Ibhotela ongumlimi ibhotela 72,5% of the ukwakheka kanye nokubuyekezwa abakhiqizi

Ibhotela namuhla kufanele afakwe ohlwini impahla ebalulekile. Kodwa ku-esitolo amashalofu lo mkhiqizo uvezwa ezihlukahlukene okunjalo izinhlobo umthengi abavamile isikhathi eside futhi ngikhungathekile. I ezahlukene imikhiqizo kuhlanganisa ukhilimu ibhotela ongumlimi. Ngalokho-ke has a Ukwakheka ngokuvumelana GOST, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo, futhi obani, sizobe ukumboza kulesi sihloko.

Indaba le ibhotela

Umlando ibhotela uya emuva eminyakeni engaphezu kweyikhulu, kodwa iqiniso ukwazi uhlala lo mkhiqizo, okhokho bethu abazange bayisebenzise ukuthi adle. ENdiya, lalisetshenziswa emkhosini wokushisekela nemihlatshelo zenkolo, njengasezulwini neRoma lasendulo ngezinhloso zokwelapha, ikakhulukazi ekwelapheni izifo zesikhumba. Ibhotela ngisho ithengiswe kuphela Pharmacy. Njengoba umkhiqizo ukudla ke waqala ukuveza cishe ngo VIII-IX ekhulwini eScandinavia, kwathi ngekhulu XII ke ingeniswe lapha kusuke kuye kamanye amaphasi.

Ngesikhathi uPetru eRussia ghee yahlakazeka ukuthi ngenxa yokuntuleka amafriji iyashabalala futhi iqala ukunambitha ezibabayo. Kamuva baqala ukungenisa ibhotela aseBaltic kanye namazwe aseScandinavia. ERussia, lo mkhiqizo ngokuphelele kwaze kwaba sekhulwini XIX, cishe akazange enze ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa enganele nemfuyo. Kodwa sibonga cheesemaker abadumile UNikolai Vereshchagin isimo sesishintshile kakhulu.

Ngo-1870 embukisweni Paris usosayensi Russian sathola ithuba ukuzama uwoyela Norman, okuyinto ngakho okwamhlaba umxhwele nge ukunambitheka kwakhe Nutty kanti iphunga, kangangokuthi wanquma qiniseka ukulungiselela umkhiqizo ofanayo ezweni lazo. Ngakho kwakukhona Vologda abadumile, bese amafutha nabalimi abancane, kanye namanye zilwane. Namuhla, lo mkhiqizo kabanzi ezisetshenziselwa ukupheka, futhi ngokusetshenziswa kwayo kuyi ifomu okumsulwa ku sandwich kanye iphalishi.

Izinhlobo ibhotela

Faka kusigaba ibhotela kusuka eziningi ngezizathu.

Kuye freshness ukhilimu isetshenziswa:

• enuka futhi-bhotela - ikhiqizwa fresh ukhilimu pasteurized;
• ibhotela cultured - ikhiqizwa ukhilimu, isibilile nge acidosis acid ukuziqalela ekhethekile esibangelwe igciwane, ngakho-ke kunobuciko ehlukile kanti iphunga.

Kuye khona noma ukungabi khona usawoti lichaza ekwakheni zihlukaniswa:

• usawoti;
• ibhotela unsalted.

Kuye okuqukethwe amafutha (inani fat in the ukwakheka) kuyinto ibhotela:

• Traditional (82.5%);
• Amateur (80%);
• Izwe (72.5%);
• isangweji (61%);
• itiye (50%).

Cishe zonke izinhlobo amafutha etholwe ngenxa pasteurization cream ezingeni lokushisa 85-90 degrees. Okungabalulwa bendabuko uwoyela Vologodskoe, ogama ukukhiqiza ukhilimu alethwe eduze abilayo, isb is pasteurized ezingeni lokushisa 98 degrees.

Cream futhi benza elicwengwé ibhotela nge okuqukethwe amanoni 98%. Nokho, it is cishe ukuqukatha izinto eziphila abakhuthele.

Amafutha ongumlimi: GOST, incazelo zinhlobo

Ongumlimi ngokuthi amafutha okuqukethwe kabani amanoni 72,5%, futhi umswakama umkhiqizo osuphelile ingeqi 25%. Kuyinto emnandi futhi alube kanye ukhilimu omuncu, nosawoti kanye unsalted. Yenza ibhotela ongumlimi ngokuvumelana GOST 52253-2004. Kukhona nezinye izindawo eziningana lapho imibhalo zokulawula elawula izinga lo mkhiqizo.

uwoyela ongumlimi lingaphezulu futhi kuqala banga. Umehluko phakathi mikhiqizo ezimbili sivezwe hhayi kuphela ukunambitheka kodwa futhi ukubonakala. Premium uwoyela grade kunobuciko abahlukene alube ka pasteurized ubisi iphunga. Surface slaboblestyaschey kufanele ibe bushelelezi, omile ukubukeka kodwa bavunyelwe futhi amathonsi olulodwa umswakama. umbala uwoyela kungaba isukela elimhlophe ophuzi luhlaza, kodwa kumele zifane phezu bonke ubuso. umkhiqizo ebangeni lokuqala ngokuvamile sidilike uma usike futhi heterogeneity ezithile ngesisindo.

