Incazelo Petersburg: izikhangibavakashi, ubungcweti, iminyuziyamu

Inhlokodolobha enyakatho izinkulungwane zezivakashi minyaka yonke. Okuhilelekile nabo ubuhle kanye nomkhathi engavamile omuzi wasendulo. Incazelo Petersburg edonsela zonke connoisseur bokwakha engavamile, Umlando othakazelisayo, ikhono uzizwa umoya kwenkathi wasebukhosini.

Incazelo Petersburg

Petersburg muva wabizwa ngokuthi Leningrad, isizukulwane amadala okukhumbulayo. Hero City, inhlokodolobha yamasiko eRussia, Venice zethu - zonke lezi epithets ngumuzi. Peter nje owuthanda izivakashi nge ubuhle bayo kanye nobuhle. Noma ubani obelokhu lapha ufuna ukubuyela. Futhi akumangalisi.

Isimo sezulu Petersburg ngokuvamile esinamafu, kodwa kukhona izinsuku sunny. Isimo sezulu lapha ekhetheke kakhulu. Abaningi eze ngqo kule ndawo ukujabulela ukukhanya kwelanga ezinzulwini zobusuku, okuyinto idume Petersburg. Izithombe izincazelo lezi zinto ukuba ukwazi ukudala wonke ama-albhamu. Catch ngenkathi unga ekupheleni May kuya ku-July. I amabhuloho ngaso nobusuku obungamashumi emhlophe - umbukwane kumnandi. Wonke umuntu kufanele ubone ngamehlo ami siqu. Oh, bangaki umshado iziphakamiso ngikuzwile amabhuloho emlandweni walo!

incazelo Architectural Petersburg ezikhangayo ugcizelela ukujula isitayela, ubuhle, izakhiwo, amasonto, izikwele, amabhuloho futhi izindlela. Uzizwa umlando kuzo zonke izitini. Lapho umuntu emi endaweni enkulu, uzizwa sengathi umhlanganyeli e nezenzakalo ezingokomlando. Kubonakala sengathi lapha manje izohambisa ukuthutha futhi aphume nenkosi yalo ezingenziwa nomkhaya noma ozoba lady esilandelayo izingubo Chic lace isambulela ngesandla sakhe. Ngu ngomnotho komuzi izingadi namapaki - Petersburg ngokwanele babo, futhi ambition. Ensimini ehlobo ungahamba usuku lonke, ligcwele zasemazweni, nxazonke kukhona namabhentshi. Ungakwazi uhlale, unethezeke bese dream mayelana okunye.

Suburbs Petersburg

Izikhangibavakashi Petersburg, incazelo emfushane futhi izithombe kungatholakala kunoma iyiphi incwadi reference for the izivakashi sikhona ezweni. Amapaki, izingadi, izigodlo ePeterhof, Gatchina futhi Tsarskoye Selo, nemithombo amahle - akunakwenzeka ukuba banake lokhu. Kuyinto buciko ezimangalisayo ngawo konke nakhiwe emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka edlule, njengoba besho "kuze kube phakade". Beautiful umthombo Ensemble ePeterhof ubuhle mesmerizing futhi ukukhanya. Iphandle yaziwa ngokuthanda ezindlini zabo zamakhosi. Ngamunye ingcebo kuyofikwa, ukunethezeka, ubudala. Isigodlo amahholo ahlale zisesimweni ephelele, bakhuthazwa yokuthi ingxenye yalo - a sokunconywa oqondile zezivakashi, ezihlobene ngokucophelela ukuze indaba. Ngokukhethekile kungafiseleka ukunikela abadumile Amber Room, e Tsarskoye Selo. Lokhu uyisikhumbuzo somlando esiyingqayizivele. Kumele uhlangabezane nezimfuneko ezikhethekile. Kuphela kuleli gumbi isiqophi wavalwa ngokuphelele nezithombe, ukuvimbela Ukuwohloka amber. Lokhu wobuciko ushiya akekho ngabandayo, kahle, umlando - ithuba ukudalwa izincwadi eziningi ezimangalisayo nama-movie. ekhoneni Ngamunye Palace, igumbi ngalinye ilungele ukutshela umlando wakhe Imfihlo kwenzekeni lapha eminyakeni eminingi edlule. Ukuvakashela izigodlo lizwe, kungcono ukusebenzisa umhlahlandlela. izindaba kwakhe kuyoba kakhulu futhi ithakaseleka.

