Kuyini izingozi emsebenzini? Ukwahlukanisa kanye hlu

Izingozi kubantu kungaba yonke indawo. Ngisho ezindaweni zokusebenza ezivamile abasebenzi ehlaselwe izici ezimbi njengalezi ukusebenza ngekhompyutha, noma ihlezi isikhathi eside. Kuyini izingozi emsebenzini? Lokhu imiphumela engemihle ezibhekene abasebenzi amabhizinisi.

definition

Izitshalo eziningi namafektri umsebenzi ihlobene umthelela nabasebenzi izimo ezingezinhle. zikhathi futhi uyingozi njalo kuhlobene. Yini siyingozi isici zokukhiqiza? Lawa izici ngenxa okuyinto impilo yomuntu liwohloka noma kukhona ukulimala. Ngo emkhakheni wezimboni nezimo ezinjalo ngokuvamile nazo.

Kuyini izingozi emsebenzini? Lokhu kuhlanganisa nomthelela ongemuhle, okuholela ezifweni ezihlukahlukene. Sinenkosi igama izifo emsebenzini. izimo Iyingozi ukusebenza kanye nezingozi emsebenzini zifana. Khumbula ukuthi imingcele ephakathi imiqondo le okunemibandela. Endaweni ekhethekile izingozi jikisa yingozi. Ngokwesibonelo, umswakama high kubhekwe isimo esingathandeki, kwaba ke iba imbangela izifo ezihlukahlukene zokuphefumula. Uma umuntu osebenza endaweni enjalo nge kagesi, kuyingozi.

ngezigaba

Kukhona Ukwahlukaniswa izingozi emsebenzini, ngoba zasezindaweni ezihlukahlukene. Kwenzeka ukuthi amabhizinisi avele izimo zokusebenza ezingezinhle ngenxa bhukwana. Le nkambu kuyadingeka ukugxila izidumbu ukuhlolwa. Uma inkampani izingozi, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo ukunciphisa umthelela wabo abantu.

Kukhona ngezigaba izici eziyingozi. It ikuvumela ukuthi usabalalise ukuba:

• ngokomzimba;
• chemical;
• begazi;
• psychophysiological.

Lolu hlu imisebenzi eyingozi futhi onobungozi amabhizinisi amaningi. Konke lokhu kunomthelela ongemuhle abantu, esithinta impilo yabo. Kuyini izingozi emsebenzini, ikhumbula imiqondo le? Lokhu nemiphumela eyingozi impilo ezingokomzimba nezingokwengqondo. Akukho ngokwahlukana ocacile phakathi izici eziyingozi ezilimazayo. Kuyinto okunemibandela.

Iyingozi chemical izici

Kuyini izici eziyingozi ekukhiqizeni? Lo mphumela omubi kwezemvelo ngenxa izinqubo zobuchwepheshe. Ngokuvamile lokhu nazo ku:

• ngokucubungula imininingwane izindlela amakhemikhali;
• yokudweba imishini;
• Welding;
• icubungula isicelo ezinengilazi anticorrosive;
• Metal Icubungula.

Uma wenza lezi izinhlobo zemisebenzi, ukubukeka yezingxenye eziyingozi akunakugwenywa. Kodwa imfundo ngokujulile kuyimbangela sokungalandeli umthetho noma kabi imishini ubuchwepheshe.

izici ezingokomzimba

On the ukukhiqizwa cishe akunakwenzeka ukugwema kwethonya izinto eziningi. Khona-ke abakhululiwe ekhethekile zihlanganisa:

• lokushisa, umswakama, emisebeni;
• Amasimu kagesi;
• laser nemisebe ultrasonic;
• vibration;
• umsindo eqinile;
• ukukhanyisa;
• ukuchayeka uthuli aerosols;
• icala emoyeni;
• izingxenye amathuluzi ukusebenza.

Ukuchayeka izici eziyingozi kuphela ongaqhubeki ingozi yendoda uma lokhu kungekhona isikhathi eside. Kodwa ngokuvamile abasebenzi basuke bethonywe kubo isikhathi eside, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile a izinhlobo ezimbalwa, ngenxa yalokhu, ukuthi le miphumela engemihle palpable.

Umthelela umsindo ku womuntu

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi ukukhiqizwa ekukhiqizweni? Ziningi, omunye wemizila ebaluleke kakhulu umsindo. He is kuzo zonke izitolo lapho imishini siqhutshwa. Ngenxa imishini njalo obusayo igumbi umsindo kakhulu. Uma umuntu njalo sizothinta zizathu, bekuyoba zingayilimaza impilo yakhe. kumdumo is okubangela ubuhlungu bekhanda, pressurization, ukuzwa ukungakhuli.