Esikhathini ukukhiqizwa uwoyela ongumlimi hhayi ngamanzi. Lokhu ubuchwepheshe ikuvumela ukuba ugcine yonke into ebalulekile okugcwele ukubambezela yonke izinqubo namachibi ezenzeka ngaphakathi umkhiqizo.

Ukwakheka amafutha ongumlimi ngokuvumelana GOST

On the isembozo premium uwoyela grade ngokuvamile wawuthi yakhiwa ukhilimu pasteurized. Eqinisweni, ngokuhambisana GOST 52969-2008 impahla eluhlaza for the amafutha ongumlimi kungukuthi kuphela ukhilimu, kanye:

• Ubisi cow zemvelo sika;
• ngalo ubisi;
• yesibili ubisi eluhlaza elinebhotela etholwe ukukhiqizwa ibhotela elimnandi;
• ezomile yemvelo kanye skimmed ubisi powder ;
• acidosis amasiko acid webhaktheriya microorganism;
• usawoti extra-ekilasini;
• carotene udayi.

Esikhathini ukukhiqizwa uwoyela ingasetshenziswa njengoba izinto zasekhaya nezinye eluhlaza, kuhlanganise izithasiselo zokudla yokungenisa.

Amavithamini Izithako zokudla

Ukwakheka uwoyela ibhotela ongumlimi GOST ngempela zihlanganisa ngamavithamini A (10 mg / kg), E (200 mg / kg) D (0.05 mg / kg). Isibalo sawo kufanele sibe nesikhathi esiqinile namazinga esungulwe, okuyinto angaqinisekiswa ngesikhathi kokuhlaziywa laboratory umkhiqizo.

Futhi amavithamini emafutheni ongumlimi ibhotela amnandi (GOST) ungeze ukudla Umbala carotene (3 mg / kg), nezivimbelakuvunda (sorbic acid benzoic acid, nosawoti yalo), stabilizers futhi emulsifiers ukungaguquguquki. Inombolo yabo akufanele kweqe umkhawulo avunyelwe kulolu hlobo Izithako zokudla.

Ukudla amandla ukubaluleka uwoyela ongumlimi

Amafutha kuyinto ngempela okunomsoco. amagremu 100 kwalo mkhiqizo esihlwabusayo futhi unempilo iqukethe kakhulu ngendlela 748 kilojoule. Ongumlimi Ibhotela (72.5%), okwakhiwa kwalo ingenye yezindawo ezicebe kakhulu emhlabeni, siqukethe kwezinhlobo ezahlukene fatty acid 150, ayegcwele kanye unsaturated (linoleic, oleic, linolenic). Kuyilokhu kwamuva, ngesikhathi sayo, futhi okukhiphayo cholesterol embi kusuka emzimbeni.

I alube uwoyela ongumlimi uqukethe amavithamini A, B _1, B _2, C, E. Futhi kulo mkhiqizo iqukethe amaminerali magnesium, i-potassium, i-calcium ne phosphorus. Inani amafutha emafutheni ongumlimi uhambelana ingxenyenamba mass okunayo iphakethe futhi 72,5, inani amaprotheni kanye carbohydrate kulo mkhiqizo ilingana amagugu 0.7 no 1 ngokulandelana.

izakhiwo ewusizo ongumlimi ibhotela

Abantu abaningi ukubeka eceleni ngamabomu ukudla kwabo ibhotela, ngoba bakholelwa ukuthi kuholela kuphela ukwanda ezingeni cholesterol egazini futhi umzimba engalethi noma iyiphi inzuzo. Nokho, empeleni lokhu akulona iqiniso. Amafutha amnandi ibhotela ongumlimi lapho uyisebenzisa e ukulinganisela (elingekho ngaphezu kuka 10 amagremu ngosuku) kuyadingeka maqondana nokwakhiwa izindonga isitsha futhi ekukhiqizweni kwama-hormone ocansini nowesifazane.

Ukusetshenziswa kwalo mkhiqizo ukhilimu simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

• ilungisa kumaseli emzimbeni;
• anda amakhono kwezobuhlakani ingane;
• kuthuthukisa isikhumba, izinwele;
• kukhona ukukhula microflora ezuzisayo esiswini;
• buthakathaka isimiso sokuzivikela komzimba kwandisa.

Indlela ukuhlola uwoyela ukuhlangabezana izivakashi?

