Laboratory uphethwe - indlela eyingqayizivele ukufunda. Izindlela kanye nezici

Inani elikhulu lezifo ekhona, degree ngazinye izimpawu kubantu ezahlukene inkimbinkimbi inqubo yokuhlola. Ngokuvamile, empeleni isicelo akwanele yedwa elwati nemakhono udokotela. Kulokhu, wafaka le uphethwe lesifanele kusiza ukuhlola laboratory emitholampilo. Ngalo, ngendlela efanele usaqala kutholwa zokugula sifo eyenziwa zokuqapha, ihlola ukusebenza kahle yayo kungenzeka zamanje kanye nokwelashwa ebekiwe kunqunywa. Kuze kube manje, wezokwelapha laboratory ukuhlola - omunye izindawo ezanda ngokushesha emithi.

Umcabango

Laboratory uphethwe - kuyisiyalo esiyisa yezokwelapha osebenza e umkhuba izindlela ejwayelekile inkinga ukuthola kanye nokuqapha izifo, kanye nokuthola futhi ukufunda amasu amasha.

ukuhlola laboratory Clinical kusiza kakhulu uphethwe futhi likuvumela ukuba ukhethe ephumelela kunazo lwemithi zokwelapha.

Izigatshana ukuhlola laboratory yilezi:

• biochemistry emitholampilo;
• Haematology Clinical;
• kwezokugoma;
• Virology;
• serology Clinical;
• microbiology;
• ibhuku lamakheli;;
• Cytology;
• bacteriology;
• parasitology;
• mycology;
• coagulation;
• zofuzo-laboratory;
• ucwaningo lwezempilo jikelele.

Ulwazi etholakale esebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene ukuhlola laboratory emitholampilo, ibonisa isifo phezu sitho, amaselula kanye namazinga yamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, udokotela uyakwazi ukuxilonga zokugula noma ukuhlola umphumela emva kokwelashwa olwenziwa.

imisebenzi

Laboratory uphethwe yakhelwe ukwenza imisebenzi elandelayo:

• search okuqhubekayo futhi ukufunda izindlela ezintsha zokuthola izinsuku ukuhlaziya izinto eziphilayo azithathe;
• ukuhlaziya ukusebenza zonke izinhlaka futhi izinhlelo lomuntu usebenzisa izindlela ezikhona;
• ukuthola inqubo sokugembula zonke izigaba zalo;
• ekwengameleni ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pathology;
• Ukuhunyushwa yokwelapha;
• yencazelo esiqondile uphethwe.

Kodwa umsebenzi oyinhloko laboratory emitholampilo ukunikeza ulwazi lwezokwelapha mayelana biomaterial ukuhlaziywa Imiphumela iqhathaniswa amagugu evamile.

Kuze kube manje, 80% lonke ulwazi ebalulekile ukuze kuhlonzwe kanye nokuqapha ukwelashwa, inikeza laboratory emitholampilo.

Izinhlobo ukuhlolwa impahla

Laboratory uphethwe - kuyindlela yokuthola ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa nge isifundo esisodwa noma ngaphezulu izinhlobo impahla yomuntu yemvelo:

• Emithambo yegazi Igazi - uthathwe Haematology ukuhlaziywa kusuka umthambo omkhulu (ogxile ku bend we indololwane).
• igazi Arterial - ngokuvamile elithathwa kokuhlaziywa CBS (acid-base) of ngemithambo emikhulu (ikakhulu kusukela endaweni senyonga noma ngaphansi clavicle).
• Capillary igazi - uthathwe izifundo eziningi umunwe.
• Plasma - ke uthola ngegazi centrifugation (ie division yayo tincenye).
• Serum - Igazi plasma emva ukususwa fibrinogen (ingxenye, okuyinto kube inkomba yokuthi igazi ekunqandeni).
• Morning umchamo - uya kwesokudla emva uvuka, senzelwe ukuhlaziywa jikelele.
• I nsuku zonke umchamo - umchamo, okuyinto eqoqwe ngethangi emini.

izigaba

Laboratory uphethwe kuhilela izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• preanalytical;
• kohlaziyo;
• postanalytical.

isigaba Preanalytical kuhilela:

• Ukuhambisana nemithetho lomuntu kudingeka ukulungiselela ukuhlaziya.
• Amaphepha sokuvela lesiguli ngesikhathi isikhungo sokwelapha.
• Isignesha amashubhu nezinye iziqukathi (isb, umchamo) ebukhoneni isiguli. Esandleni somNyango wezeMpilo isicelo igama uhlobo ukuhlaziywa - idatha kodwa kudingeke athi ngokuzwakalayo ukuqinisekisa ubuqiniso balo yisiguli.
• ukucutshungulwa okwalandela biomaterial athathwe.
• Storage.
• Ezokuthutha.

isigaba Analytical - kuyinto inqubo cwaningo eqondile of izinto eziphilayo azithathe etholwe endaweni yokucwaninga.

isigaba Postanalytical kuhlanganisa:

• Nokubhalisa imiphumela.
• Ukuhunyushwa imiphumela.
• Kumiswa umbiko oqukethe: idatha nesineke, umuntu kwenziwe esifundweni, isikhungo sokwelapha, laboratory, usuku kanye nesikhathi zalokho izinto eziphilayo azithathe, evamile imikhawulo yomtholampilo, imiphumela iziphetho namazwana.

izindlela

Izindlela eziyinhloko ukuxilongwa laboratory kukhona physicochemical. Ingqikithi kwawo kuhlanganisa ukutadisha indaba bathathwa ubudlelwane lwezici zalo ezihlukahlukene.

izindlela Physical namakhemikhali zihlukaniswe zibe:

• optical;
• electrochemical;
• chromatography;
• Kinetic.

Okuvame kakhulu indlela optical isetshenziswa umkhuba emtholampilo. Siqukethe ukuzibona ukukhanya ugongolo izinguquko, edabula ekutadisheni ezihlelwa biomaterial.

Inombolo yesibili eliphezulu kakhulu cwaningo indlela chromatographic.

kungenzeka amaphutha

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukuhlola emitholampilo laboratory - lolu hlobo ucwaningo, lapho inqubo kungaba amaphutha.

laboratory ngamunye kufanele ifakwe amathuluzi eliphezulu, ukuhlaziywa kufanele kwenziwe kuphela izisebenzi eziqeqeshiwe.

Ngokwezibalo, iningi amaphutha zaba isigaba preanalytical - 50-75%, kanye kohlaziyo - 13-23% ku postanalytical - 9-30%. amalungiselelo elivamile kufanele kwenziwe unciphise amathuba amaphutha esigabeni ngasinye zocwaningo laboratory.

Laboratory Clinical - omunye indlela kakhulu futhi enokwethenjelwa ukuthola ulwazi isimo impilo yomzimba. Ngosizo lwawo kungenzeka ukuveza noma isifo ngendlela efanele usaqala futhi ukuthatha izinyathelo ngesikhathi esifanele ukubhekana nabo.