izakhiwo

Central Saint Petersburg incazelo ukhumbuza Venice yakhe Italy. Kwakuhlelwe kuKesari Peter - ujike enhlokodolobha enyakatho wafana Amsterdam futhi Venice. Kwakuhlelwe ukuba edolobheni yanqamula imisele yamanzi esikhundleni ezitaladini. Architects langaleso sikhathi wakwazi ukwakha idolobha nge ukubukeka esiyingqayizivele, inhliziyo abakhathazekile, umphefumulo Russian. Kahle imibono yabo obusingethwe ensembles amahle yezakhiwo, okuyinto namanje sokujabulisa izakhamuzi nezivakashi. Zonke zezihambeli ziyafika ukubona izinto eziyinhloko Petersburg, isithombe kanye nencazelo okufakazela ubunjalo izitayela lathumela. Ngokuthakazelisayo, ngomthetho inkosi kuzo zonke izakhiwo ezakhiwa ngokuphelele itshe, kuyilapho lonke elaseRussia njengendlela yokwakha kwenqatshelwe ukuyisebenzisa. Isici esiphawulekayo bangaleso sikhathi babesebenza kuyo "proshpekty" - perpendicular mgwaqo. Umbhali misebenzi kwaba engumFulentshi Jean-Baptiste Leblond. Umakhi lokuqala umuzi wawuyigolide Trezzini, ayekhuluma ngesihloko Ensemble emaphakathi Petersburg. amakhosi Omkhulu adaliwe ezifana yobuciko yezakhiwo njengoba satholakala eKhothameni Lika-General Abasebenzi, Palace Square, le Winter Palace, Alexander Ikholomu Bronze owehhashi Decembrists Square, Smolny Cathedral, Cathedral St-Isaka, uPetru noPawulu Fortress kanye nezakhiwo eziningi kanye izikhumbuzo, amapaki, okuyizinto kusasele amakhulu eminyaka ukuba sazise siphinde ukumangala izivakashi we dolobha Northern.

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe Petersburg: Incazelo

Njalo izivakashi oqhubeka uhambo Petersburg, qiniseka ukuthi uvakashela iminyuziyamu. Edolobheni inombolo yabo enkulu, engaphezu ngisho eMoscow, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuba ahambele wonke ngesikhathi esisodwa. Futhi ukuchaza kwelinye sihloko ngesikhathi sabo akunakwenzeka. Incazelo Petersburg ezikhangayo uqinisekise ukuthi ufaka zonke iminyuziyamu futhi simazi kangcono ngamunye wabo kuzosiza lwemibhalo wadala ngokukhethekile. Bangakwazi ukufunda ngomlando Museum ngalinye, amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana ziphephile ethulwa khona. Ngaphezu kwalokhu - kungenwa kanjani kule ngosi lokhu noma lokhuya isikhungo.

Kwaba Petersburg, waqala umlando we kakhulu kuqala iminyuziyamu Russian. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, kuleli zwe ayikho le nto enjalo. Manje vula izivakashi njengoba izindawo ethandwa kakhulu, futhi izinto ezincane kwamasiko ukuthi abe ngokucacile emincane. Mayelana ezinye zazo awazi ngisho izakhamuzi zedolobha. Zonke ezikhangayo Museum Uyakufanelekela uzovulelwa zonke, ukukhuluma ngezenzakalo ezihlukahlukene, ubuntu edume.

Izivakashi eza lokhu noma lokhuya Museum ukuthola ncamashi ngokwazi ukuthi kuhlelwe ukuze uthole. Vakashela isihloko amakamelo, ungathola eziningi izimpendulo zemibuzo ukubona okwakwenzeka emzini ngesikhathi livinjezelwe, njengoba umthelela kunqubomgomo lomuzi ngo-1917, yini izimfihlo zigcinwa doll ngokwayo noma yini izinkanyezi ukutshela.

Wonke umuntu oza uPetru, kumele uvakashele Hermitage. Ukuya khona, isivele kungenzeki ukuphuma le ndoda endala. Dula Museum ngosuku olulodwa akunakwenzeka. Iqoqo is ahlanganiswe maphakathi nekhulu XVIII, kusukela yaqala ukuba, futhi kuyaqhubeka kuze kube manje.

