IKazan Cathedral, Petersburg: umlando, incazelo, imifanekiso

Omunye izakhiwo zenkolo elikhulu enhlokodolobha enyakatho - yobukhosi Cathedral Kazan. Kusukela izindawo maphakathi zombili wamaphiko ukusabalala - emphemeni. Ngaphandle lombhishobhi lihlotshiswe bas-imifanekiso, wenza limestone aphuzi. Ukwakhiwa kwenza indaba ibhaleke omkhulu. umhlobiso Yangaphakathi nangaphandle ethempelini unikina: 56 amakholomu omangalisayo, okuyinto zenziwa Finnish egwadle pink futhi ehlotshiswe capitals gilt laseKorinte, ukwakha umuzwa isikhala kanye nobuhle.

Cathedral Isakhiwo

Isithonjana Kazan uNina kaNkulunkulu esikhathini esidlule amabili eminyaka, kuyinto esifuze le Romanov lwamakhosi. Yaqala kuze kufike emzini ngu-Peter I. Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu XVII Petersburg Yakhiwa Bandla Blessed Virgin Mary (umlobi yephrojekthi - M. Zemtsov, umakhi abadumile Russian). Kwaba khona kanye endaweni lapho lombhishobhi omangalisayo iseningizimu namuhla. Ekupheleni kwekhulu, libandla, izakhiwo eduze ezidiliziwe, kokushiya indawo omkhulu enkabeni yedolobha.

Ukudala iphrojekthi

art mncintiswano for the design of ibandla elisha kwamenyezelwa. Lo mbuso waqhubeka ubusa cishe iminyaka emithathu (1797-1800 GG.). Ngaphambi iqhaza Kwakuyinselele ngempela. Paul Bengifisa ukuthi sethempeli elisha owawufana Cathedral edumile St kaPetru, eRome, umsebenzi omkhulu Michelangelo Buonarroti, nezinye abaklami Yenguquko. Cathedral buboshwe ukuhlobisa emphemeni, cishe iyafana noma eseduze Cathedral of St Peter ngo umakhi Giovanni kukuyo. Kwakubalulekile ukubhala isakhiwo esisha omkhulukazi kuleli kakade ehlotshisiwe isikhala yezakhiwo.

Ngokuhambisana izimiso ze-altare Orthodox yebandla kufanele uzovulelwa empumalanga, olungaphambili lwesonto main - entshonalanga, okusho Meschanskuyu (manje Kazan) emgwaqweni.

Kusukela ekuqaleni mncintiswano kwakusijabulisa abaklami enkulu iqhaza - P. Gonzaga, A. N. Voronihin, Cameron. Ngo-1800, ngokubamba iqhaza emncintiswaneni efika e-dolobha JF Thomon.

Ekuqaleni uPawulu mina evunyiwe iphrojekthi kaCharles Cameron. Nokho, sibonga ukusekelwa Ukubala A. S. Stroganova, esasiphethe ukwakhiwa project A. N. Voronihina kwavunyelwana ngoNovemba 1800. Lokhu Isixazululo kabanzi futhi isikhathi eside okuxoxwe ngazo umphakathi. Ikakhulukazi eshubile okubangelwa Voronikhin umsuka owayeyilungu wangaphambili serf stroganoff. Freestyle, wathola ngo-1786.

ithempeli kunesonto

Kazan Cathedral shrine eyinhloko - isithonjana eziyisimangaliso uNina kaNkulunkulu. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVII, ngesikhathi somzabalazo ne abahlaseli isiSwidi Polish, isithonjana ngaso sonke isikhathi sihambisana izidlamlilo ePrince Dmitry Pozharsky. Khona-ke yayigcinwe endaweni eMoscow Terem iKazan Cathedral.

Peter mina e 1710 beyalwa ukuba imenze Petersburg Antique ukuphindaphinda yesithombe ngokuyisimangaliso.

Lapho Voronikhin eyakhelwe Cathedral of the Kazan Isithonjana nenze intando kaKesari uPawulu mina, wasebenzisa i-prototype ohlongozwayo isisusa kuphela emphemeni ongaphambili omise, elise phambi ukwakhiwa kwethempeli. Zonke ezinye izindaba zika umakhi Russian kudale isakhiwo ezimele owathela kahle akha saseNevsky Prospekt.

95 amakholomu omkhulu delineate endaweni encane. I sokunene nesobunxele uphela emphemeni inthanethi omkhulu. Lokhu ukwakhiwa unenjongo ekhethekile - basibekele umzimba omkhulu esontweni.

