Izibonelo real-time wokusebenza. Izibonelo inethiwekhi wokusebenza

Uhlelo lokusebenza ngesikhathi sangempela (RTOS) - lokhu OS, oqinisekisa namandla athile predetermined isikhawu sesikhathi. Ngokwesibonelo, kungase kube yakhelwe ukuze sibonise ukuthi into isibe etholakalayo robot phezu yokwakha izimoto eziningi. ezinengilazi okunjalo ihlukaniswa njengoba "kanzima" futhi "soft."

real-time Hard wokusebenza ucabange ukuthi ukubala ayikwazi abulawe, noma leyo nto ayitholakali kwesikhathi esiqokiwe (lokhu kusebenza kuzophela ukuhluleka).

I soft yesistimu yokusebenza ngesikhathi sangempela umhlangano line ngaphansi kwalezi zimo izoqhubeka isebenze, kodwa okukhipha liphansi ngoba izindawo abakwazi kwenziwe kutholakale ngesikhathi esifanele, futhi umphumela waba ukuthi robot ngeke abakhiqizi okwesikhashana.

Ngaphambi kokuba izibonelo zangempela esigcwele olusebenzisayo, udinga ukuqonda izici ukusetshenziswa kwabo. Ezinye zalezi OS zidalwe eqondile yohlelo lokusebenza, kuyilapho abanye - ngokuba jikelele ngaphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye bezinhlamvu jikelele-njongo ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziselwa ukusebenza ngesikhathi sangempela. Njengoba izibonelo lolu hlobo wokusebenza ongenza owaziwa Windows 2000 noma-IBM Microsoft / 390. Okungukuthi, ngisho noma uhlelo lokusebenza akusho uhlangabezane nezimfuneko ezithile, kungase kube nezici ukuba sizibuze yona njengoba isixazululo nezinkinga ezithile isicelo ngesikhathi sangempela.

Izibonelo izinhlelo zokusebenza kanye kwebalingisi yabo

Ngokuvamile, i-operating system kwesikhathi real ine izici ezilandelayo:

• Ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi.
• Inqubo notshwala ukuthi kungenziwa eqhulwini.
• Inani elanele amazinga uphazamisa.

wokusebenza Real-time avame ukusetshenziswa lapho kwenziwa izikhumba encane obekiwe, ezisetshenziswa microdevices format. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye nucleus kubhekwe njengento eyodwa-tasking yesistimu yokusebenza (isibonelo: ikhenela njengengxenye iOS, Android, njll ...) Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi real. Nokho, ukwenza imisebenzi yabo zidinga ezinye izingxenye zedivayisi, isibonelo, abashayeli. Yingakho agcwele uhlelo lokusebenza sangempela, njengoba umthetho, ingaphezu nje ikhenela.

Isibonelo esivamile isicelo RTOS HDTV-umamukeli bese kokubukwa. Kufanele ufunde isignali digital, ukuqopha futhi ukubonisa ngesimo idatha engenayo. Kokulibala kuyoba obonakalayo njengoba ividiyo kwe-pixel kanye / noma umsindo siphazamisekile.

Nokho, lapho umsindo ukujabulisa "ukunikeza izibonelo wokusebenza zalolu hlobo," libhekisela yisho amagama edume kunazo zonke. Yini ingxenye yaleli qembu?

VxWorks kusuka izinkampani WindRiver

VxWorks kuyinto system yokusebenza real-time athuthukile njengendlela software nokuphathelene ngosizo WindRiver. Lapho kuqala wadedelwa ngo 1987, VxWorks ekuqaleni yenzelwe ukusetshenziswa izinhlelo esishunyekiwe ezidinga sangempela futhi ukusebenza deterministic. Ngakho, izibonelo lolu hlobo wokusebenza asetshenziswa ezindaweni ukuvikelwa kanye nokuphepha, izimboni ezahlukene (ikakhulukazi aerospace kanye ukuzivikela), womshini amadivaysi ezokwelapha, imishini ezimbonini, amarobhothi, amandla, ukuphathwa ezokuthutha, ingqalasizinda, ngcono electronics yezimoto kanye umthengi.

VxWorks isekela Intel (x86, kuhlanganise inguqulo entsha IntelQuarkSoC futhi x86-64), MIPS, PowerPC, SH-4, futhi asekelwe-izakhiwo. Senziwa RTOS ikhenela enamandla, middleware, usekelo Imali-based isengezo amaphakheji kanye hardware ubuchwepheshe kusukela kwezinye abakhiqizi. Eyakhishwa zakamuva - the VxWorks 7 - uhlelo ibuyekeziwe kuya modularity futhi kokuthuthukisa ukuze ikhenela OS eziqukethwe ngokuhlukile middleware, izicelo, kanye nezinye amaphakheji.

QNX Neutrino

Futhi izibonelo zakudala yalolu hlobo wokusebenza - abanye igobolondo Unix-like. Njalo is QNX Neutrino, ekuqaleni kule 1980 zakuqala, yinkampani yaseCanada Quantum Software Systems. Ekugcineni, ukuthuthukiswa BlackBerry u aluthola ku-2010. QNX ingenye okudayiswayo yimpumelelo microkernel wokusebenza wokuqala, okuyinto esetshenziswa amadivayisi ahlukahlukene, kuhlanganise imoto nomakhalekhukhwini.

FreeRTOS

FreeRTOS yayithandwa yenuzi OS real-time esishunyekiwe amadivaysi, okuyinto ukulayishwa 35 microcontrollers. Lolo hide luqala ngo ngaphansi kwelayisense GPL nge umkhawulo eyengeziwe kanye okuhlukile ozikhethela. Okuvumelekile unqabela yokulinganisa yaphela hlangana nenyanga, kuyilapho yokukhululwa sivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi basebenzise ikhodi yabo uma kukhona umthombo avaliwe, ebe egcina core uqobo. Ngakho kusiza FreeRTOS ukusetshenziswa izicelo zakho.

Windows CE

Windows Embedded Compact - iyona uhlelo lokusebenza le-subfamily athuthukile "Microsoft" corporation ngaphakathi Windows umndeni Embedded imikhiqizo. Ngokungafani Standard Windows Embedded, ogxile Windows NT, lezi zibonelo wokusebenza zisebenzisa okukhethekile hybrid ikhenela. "Microsoft" inkampani inikeza Windows ilayisensi CE ngenxa abakhiqizi imishini yasekuqaleni ongalungisa futhi udale siqu interface yabo yomsebenzisi, ukuhlinzeka ngesisekelo ezobuchwepheshe aleli.