Petersburg State Museum zenkolo: i Uhlolojikelele, incazelo, umlando kanye namaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Cishe akukho muntu abalwa bangaki iminyuziyamu kukhona emhlabeni. State Museum of inkolo Petersburg - kuphela eRussia futhi omunye ambalwa emhlabeni, amelela umlando ukuchayeka kwetinhlavu inkolo. Izimali ziphephile bahlangana Petersburg, kukhona amakhophi angaphezu kuka abayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu namashumi amabili: ezikhumbuzo zamasiko nezomlando yezizwe ezahlukene kwezinkathi. I owayemdala kunabo bonke - iyona imivubukulo kusukela VI yeminyaka BC. e.

Kanjani State Museum of the History of Religion Petersburg?

Esikhathini Sasebusika (White Hall) entwasahlobo ka-1930 umphakathi embukisweni isiqondiso yizwe elingakholelwa kuNkulunkulu. isisekelo sayo wenza zobuciko ezikhishwa iminyuziyamu leli dolobha eziningi - Kunstkamera, Russian Museum, Library of the Academy of Sciences, le Hermitage. Omula kuqala dalo lokhu kuhlolwa imidwebo embukisweni uVladimir Germanovich Bogoraz - eyaziwa ethnographer, isazi-mlando futhi sezilimi.

Imashi nokutadisha izimfanelo impahla wenkolo, kanye izinto zokukhulekelwa kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso indlela enhle ukuthi eyayinganciphisa izakhamuzi zaseSoviet kusukela "ebumnyameni ngaphandle kwebandla." Lo mbukiso ezihlangene ngempumelelo e imfundiso kwaleso sikhathi, lapho umzabalazo wokulwa inkolo walwa ngazo zonke izindlela atholakalayo. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi esichasiselweni yayidumile kakhulu.

Ukuguqula embukisweni

Sikhungo agcwaliswa ngokushesha nge nemibukiso entsha, futhi ngokushesha kwaba khona isidingo ushintsho yayo ibe Museum zenkolo. Petersburg ungeze isikhungo esisha ezithakazelisayo ngo-1930. Neziphathimandla zedolobha sinqume ukulinika izidingo esitheni isakhiwo sokuhlala esisha Museum of the iKazan Cathedral, lolo ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyelwa besingavumelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi "ezihambayo" nethempeli elihle ngokubabazekayo isesimweni esingesihle. Abasebenzi Museum baphoqeleka ukuba usiyise ukuze bebodwa.

ngo-1932 kuphela yaqedwa umsebenzi wokwenza amalungiselelo. Phakathi no-November, umnyuziyamu ngavakashelwa yayo yokuqala. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lesi sehlakalo senzeka ngenxa ubuholi abanamakhono futhi ohlakaniphile V G. Bogoraza, abasebenzi nomdlandla kakhulu. Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe Isakhiwo Petersburg ethuthuka ngempumelelo. Ithimba lakhe waqhubeka uhambo ukuze emakhoneni ezahlukene kude lé eRussia nakwamanye amazwe, ukuqoqwa agcwaliswa nge nemibukiso entsha, vula njalo nemibukiso entsha, shintsha akhona.

ukuziphatha Parallel imisebenzi sina yesayensi kanye nekushicilela. Ngo-1935, kwaba khona ucwaningo inhlangano yesayensi, izifundo kakade wabuthela iqoqo at Museum of inkolo. Ngasekuqaleni kuka-1941 bonke nokucacisa eziningi ziye efanele athuthukile futhi aqukethe eziningi ukwaziswa okuwusizo kakhulu ngomlando nokuthuthukiswa izinkolelo ezihlukahlukene.

Kungabonakali embukisweni wokuphikisana nenkolo yaguqulwa izikhungo ezinkulu zezemfundo bazibandakanya emsebenzini owodwa owenziwe zemfundo.