Ngokugcwele wokwakha waba awenziwanga. Lapho eseqedile ukwakha iKazan Cathedral, umakhi ahlinzekwa nokwakha Voronikhin emphemeni elalisemagcekeni ohlangothini lwaseningizimu lesi sakhiwo. Kwadingeka ukuphinda uzakwabo enyakatho. Nokho, isiphakamiso sakhe sinqatshelwe.

incazelo ethempelini

Ohlangothini ezitaladini Kazan, kwanqunywa ukuba enze emnyango eziyinhloko iKazan Cathedral. Petersburg ithole isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele ngokuphelele, okuyinto kufanele uyaziqhenya Petersburg, futhi isithakazelo izihambeli eziningi ezazivela edolobheni.

Ngokuya Cathedral ungathi ukuma Latin cross, ngenhla phakathi ayo, lumelela umkhatsi omkhulu. I yangaphandle ikholomu entablement, amakepisi, futhi ulwelwesi pudostskogo imifanekiso zenziwa zamatshe. Lena limestone sasivumela elithambile, has a kwe-tint aphuzi. It sasithathwa eduze Petersburg.

Eziqoshwe namaqembu sculptural ukuhlobisa wonke umuzi Saint Petersburg. IKazan Cathedral ngalo mqondo akuyona ngaphandle. Lapha ebaziwe egcizelelwa umklamo zangaphandle. On attics inthanethi (ohlangothini komgwaqo) zitholakala bas-imifanekiso. Ngecala lasentshonalanga - umsebenzi IP Prokofiev, ngasempumalanga - the I. umkhiqizo P. Martosa. Ngenhla kwe-altare edumile esiqoshiwe sase-D. Rachette.

North yokungena lihlotshiswe iminyango omkhulu kukhona ikhophi esiqondile "Amasango kwePharadesi" we okubhapathiza. Basuke wazenza ngethusi umqophi Italian Lorenzo Ghiberti.

Nhlangothi zombili iminyango, e niches ezikhethekile zethusi izibalo Andreya Pervozvannogo futhi Ioanna Krestitelya, uVladimir Alinganayo kwabaphostoli; Aleksandra Nevskogo.

Bas "Wokudumisa izazi", "I Annunciation", "I Wokudumisa abelusi", "I-Flight eGibithe" zitholakala kuvulandi enyakatho.

The ingaphakathi umhlobiso

IKazan Cathedral (Saint Petersburg) kuyinto Ingaphakathi ocebile futhi onesizotha. Kwezwakala isikali Russian namandla. I iconostasis lokuqala esiyingqayizivele sidalwe ngokudweba A.Voronihina.

Ngandlela-thile kamuva (1836) senziwa isipho okunethezeka edolobheni. Petersburg, iKazan Cathedral got entsha, incuse iconostasis esiliva esenziwa umakhi KA Ithoni. Wayelethwa iphinde ithunjwe yi Don Cossacks e 1812 yi-French.

Iningi imifanekiso wabhala abaculi best of the ekuqaleni XIX leminyaka - OA Kiprensky, VL Borovikovsky, F. A. Bruni, VK Shebuev GI Ugriumov, Bryullov nabanye abaningi.

Inani ethempelini

Ngo 1811, yena waba okubusiswa iKazan Cathedral. Petersburg ayinakekele ngesisa inkumbulo onesibindi amasosha isiRashiya, kwesokudla esuka ethempelini, aphethwe isiguqo, bathunyelwa neMpi Yezwe II.

Kusukela lombhishobhi waya lokuyala ibutho Russian M. I. Kutuzov, kodwa lapha umzimba wakhe wangcwatshwa honours ngo-1813, e-Crypt ngaphansi amakhothamo angu iKazan Cathedral. iminyaka engamashumi amabili nane on esigcawini phambi lombhishobhi kwaba lesikhumbuzo kumlawuli okukhulu.

I iKazan Cathedral egcinwe Trophies eziningi kweMpi Yezwe II: izibhengezo, wanqoba amabutho ebanjwe izihluthulelo yemizi nezinqaba.

nenkathi yamaSoviet

Isizukulwane samanje kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi ngo-1929 savalwa yi iKazan Cathedral. Petersburg (ke Leningrad) waqala umzabalazo esebenzayo ngokumelene "Dope zenkolo." Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu le sayithi mlando iyisonto Museum of umlando ukungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu. imifanekiso Sibalulekile lombhishobhi abangu kancane adluliselwe Museum Russian.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu futhi ohlonishwayo kakhulu ithempeli kunesonto - isithonjana UnguNina KaNkulunkulu - wayiswa lombhishobhi elalisemagcekeni ohlangothini Petrograd. Interior empeleni Kwatholakala ukuba baphanga, ke yabhidlika kabana ngesikhathi ukulungiswa ahlukahlukene.

Cathedral namuhla

Ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, le iKazan Cathedral Petersburg wabuyela besifunda-bhishobhi, futhi nalo ithempeli wabuya isimo alahlekile. Ekuqaleni ngekhulu xxi, ethempelini bonke abantu besonto wabingelela isithonjana ngokuyisimangaliso UnguNina KaNkulunkulu, oye wabuyela endaweni yalo efanele.