Qiniseka ukuvakashela futhi State Russian Museum. Lapha kuphela ungakwazi "ukuphefumula" umlando, ukubona izincwadi ezingavamile zasendulo.

Hermitage

Iyiphi incazelo zokungcebeleka Petersburg Hermitage nakanjani kumele ivunyelwe. I State Museum kubhekwa omunye izikhungo kakhulu emlandweni endala kunawo wonke emhlabeni, into yamasiko eRussia. Indaba yakhe waqala nge Umbusikazi uCatherine II. Wathola iqoqo olunothile kusukela Berlin yomthengisi Ernst Gotzkowsky. Kwangezikhathi omkhulu kunayo yonke futhi abaculi abanamakhono kakhulu lapha. Indlovukazi ayelithenge kubo isipho iNkosi yasePrussia Friedrich II. Nokho, ngenxa yempi eyathatha iminyaka eyisikhombisa, inkosi ayikwazanga ukwamukela lesi sipho. Ngaleso sikhathi, waqala ukuthuthukiswa Museum. Manje isisekelo osukwini lwayo ubhekwa 7 Disemba - usuku St Catherine. Ekuqaleni kwaba nekamelo encane - Hermitage encane, kodwa kancane kancane akhulela esikhulu awuthwala igama uyaziqhenya - Imperial.

Kuyoba ezithakazelisayo ukuvakashela izingane Petersburg. Izikhangibavakashi, izithombe kanye nencazelo okungase ukuthola kusengaphambili, tshela eziningi ezithakazelisayo futhi ulwazi. Into izifundo yomlando izotholwa kanye Hermitage. Namuhla kuba eziyinkimbinkimbi Museum siqukethe izakhiwo ezinhlanu. Bona welulela egudle uMfula iNeva, eholwa esinesithunzi Winter Palace. iqoqo Museum liqukethe ababalelwa ezigidini ezintathu ziphephile - a izikhumbuzo kwamasiko, usebenza yobuciko.

Ngemva Catherine siguqule ngempumelelo Museum u-Alexander I, owayeneminyaka umzukulu indlovukazi. Ngo 1810 eyathengwa igalari Malmaison. Kuzvelta Umdwebo 1814 ungeze iqoqo eliyingqayizivele esigodlweni. Ngo 1815, ehlanganyela ibutho e-Paris, u-Alexander uthenge ukuqoqwa ebaziwe Beauharnais.

Phakathi nokubusa Nikolae Ermitazh futhi agcwaliswa yobuciko kwamasiko. BezeMpi Igalari of 1812 babe ekumeni of Amaqhawe neminyaka yempi. Ekhulwini XIX, umnyuziyamu uye wazakhela bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene. Lapho umbuso wamaSoviet kwaba sokulondoloza ukwandisa amasiko. Ngo-1956, umnyuziyamu uye abe esinezitezi ezintathu. izingoma Hermitage ukukhombisa ukuthuthukiswa impucuko kusukela Stone Age kuze kube namuhla.

Cathedral St Sika-Isaka Sokuba

Ukwenza incazelo Petersburg, umxoxi ngamunye ngempela khumbula lombhishobhi esiyingqayizivele. Cathedral St Sika-Isaka Sokuba - akuyona nje omunye ezikhangayo esemqoka Petersburg, kodwa kulo lonke elaseRussia kanye lelo parele. Huge isakhiwo oluyingungu eYurophu ngendlela engenakuqhathaniswa. Umlando ethempelini waqala ngaphansi uPetru mina, kodwa yabuye yakhiwa kabusha kambalwa. Lapho u-Alexander I wamemezela umncintiswano umsebenzi engcono. Ukuze ukumakhela the brilliant engumFulentshi Montferrand iphrojekthi eside iminyaka engamashumi amane. Umphumela izindleko okulindele. Zonke izakhiwo amangala futhi bakhexa grand yamatshe ingcebo, imidwebo ingaphakathi, isikali lesi sakhiwo. Cathedral St Sika-Isaka Sokuba - yilona hlaka ezinamandla kakhulu futhi ezinsukwini zethu. Hlobisa Cathedral neshumi nambili amakholomu. UMbuso omkhulu Dome segolide uhlukile, aye wasigcina inqaba yalo kuze kube manje. imininingwane eziningi zokuhlobisa zenziwa nodwendwe emasikweni ahlukene amakhosi bokwakha Russian. Ekwakheni ukuwo okungcono izingcweti Russian abeza Petersburg zivela kulo lonke leli lizwe. Imisebenzi bahlangana ethempelini, yiwona kuphela, eliyingqayizivele futhi inimitable ngendlela yalo.

