IGMP nokutshontshwa: umqondo nokusetshenziswa

Ukujoyina e IP-nodes iqembu amadivayisi kunethiwekhi futhi imizila ukusebenzisa olandelwayo IGMP. Uhlelo Olulawula Ukunikezelana uphatha yokusakaza (iqembu) ukuthumela idatha amanethiwekhi. Itholakala ezingeni inethiwekhi nekhompyutha iklayenti uxhuma router wendawo ukudlulisa idatha phakathi kwazo. Khona-ke traffic amaningi okusakaza iqondiswe kwamanye amakhasimende ngokusebenzisa PIM olandelwayo. It uxhuma router zendawo kuya akude. Ngokusetshenziswa IGMP inethiwekhi imithombo yenombolo kwezicelo (imidlalo inthanethi, ukusakaza amavidiyo) ingasetshenziswa kahle kakhulu.

Nquma sezimoto ukusakaza ku-interface ezithile avumele ukusetshenziswa IGMP nokutshontshwa umsebenzi. Kuyini lokhu? Lokhu inqubo izicelo IGMP-kokulandela kubathengi (Sebawoti) kubaphakeli (imizila yokusakaza).

Umqondo nenjongo IGMP nokutshontshwa

NgesiNgisi le nokutshontshwa kusho "ekusithekeni". Lapho ocushiwe, idivaysi inethiwekhi Lesisemkhatsini (umzila noma idivayisi) iqala ukuhlaziya ukudluliselwa wonke amaphakethe idatha eyenziwa phakathi kwamakhompyutha iklayenti ixhunywe nalokho, futhi imizila, ekuletheni traffic yokusakaza okuningi. Isebenza kuhle nxa isicelo uxhumano esitshalweni port axhunyiwe umsebenzisi (amaklayenti), e isimo okuphambene (Shiya Isicelo) elihambisana port lisuswa kusukela iqembu.

Iningi abaxhumanisi IGMP nokutshontshwa kuyatholakala, kodwa kudinga yangaphambi kusebenze.

Kungani ukuqapha kwenethiwekhi?

Amaningi okusakaza-traffic angadluliselwa kuhlanganise computer, akanandaba ke. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i retransmission ukusakaza. Ukuvimbela ke, ukunciphisa umthwalo phezu inethiwekhi usebenzisa IGMP nokutshontshwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lolu hlobo zokuhlunga zidinga eyengeziwe inkumbulo ukusetshenziswa kanye kwandisa umthwalo kudivayisi. Nokho, buyafaneleka.

Uma iqale idivayisi ukudlulisa traffic wabalingisi abaningi ukuba zonke izimbobo bayo, abese:

• le nqubo alunamsebenzi;
• Kungase kuphakame izinkinga umsebenzi umamukeli yokugcina (idivayisi inethiwekhi), baphoqwa ukuba sisingathe ukugeleza enkulu idatha ezingadingekile.

Ukuze ugweme izimo ezinjalo, kukhona IGMP nokutshontshwa isici esithuthukisa kakhulu ekusebenzeni yonke inethiwekhi. Lizama izidingo inethiwekhi (lesithathu) ezingeni futhi ngaleyo ndlela lithuthukise isiteshi (wesibili) ezingeni ukudluliswa kwedatha.

Lokhu kufakwa umsebenzi wiretapping

Ukuze ugcine ithrekhi yokusakaza-traffic, kuzomele uqale unike amandla IGMP nokutshontshwa walimisa ngokwakho. Cabanga indlela ukwenza lokhu abaxhumanisi D-Link lapho ekusebenziseni amaningi okusakaza ukuthumela idatha isikimu. Amathimba ukuthuthukisa inethiwekhi wiretapping:

Ukuze ngakususi port kusukela iqembu inethiwekhi uma idivayisi ithole isicelo Shiya kusukela iklayenti, sebenzisa IGMP nokutshontshwa Fast Shiya umsebenzi. It ikuvumela ukumisa ukudluliswa ezingadingekile idatha notshwala yonkana inethiwekhi enombono operation othe xaxa. Ukuze unikeze lesi sici, sebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:

Isetshenziselwa kwenzeka ukuthi udinga ukunika amandla okufika amaningi okusakaza ukusatshalaliswa inkinobho nge engeyokuqala exhunyiwe iqhaza kule ukudluliswa kwedatha.

Izinhlobo IGMP-wiretapping

IGMP nokutshontshwa umsebenzi kungaba kokubili yekwentiwa kanye asebenzayo. Ngayiphi indlela?

1. Passive akusho ukuhlunga womgwaqo, kodwa umane ubala ke.
2. Active - uyalalela futhi amaphakethe zokuhlunga idatha ukunciphisa umsebenzi leqembu router.

Uhlobo ukusebenza kwalesi umsebenzi wesibili kakhulu ayethanda, ngoba ivumela ukunciphisa inani Imininingwane wadluliselwa izicelo filtration uxhumano router futhi off kuwo.

Ukusebenza IGMP nokutshontshwa-okhulumisana kusiza ukunciphisa umthwalo phezu kunethiwekhi ngokulandela ke icubungula ukushintshanisa kwe-data phakathi abahlinzeki (imizila sendawo) kanye nabasebenzisi (amakhompyutha iklayenti) traffic yokusakaza okuningi.