Lezi zici nomthelela ukusebenza kwehle, ukunakekela ukubukeka ukukhathala. Futhi kuba imbangela izingozi. Abaholi ebalulekile ukuqinisekisa sezingeni elamukelekile umsindo, ukuze akuphazamisi impilo abasebenzi.

Ngenxa yale njongo:

• silencers;
• siqu imishini zokuzivikela;
• soundproofing ezindaweni ezinomsindo;
• Imihlobiso iyavuleka izinto.

Lezi zisebenzi izinyathelo Production kuyoba imvelo ngokunethezeka. Lokhu kunciphisa ingozi izingozi, kanye nezinye imiphumela emibi.

Ithonya vibration nokuqeda yayo

Okubaliwe izici eziyingozi zihlanganisa vibration. It ihlukaniswe yaba izigaba eziningana:

• ukudluliswa indlela - jikelele kanye lendawo;
• isiqondiso - mpo phezulu;
• ukuchayeka isikhathi - nesikhathi njalo.

Ngenxa yethonya njalo lokhu isici uwohloka hhayi kuphela isimiso sezinzwa, kodwa futhi ukuze uhlelo zemisipha, le analyzers. Abasebenzi kufanele bahlale basebenze endaweni enjalo, esekhala ubuhlungu ekhanda, isiyezi, isicanucanu. Futhi uma namanje kuthinte umswakama, lokushisa eliphezulu kanye umsindo, kungenxa le vibration is iyakhula nomthelela ongemuhle.

Ukuphungula lezi zici ukukhiqizwa eziyingozi emsebenzini, ungasebenzisa:

• esikhundleni ku imishini kwezobuchwepheshe;
• ezinengilazi ezithambile esetshenziswa ku isixwayisi izingxenye;
• ukufakwa esisekelweni esiqinile amadivayisi.

Ukuchayeka ejenti zamakhemikhali

Izingxenye zalolu hlobo zihlukaniswe ngezigaba eziningana.

On imiphumela empilweni yomuntu zingabantu:

• umphumela anobuthi kokuphelele umzimba, isibonelo, i-carbon monoxide, mercury nomthofu;
• ezizihluphayo, ezisithintayo nolwelwesi lwamafinyila (acetone, chlorine, nitrogen oxides);
• umdlavuza, akhiwa amangqamuzana omdlavuza kuyinto chromium oxide, beryllium;
• allergenic;
• mutagenic, kuholele izinguquko DNA amaseli;
• kuthinte umsebenzi zokuzala.

Bangenela emzimbeni:

• umgudu wokuphefumula;
• emathunjini;
• isikhumba kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila.

Okuyingozi, elimazayo izici ukukhiqizwa endaweni yokusebenza babe nemiphumela ezahlukene abantu. Kulesi sisekelo abelwe:

• esiyingozi ngokwedlulele;
• kuyingozi kakhulu;
• ngokulinganisela enobungozi;
• ingozi iphansi.

Uma izinto zokuzivikela esetshenziswa amabhizinisi, abasebenzi ngeke ehlaselwe izici ezimbi. Lokhu kunciphisa ingozi yokugula.

zabasebenzi izici

izici Psychophysiological zihlanganisa kobukhulu izimo ezisebenza kanye nokucindezela kwalo. Ukusebenza kanzima kuhilela:

• uhlobo olujulile phezu inhliziyo, imithambo yegazi, zemisipha kanye izinhlelo zokuphefumula;
• static usayizi umthwalo;
• inani iminyakazo okuphindayo;
• inani wezimpahla ukuthi kumelwe iphakanyiswe;
• Iphakamisa abasebenzi emsebenzini.

Amaphaphu umthwalo ubhekwa nesimiso sezinzwa, izinzwa. Kuhlanganisa umsebenzi engqondo okuqhubekayo, le monotony of izinqubo, umthwalo phezu sphere ngokomzwelo. Zonke lezi zici ezithinta abantu abaningi, kodwa ngamazinga ahlukahlukene.

Umthelela izici eziyingozi abantu

ebhizinisini ngalinye ukuhlinzeka indawo evumela abasebenzi izimo ezifanele Kumelwe zidalwe. Lokhu ngokuyinhloko ibhekisela umoya ohlanzekile emsebenzini. izinhlangano kweNdle ukwabelana izinto eziyingozi phezu yizici zamakhemikhali nothuli ezimbonini.