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe phakathi nempi

Ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe baba ukubhekana nalesi simo esibuhlungu ngokuba izwe lethu kanye nabantu balo. Akumelwe sikhohlwe ukuthi isivivinyo wawela isabelo Leningrad nabakhileyo kuyo, abangahambi kuphela baphila ezimweni ezinonya, basebenza futhi wagcina enani elikhulu lomuzi lwakubo.

Iningi lezisebenzi Museum of inkolo Petersburg (Leningrad) waya phambi, futhi bambalwa kuphela abantu bahlala iqoqo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi cishe zonke embukisweni basindza, izisebenzi wakwazi ukuhlela imibukiso eziningana e-Leningrad ovinjezelwe.

Ngemva kuka-1945 kuso lowacala umsebenti kanzima onzima ukubuyisela amaqoqo Museum of inkolo Petersburg. It yabhidlika kabana isakhiwo, emagumbini alo ixazululwe abandayo futhi manzi, okungase kakhulu ukulimaza amaqoqo. Abasebenzi kwadingeka ukuba sihlanganise imisebenzi ewumgogodla wesayense umsebenzi ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo nemibukiso.

Ngeshwa, ngemva kwempi akazange babé yinhloko unomphela Museum - V G. Bogoraza nokuphathwa edolobheni yenza isinqumo ukuze uhlangane eminyuziyamu zenkolo eMoscow Leningrad nenhlangano nemibukiso enhloko-dolobha. Kodwa icebo waya nenkinga - YaseMoscow Museum iqoqo washukumiseleka ukuba iKazan Cathedral, okuyinto lalungiswa ngo-1948.

Buyela iziqubulo ubudala

Ngo sixties kwekhulu elidlule, imibono kweSoviet Union futhi kwaqina ze yokungabi khona kukaNkulunkulu. Ngo-1954 i-Museum iqanjwe kabusha - yayibizwa ngokuthi Museum of Religion and Atheism. Ngakho, ke sishintshe umzila umsebenzi wakhe - kwathiwa bazitshela ukuthi isihloko ucwaningo kwaba manje babe inkolo anti-isayensi, futhi kuphakanyiswe ukushintsha ukuchayeka, ukuze uNkulunkulu akekho ofana naleli kuphela imibono evamile ye indoda Soviet kweqiniso.

Lesi sakhiwo esisha

isigaba okusha yentuthuko State. Museum of History futhi inkolo Petersburg kwaqala ngo nineties kwekhulu elidlule, lapho lonke lelo zwe, ukubuyiselwa izakhiwo mlando acekelwe phansi noma ivaliwe ngesikhathi sokubusa kwamaSoviet. Lokhu wave ayikwazanga nomthelela kanye iKazan Cathedral, umnyuziyamu baba uphuthuma kangaka ukukhetha kwelinye igumbi.

Budebuduze Square St kuka-Isaka kwakusekelwe abakhethiwe amagceke Museum of inkolo Petersburg. Ikheli esitheni isakhiwo sokuhlala esisha - ul. Pochtamtskaya, 15/4. Isakhiwo edingekayo sokubuyiselwa ezinkulu, futhi kumelwe ngisho ukuthi kwenziwa kucatshangelwa izidingo Museum. Ngenkathi kwakhiwa nemisebenzi aqeda bazama ukuzivumelanisa nezidingo we iningi Museum. Waphinde ushintshe igama - The State Museum of the History of Religion in Petersburg. Endaweni entsha usebenzela kusukela ngo-2001.

amaqoqo zayo babesuke amahholo elikhulu eziphakeme iKazan Cathedral endaweni amakamelo emfishane, kodwa okugqamile. abasebenzi Museum kwadingeka ukudala kabusha mbukiso. Ezinsukwini zethu, lapho ubunzima yenhlangano esikhathini esidlule, futhi zonke nezimfundiso ngemibono ngabe sikhohliwe, Museum of Petersburg inkolo umema izivakashi ngijwayele ziphephile esiyigugu, okuyinto niyikhulume sici ongaqondakali yokuphila komuntu - ukholo.

ukuchayeka

Sesixoxile mayelana lokuthi namuhla Museum izimali iqukethe ziphephile engaphezu kwemibili, iyizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu ezibonisa umlando wezinkolo emhlabeni, ukunyakaza nezinkolelo lwezizwe ngezizwe. Lokhu Umdwebo kanye Umdwebo zokugqoka ukuziphatha imigidi izinto zenkolo, yesandla izincwadi, izihloko of amatshe ayigugu kanye zomculo, amaqoqo izitembu zemali, ividiyo, isithombe, umsindo.

