaphakathi emzimbeni, kuba okokuqala kudingekile yazo zonke ukuphuza inani elikhulu ubisi noma amanzi. Ngemva kwalokhu, isiguli kumele ngokushesha esibhedlela.

Njengoba ubona, ukukhiqizwa kwanoma styrene - inqubo lapho, uma kungekhona imithetho yokuphepha lwezisebenzi akuyona ayinangozi. Ngakho-ke, enifeza imisebenzi zokukhiqiza amabhizinisi kufanele kube njengoba ngokucophelela futhi baqaphe. Kufanele baqaphe lapho uthenga zakhiwa ngezinto zokwakha zesimanje kanye ukudla polystyrene iziqukathi.