Eyokuqala uhlukaniswe:

• ubuthi;
• imithi yokubulala izinambuzane;
• imithi;
• amakhemikhali yasendlini;
• izingxenye anobuthi.

Uthuli kuyinkinga emkhakheni izimayini, yokusansimbi, isiqoqi sama-softwe, ezolimo. Igalelo eyaba nalo negative kubonakala eqinisweni lokuthi yenzeka isifo samaphaphu. Kunezici eziningana ezingase engakhi yamthinta ebhizinisini ngalinye abasebenzi. Kungenxa yokuthi lokhu software yokuvikela kubalulekile emkhakheni zokukhiqiza.

Indlela ukuvikela izingozi?

Ngisho nalezi zidingo kudingekile basalokhu bengakakwazi ukuthola ilungelo izimo zokusebenza. Lokhu ngeke kwenzeke ngenxa izinqubo zobuchwepheshe, imikhiqizo kanye izinto zokusetshenziswa. Ukuvikeleka izici ezilimazayo okufanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amakhanda izinhlangano.

Umsebenzi kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa le mithetho elandelayo:

• ukuqeda izingozi noma kuncishiswe ingozi ukukhinyabezeka kwayo;
• sebenzisa izindlela oluphephile;
• wokuthatha amagadango zokunqanda izici ezilimazayo;
• isicelo amakhambi.

Kaningi kuyenzeka ukuthi izinyathelo akazange ukuqinisekisa ngokugcwele ukuphepha izimo zokusebenza. Kulezi zimo, ukusebenzisa PPE. Ethandwa kakhulu zalezi zinhlobo zihlanganisa:

• Izimali ezivela vibration. Ngoba nge isivikelo esinjalo kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle zomsebenzi, kudingeka sithathe ikhefi kancane njalo.
• umsindo headphone. Kodwa kukhinyabeze ikhono zula, neqhaza ukuvela wezakhiwo.
• Respirators negesi buso. Long basebenzela esingesihle, ngakho kudingeka sisebenzise izindlela ezihlukile ezingasetshenziswa.

PPE ukunciphisa umthelela ezintweni ezingezinhle, kodwa ingozi omunye umuntu. Ngakho-ke, kufanele asetshenziswe kuphela inhloso yazo.

ukuphepha

imithetho yokuphepha iyadingeka ukuze kugwenywe umthelela ongemuhle izici ku isimo somuntu. Ngakho-ke, lo mbukiso yi- kubhekwa umsebenzi kuphoqelekile ukuqeqeshwa ukuphepha. Lezi zinqubo kufanele kulotshwe lokungena nesignesha abantu abaphethe kanye futhi abasebenzi.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana msebenzi:

• imfundo yesingeniso. It wenziwa ngaphambi kokuthatha umuntu ukusebenza. Lo mcimbi kuphoqelekile zonke, kungakhathaliseki isikhundla ubudala kanye nobudala.
• Primary. Kuhlelwe emsebenzini, umcimbi aphethwe master noma umqondisi.
• Ephindiwe. It wenziwa ngoba isisebenzi ngasinye njalo emva kwezinyanga eziyi6.
• Ukwehla. It is olwenziwa izinguquko umsebenzi imithetho, uma uthenga imishini, ekuboneni ukwephula, ngemva kwekhefu.

Ngo umkhuba, hhayi wonke amabhizinisi kuthiwa ibayala. Ngokuvamile, izisebenzi ukunikeza umagazini lamalebuli ngaleso senzakalo. Lokhu kungukuphula. Security ngesikhathi ibhizinisi kuncike umsebenzi abaholi.

umthwalo

Ngokuvamile, izinhlangano babe abantu elibhekele ezempilo nokuphepha. Ilawula nokuvikeleka. Uma ukuphambuka itholiwe kusuka kuyinsakavukela, okuyinto kufanele ibe emsebenzini, inqobo nje uma umthwalo. Lokho kubhaliwe eNcwadini ka umthetho. Isijeziso kuyinto zokuphatha, isigebengu, kwezigwegwe.

AbaPhathi nabaPhathi iziphathimandla asimeme ukuphoqelela izinhlawulo umuntu obhekene ngesimo yokuxoshwa, a ukhuze, inhlawulo. Uma kukhona ukwephulwa komthetho okubi, umuntu obhekene isijeziso, ukungakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi, lokuqondisa izigwegwe nokuboshwa.

Injongo eyinhloko inkampani ukuthatha isinyathelo ukuze uphephe. Kuphela uma kuhambisana, kungenzeka ukuthuthukisa umsebenzi kahle, futhi siqinisekise ukusebenza kwaloluhlelo izisebenzi.