Ngokuhambisana GOST 52969-2008, ibhotela nohlolwe ngesilinganiso 20-iphuzu. amazinga organoleptic uwoyela ngowokuqala futhi amamaki aphakeme kakhulu. It kubhekwa izinga umkhiqizo eliphakeme, ukuhlolwa okuyinto siyahlukahluka uhla 17-20 amaphuzu, kufaka zokunambitha nokuhogela ngaphakathi 8 amaphuzu, ukuvumelana amaphuzu hhayi ngaphansi kuka 4, umbala 2 amaphuzu, 3 amaphuzu emaphaketheni. Ibhotela ongumlimi ebangeni lokuqala kulinganiselwa khona ukuthi 11-16 amaphuzu. Uma umkhiqizo ine isilinganiso amaphuzu esingaphansi 11, ukudayiswa, akufanele bavunyelwe.

Ukusebenzisa uwoyela akuvunyelwe ukuba nezingahlobene nendaba Rancid, lokukhunta, sikhuntile, iphunga metallic nokunambitha, kanye anamathelayo noma ukungaguquguquki ebhidlikayo, umbala umfaniswano, isembozo obonakele. Ngokwezindinganiso kwamakhemikhali, Ingxenye fat kufanele ifanelane ukubaluleka 72,5%, umswakama-25% unsalted futhi 24% umkhiqizo usawoti.

Eceleni eliqinisekisiwe uwoyela Ukwakheka kanye ingxenyenamba mass uyifake kuvunyelwe izithasiselo zokudla, kuhlanganise colorants, flavour, amavithamini, stabilizers emulsifiers NEZIVIKELAKUVUNDA.

Amafutha ongumlimi:-Google + ku-abakhiqizi

ucwaningo Market selukhombisile ukuthi abathengi bavamise kucasha brand uwoyela ongumlimi ezifana "Vkusnoteevo" futhi "Kuban milkman". Ngokusho kwabo, ukunambitheka umkhiqizo le mikhiqizo kuyinto okusikhumbuza ngaphezulu uwoyela angadle ngabuhle obutheni. It has a ukunambitheka ecacile alube kanye flavour libizwa. Beautiful iyunifomu okhanyayo umbala ophuzi futhi ukungaguquguquki plastic kanye 72,5% uwoyela ongumlimi lokuhweba "Ostankinskoe". Ngo ukunambitheka amakhasimende uyithandile baningi ngisho nangaphezu kwezinwele umkhiqizo brand ngaphambilini ethulwa.

Negative Izibuyekezo ikhasimende oshiywe uwoyela ongumlimi Brands "yobisi ipulazi" futhi Ecomilk ". Folk tasters waphawula ukuthi umkhiqizo wokuqala eshiya alifaneleki emlonyeni okunamafutha ifilimu on the amazinyo, kanti eyesibili namanje inuka nemvelo.

Ukunikeza ukuhlolwa Inhloso amafutha ongumlimi, imikhiqizo emelelwa brand ithunyelwe elabhorethri ukuqhuba izifundo.

Kususelwa izifundo laboratory, "Izwe" ibhotela

Ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko umkhiqizo osuphelile, abakhiqizi alithembekile sekusebenzisa emvelo ubisi fat kuyinto engabizi futhi eziyingozi zemifino amafutha, ezifana kakhukhunathi noma entendeni. Lezi nje zihlanganisa ibhotela unsalted ongumlimi "Dairy Ipulazi". idatha Isazi uqondane ngokubona tasters ethandwa.

Phakathi elabhorethri ucwaningo komkhiqizo aqinisekisiwe yi ngezithako zawo, kanye chemical olufanele nezindinganiso organoleptic. Okubalulekile okuqukethwe kubalulekile fatty acid (oleic nabanye). Phakathi imikhiqizo emakethe yasekhaya, kufaka ekhatsi inombolo nenzuzo-fatty acid, ungumholi emafutheni "Izwe" brand "Little House kule ndawo."

Indlela ukukhetha ibhotela ezinhle

Okulandelayo imihlahlandlela sizosiza amakhasimende ukhethe ibhotela ngempela eliphezulu (ongumlimi):

1. Funda isembozo ngokucophelela. Kumele ebhaliwe lokuthi la mafutha "ongumlimi ibhotela 72,5% okuqukethwe amafutha." Leli gama, samukelwa ngumlayo lelipelwe e izimenywa. Umkhiqizo kufanele licaciswe kuphela ukhilimu pasteurized noma ubisi cow sika.
2. Lokunye lokubaluleke kakhulu intengo. ibhotela ongumlimi ngamaphakeji enesisindo 200 amagremu ayikwazi abiza ruble esingaphansi ayisikhombisa.
3. Lapho ekhetha uwoyela ongumlimi esitolo kufanele futhi sinake nephunga. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungathola amathuba iphakethe unuke mass alube. iphunga ezingemnandi okuvela ke, bangakufakazela ukuthi lena umkhiqizo kunemaphutsa noma mbumbulu.

Qinisekisa izinga amafutha akhethiwe kungaba ekhaya. Kahle ekhethiwe umkhiqizo liyancibilika lapho ukufuthelana kancane, ngokungafani kuya ukusabalala ukuthi ukusha kanye imajarini, okuyinto ibe namafutha.