Mangaki amaqoqo igazi khona? Kusho ukuthini lwegazi izici kwedivayisi

Umzimba womuntu omdala ngokuqhubekayo ukhiphela mayelana 5 amalitha igazi. Kusukela inhliziyo elulele ngomzimba ngokwanele branched net semithambo. Inhliziyo idinga okungenani iminithi, noma unhlangothi 70 ukweqa lonke igazi, enezela zonke izingxenye zomzimba ne izakhi ezibalulekile.

Kanjani isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi?

It ihambisa i-oksijini kanye ukukhiqizwa ukukhanya akhiqizwa wokugaya ukudla ipheshana izakhamzimba lapho zidingeka khona. Igazi futhi uyisa ku-hormone uya khona futhi kuvusa okwesula imikhiqizo umzimba kwamazinyo. Ukukhanya ahlanganiswe oksijini, carbon dioxide kweminyango therefrom emoyeni, uma umuntu exhales. Itfwala doti yeselula e izinhlaka kukhuthaza. Ngaphandle kokunakekela igazi emzimbeni bekulokhu nombala efudumele njalo. Uma umuntu izinyawo abandayo noma izandla, okusho ukuthi anakho enganele liningi igazi.

Erythrocyte futhi leukocyte

Lawa amaseli nge izimfanelo zabo akhethekile "imisebenzi". Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi (erythrocyte) akhiwa umnkantsha futhi avuselelwa njalo. I 1 mm ³ kwegazi amangqamuzana abomvu egazi angu-5. Umsebenti wabo - ukuze ihambise umoya-mpilo amaseli ezihlukeneko zomzimba. egazi White - leukocyte (6-8 ayizinkulungwane ngayinye 1 mm ^3). Bona zivimbela kwamagciwane bakwazi ukungena emzimbeni. Lapho amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi ngokwabo ehlaselwe isifo, umzimba ulahlekelwa umsebenzi olwawuvikele, futhi umuntu ungafa kusuka ngisho isifo efana Umkhuhlane, okuyinto ohlelweni evamile Ukuvikelwa ngokushesha ukubhekana. igazi Amangqamuzana amhlophe of umuntu onengculaza inegciwane - umzimba awukwazi ukumelana kwesifo ngokwaso. Iseli elinye nelinye, a amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi noma ingqamuzana legazi elibomvu - uhlelo ephilayo, futhi umsebenzi wayo ubonisa zonke izinqubo ezenzeka emzimbeni.

Uqondeni igazi?

Igazi Ukwakheka kuyahluka phakathi kwesizwe, njengokuba nakinina ukubukeka, umbala izinwele kanye isikhumba. Mangaki amaqoqo igazi khona? Kunezinhlobo ezine: O (I), A (II), in (III) no-AB (IV). Eqinisweni, lapho iqembu le noma ukuthi igazi kuthonywa amaprotheni eziqukethwe abomvu egazi ne-plasma.

Amaphrotheni antigen ku erythrocyte abizwa ngokuthi agglutinogens. Plasma amaprotheni abizwa ngokuthi agglutinins. Agglyutinogeny kunezinhlobo ezimbili: A no-B, agglutinins, futhi, zihlukaniswe - futhi.

Yilokho okwenzekayo. Thatha abantu 4, isibonelo, u-Andreya, Alla, Alexey no-Olga. Andrei iqembu legazi A nge agglutinogen A kumaseli plasma agglutinins. Alla - Iqembu B: I agglutinogens futhi agglutinins kahle. Alexei Group AB: izici amaqembu igazi 4 okukhona kuwo agglutinogens A no-B, kodwa nhlobo agglutinins. Olga uneqoqo mayelana - kungaqali agglutinogens samanje, kodwa yi-plasma kukhona agglutinins a futhi b. umzimba ngamunye womshado eziphatha nabanye agglutinogens kokubili umqali alien.

ukuhambisana

Uma uthele Andrew neqembu Iqembu legazi B, agglutinins ngeke ukwamukela into evela. La mangqamuzana Awukwazi ukuhambisa ngokukhululekile ngomzimba. Ngakho, ngeke bakwazi ihambise umoya-mpilo izitho ezifana ubuchopho, futhi ukuphila kusengozini. Kwenzeka okufanayo uma uhlanganisa A no B amaqembu. Izinto in dudula ketshezi A, kanye G (I) iqembu asifanele kokubili A no B. Ukuze uvimbele amaphutha ngaphambi iziguli ukumpontshelwa ngaphambilini lwahlolwa ukuze lwegazi. Abantu neqembu igazi mina, ibhekwa njengomlando wesonto abanikeli engcono - kuyavumelana ubani. Indlela amaqembu igazi abaningi khona - bonke bangabafundi omuhle mayelana iqembu legazi O, ke ayiqukethe abomvu egazi agglutinogens, ukuthi lalingakwazi "like" nabanye. Abantu abanjalo (njengoba esimweni sethu, Olga) kukhona abanikeli bendawo yonke. Group AB iqukethe kokubili A- B-amaprotheni, kungashiwo ehlangene nabanye. Ngakho-ke, isiguli 4 lwegazi (AB), isidingo ukumpontshelwa elingangena ngokuphepha ukuthola yimuphi omunye. Yingakho abantu abafana Alex, abizwa ngokuthi "abathengi jikelele."