Okwamanje, iSonto St Sika-Isaka Sokuba Petersburg kuba Museum zamanje, nakuba kukhona inkonzo njalo. Udaba lokuhlolwa kwesifo ukudluliselwa Cathedral of Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia. Njengoba umuntu wathi lamathempeli omkhulu akwakhelwa ukukhombisa izakhiwo ukuba yindlu kaNkulunkulu.

ePeterhof

Unqume ukuvakashela Petersburg? Izikhangibavakashi, izithombe kanye nencazelo Lomthombo esigodlweni futhi epaki Ensemble nakanjani uzokunika zonke izivakashi ePeterhof. Iphuzu laliwukuthi ukuze udale Tsar uPetru esigodlweni wezinto ezinhle kangaka ukuthi ngabe idlule Versailles French. Zonke bamangala kanjani isikhathi esifushane waqaphela lo mbono. Kakade 1723 ePeterhof wavulwa esimweni zemikhosi, nemithombo wathola, Sea Channel, izigodlo eziningana, wakhangwa up uhlelo be Lower Park.

Insimu wakhethwa ngokuhlakanipha, yonke indawo kwakukhona machibi ukuthi wapha okhiye. Esikhathini kwama 20s eyakhelwe, isiteshi esakhiwe imithombo. Lower Ipaki yakhelwe ngendlela ekhethekile. Esikhathini Upper - ne shestnadtsatimetrovoy ukuphakama amanzi amachibi uwela ngokusebenzisa amapayipi, futhi zonke ngesisindo sakhe Kuphendula up in the Lower Park, ukwakha lenqwaba Jets.

Phakathi nokubusa ukuthuthukiswa uPetru II Palace Ipaki kumile. Futhi kuphela sibonga Anne Ioannovne, nokubuyiselwa futhi sathuthukisa, aba nesandla ekuthuthukeni kwalo umakhi Zemtsov.

Ngeshwa, seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili wabhubhisa izitshalo eziningi ezingavamile ePeterhof. Izigodlo zaphangwa amaJalimane, Grand Palace yabhujiswa. ngemva kwempi Eminyakeni embalwa waqala ukubuyiselwa eqenjini lomculo. Kodwa maphakathi nekhulu-lamashumi amabili kuphela ke wabuyiswa ukuze endaweni kwesithombe uSamsoni.

Ngo incazelo Petersburg Ngokuqinisekile ihlanganisa ekudalweni esiyingqayizivele kwekhulu XVIII - ePeterhof. Kusukela kolwandle, ukubukwa amahle we Grand Palace emva kwakhe egqoke igolide Grand Cascade. Esabekayo phambi wabo uSamsoni. Sea isiteshi okuholela kolwandle, inqamuka Lower Ipaki zibe izingxenye ezimbili: eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga.

UMsindisi eBlood ezichithekile

Sanquma ukuhlola amasayithi main Petersburg? Incazelo emfushane Bandla uMsindisi Yegazi kufanele aqiniseke ukuze unakwe yakho. Dlula akanandaba yilo uMkhandlu uhluleka ubani. Njalo izivakashi uyama bese ubuka yonke imininingwane ezibangela izimpendulo kuphela ekuthandeni. Isonto koMsindisi Yegazi - izakhiwo ekhazimulayo emakhulwini eminyaka adlule. Nobuhle, sobuhle bayo, Silhouettes ekahle - izici eziyisisekelo esingokwemvelo ngakho.

Futhi kwakuyini kusayithi ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX? Le ndawo phakathi kweziteshi - Warsaw kanye Baltic - kwadingeka igama elibi. Ukusetha izakhiwo, landscape zibuthuntu izindawo ilele, abasebenzi uthele kwemihelo in imigoqo, futhi akukho kukuliphi isonto. Society iye basisize lemfundo zokuziphatha nezenkolo, bakwazi yokuthola ulimi olulodwa neziphathimandla kutfola umhlaba ukuze kwakhiwe ithempeli.