Zonke ziphephile zihlukaniswe izimali nanhlanu, ngalinye elikwazi elingcwelisa leso izifundo ngabanye. Zonke izinto obala ngesimo ziphephile, wahlela ngendlela ethile - izivakashi ukuhambisa kusukela endulo kuze kube neNkathi Ephakathi, futhi wabe esethunyelwa zezinhlangano zenkolo kamuva. Umsindo kanye umhlobiso amahholo kuqinisa umbono kusukela inhlolovo.

Museum elibamba inqwaba izinkambo, okuyinto abazinikele lezinkolo ezinkulu emhlabeni. Uhambo wavakashelwa abantu babo bonke ubudala - kusuka izingane ezincane impesheni, ngokuvamile kukhona izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe. Ukuze isigaba ngasinye, ungakhetha uhlelo ezithakazelisayo - kwangemva kokufa waseGibhithe lasendulo, futhi izimpawu zenkolo, izindela kanye Labelaphi yeSiberia, mayelana lezinto wezenkolo exotic mayelana 'idla yodwa abadumile. izivakashi Little uphiwa izinhlelo ezikhethekile.

Ngaphezu izinkambo, Museum of izingqungquthela yesayensi kanye izinkulumo, nomtapo wezincwadi. Iningi izivakashi wanelisa esiqondisa ukwaziswa okunikeziwe ngokucacile futhi luyatholakala, kodwa isayensi. It is hhayi inikwe noma yiluphi inkolo, njengoba kungekho inkulumo-ze yokuthi uNkulunkulu akekho, ngisho kungekho ihholo Museum namuhla esizinikezele kuye.

Ngo yokugcina umlando ezifihliwe futhi ukuqoqwa zomculo sokuhlushwa Zamacala Ezihlubuki zangeNkathi Ephakathi, okuyinto endulo ukuthi ichonywe engaphansi we iKazan Cathedral.

Museum Izici

Ukuya ekamelweni ekamelweni, izivakashi ungakwazi ukuqhathanisa indlela isimo sengqondo esishintshile ngakuNkulunkulu ka yabantu abasezinkolweni ezingefani, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo uma ukuvakasha uphela, umbuzo ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona noma cha, ahlale evulekile. Ngemva kokuthuthela ezakhiweni ezintsha Museum zisusiwe setfulo nabanye nemikhuba kungaba iyayithusa izivakashi (isibonelo, izinto zokubethwa sokuhlushwa).

Kanye ukuthi uNkulunkulu akekho, akudingeki amahholo abo amanye amahlelo. Ngokwesibonelo, amaBaptist, okuyinto ethandwa kakhulu e-United States, abakutholanga endaweni yabo Museum.

Kanjani ukuze baye khona?

Museum itholakala eduze Cathedral St-Isaka. Ungathola lapha, nihambahambe kusukela metro station "Admiralty". Umgwaqo kuzothatha Ningabizi lutho ngaphezu imizuzu amabili.

amanani amathikithi

Sazisa bonke labo abafuna vakashela i-Museum of inkolo Petersburg: intengo amathikithi abadala - ruble 400. Kwabahola impesheni (phezu isethulo se-ID) - ruble 85. Ukuze abafundi (i-ID umfundi edingekayo) - ruble 100. Ukuze abafundi basesikoleni esiphakeme - ruble 100. Abafokazi - ruble 300. NgoMsombuluko lokuqala lwenyanga ngayinye emnyango Museum ubuye khulula.