Esikhathini sethu sizama Transfusion ukuze isiguli ukusetshenziswa iqembu igazi, okuyinto ekhona nesineke futhi kuphela uma eziphuthumayo, ungasebenzisa jikelele kuqala. Kunoma ikuphi, kufanele uqale hlola ukuhambisana yabo, hhayi ukulimaza isiguli.

Kuyini RH isici?

Red corpuscles abanye abantu aqukethe bathola iprotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-RH isici, ngakho yiba nesimo esihle RH isici. Nakakhuluma ngalabo labashiya ungenalo amaprotheni enjalo, bethi abe negative RH isici, futhi avunyelwe uthele kuphela ngqo igazi efanayo. Kungenjalo isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni nizozenqaba ngemva kokumpontshelwa kuqala.

Kubalulekile ukucacisa RH isici ekukhulelweni. Uma umama iqembu lesibili ezimbi, kanti ubaba omuhle, ingane ingase ifa likayise RH isici. Kulokhu, amasosha omzimba buthelela, okungaholela ukubhujiswa egazi abomvu igazi kwabakhulelwe. Iqembu omuhle fetus RH ukungqubuzana yesibili kudala eziyingozi empilweni kanye impilo yengane.

Bofuzo ukudluliswa iqembu

Ngokufanayo, njengoba emthunzini unwele, igazi, abantu njengefa kubazali babo. Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi izingane ziyoba isakhiwo esifanayo njengoba bobabili noma noma umzali. Ngezinye izikhathi lo mbuzo ngenxa yokungazi iba imbangela izingxabano emndenini. Eqinisweni, ifa wegazi kungaphansi kwemithetho ethile yezakhi zofuzo. Ukuze uzwisise ukuthi yini futhi kungakanani zamaqembu egazi khona ekwakhekeni impilo entsha, ngeke Ithebula elingezansi.

Ngokwesibonelo, uma igazi amaqembu 4, noyise kuqala unina, leyo ngane ngeke ibe igazi efanayo unina. Ngokusho etafuleni, kungaba owesibini, iqembu lesithathu.

ingane ifa amaqembu igazi:

Isici Rhesus nakho njengefa. Ngokwesibonelo, uma kokubili noma omunye wabazali has a iqembu omuhle yesibili, umntwana angakwazi izalwe Rhesus emihle nemibi. Uma umzali ngamunye has ezingezinhle Rhesus ke kwabangela imithetho ufuzo. Ingane ingaba ngowokuqala noma iqembu lesibili ezimbi.

Bethembela imisuka womuntu

Indlela amaqembu amaningi igazi khona, yini ubuhlobo babo abantu ehlukene, kuye ngokuthi indawo azo endabuko. Kunabantu abaningi kakhulu baphumelele isivivinyo ukucacisa iqembu igazi, ithuba lokuba abacwaningi ukubona indlela ahluka imvamisa obuhlukahlukene kuye indawo. U.S Europeoids has 41% iqembu legazi A, njengoba kuqhathaniswa 27% abantu abamnyama. Cishe wonke amaNdiya Peru babe iqembu mina, futhi e-Asia Ephakathi, ezivame kakhulu kuyinto iqembu III. Kungani kukhona lezi umehluko - bengayiqondi ngokuphelele.

Exposure ukungenwa yizifo ezithile

Kodwa ososayensi baye baqaphela ezinye ubudlelwano ezithakazelisayo phakathi egazi nezifo ezithile. Abanikazi lwegazi Mina, isibonelo, besengozini enkulu yesifo isilonda. Futhi abantu neqembu lesibili ingozi yomdlavuza isisu. Kuyinto eyisimanga impela, kodwa amaprotheni ezibangela igazi, zifana kakhulu amaprotheni atholakala phezu amagciwane athile pathogenic nama-virus. Uma umuntu etheleleka namaprotheni igciwane ebusweni, sengathi kokwakhe, izivikeli mzimba abangase basibheke kubo njengoba bebodwa futhi ubavumele zanda kunganakiwe.

Ngokwesibonelo, iveze amaprotheni microorganism okubangela nesifo sezimbilapho, okufana kakhulu amaprotheni mina lwegazi. abacwaningi Scientific usola ukuthi laba bantu kungenzeka ikakhulukazi ukungenwa lokhu ukutheleleka. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi isifo eladabuka mpumalanga ye-Asia sandile kuya entshonalanga. Lapho sifika e-Europe, kwachitheka ingxenye yesine ka bakhona ekhulwini XIV: uma isifo okuthiwa "omnyama ukufa." Ngo-Asia Ephakathi linenani aphansi zabantu neqembu mina igazi. Ngakho-ke, yileli qembu ukuthi "ukungabi" ezindaweni lapho isifo kuyinsakavukela ikakhulukazi, nabantu babo basebenzelana namanye amaqembu isengcupheni enkulu kakhulu sokusinda. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi kukhona ubuhlobo izifo yegazi. Ucwaningo le nguqulo esikhathini esizayo kuzosiza wokufunda nesisekelo izifo futhi embule izimfihlo ukusinda kwabantu.