Cathedral sabekwa ngo-1984 ne ekugubheni umshado wasebukhosini. Kamuva umphakathi isonto elalihlelwe ngayo, kusiza ukuba sibhekane ngokuphumelelayo utshwala. Wasiza esontweni bonke abantu besonto abaswele futhi eziqhutshwa iminyaka eminingi, baze bafika amandla bona, abaseSoviet. Ukushushiswa ethembekileyo ngesikhathi kutholakala ngezinga elikhulu, isonto cishe ibhujisiwe, futhi izinceku badutshulwe.

Kuphela ngo-1990, isonto lombhishobhi waqala alulame, ngesikhathi senkonzo Easter labetibambile lapha, isakhiwo manje kungokwalabo Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia.

esigodlweni kwebhuloho

I bobukhulu namandla ezikhangayo emangalisayo Petersburg. Photo zeziqu, izincazelo ukuheha bonke abathandi sokunethezeka, zinhlobo wasebukhosini. Palace Bridge esitfombeni ubukeka amahle kakhulu e ifomu buhlanjululwe, ngemuva - a Fortress ongaqondakali futhi uPawulu, elondoloza izimfihlo lwesigodlo amasu okugumbuqela imibuso.

History of the Palace Bridge uya ngasekupheleni kwekhulu XIX. izicelo eziningi ezitholwe uhulumeni ukuba esikhundleni kwebhuloho ongasasebenzi, elalisendlini kule ndawo, plokshouty kuminze emfuleni ngokuphelele. mncintiswano ukuklama ukwakhiwa ophakeme kunabo bonke eqinile kwamenyezelwa. Wanqoba Pshenitsky yakhe. Kuphela ngo-1912 waqala ukwakhiwa. Ngokusemthethweni wavula kwebhuloho ngo-1916. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva wakhululwa okuthiwa Republican. Ekuqaleni, leli bhuloho kwaba ezicijile zokhuni ezincane, aqala wayesevele engamashumi amabili kamuva zathathelwa isikhundla yensimbi. Eminyakeni 70 kwezibani futhi isimo ezisebenza zivuselelwe. Kuphela 1997, ibhuloho une illuminations langa ahlotshiswa. Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu omkhulu ngobukhulu, it has nezipani ezinhlanu, phakathi kokuhlukanisa. ubude bayo - 250 metres, ububanzi - 28.

Palace Square

Petersburg Izikhangibavakashi amagama nezincazelo izivakashi zabo zonke like idluliselwa esikhathini esidlule, ezinsukwini zamakhosi nezikhonzi. Kubonakala sengathi kuba ingxenye indaba, eziphonsa ezenzakalweni Umuzi omdala. Isigodlo Park, Palace Bridge kanye, yebo, Palace Square. Eliphawuleka kakhulu, indawo enkulu Petersburg. Ezenzeka lapha, baziwa emhlabeni wonke. Akukhona nje azifezile abadumile ezenzeka lapha, endaweni idume. buka Architectural, usayizi ezinkulukazi abathandwa zonke izivakashi.

Kwasukasukela kule ndawo kwaba Admiralty edlelweni, igcwele utshani. Kwahlelwa lapha imikhosi emikhulu SMME. Namuhla, ebuka slabs egwadle, kunzima ukucabanga. Ukukhazinyuliswa abantu Russian ngemva kokunqoba ngo 1812 kwaba imbangela yalokhu ekuguquleni ndawo. Ukuhlela ukwakheka Rossi ngo-1819 bezazisa wokuvelela wokwakha. Ezinye izindlu ezindala aye kudilizwe lapha, abanye bangena phrojekthi. Isici esibalulekile kakhulu endaweni - Alexander Ikholomu. nombhali lesikhumbuzo - Montferrand. Ukuphakama ikholomu - 47 metres, isisindo - 600 amathani. Ukwakhiwa neyaziwayo aphakeme ikholomu lokunqoba. ke sanikezelwa ukunqoba Napoleon. UPDATE ikholomu ingelosi segolide phezulu, wachaza ukuthi uqhuba engu- ezandleni zakhe. Uphawu ukukhazinyuliswa Russian izingalo steel bas-imifanekiso on the isinyathelo. Kukhona inganekwane ukuthi amaBolshevik esikhundleni ingilozi engu- uthanda ukufaka into ebaziwe ka Lenin, kodwa bahluleka ngezizathu ezingaziwa.