I-limoges porcelain - izitsha ezidwetshiwe ngesandla

Emuva kwekhulu le-XVIII kwakukhona izimfihlo zokwenza i-porcelain. Babeqashwe ngokucophelela. Manje zonke izimfihlo ziyaziwa, izingcweti kanye nabaqambi bashintsha imisebenzi ezakhiweni ze-ceramic nezitshalo futhi bathole ukungezwani okuncane kuphela ezinkambisweni zokukhiqiza. Kwenzeka kanjani ukuba i-Limoges porcelain ibe khona futhi kungani ihlonishwa emhlabeni wonke? Bangaki abakhiqizi abanakho namuhla? Sizozama ukuphendula le mibuzo.

Umlando omncane

Imikhiqizo enjengalezi, njengeglasi kanye ne-porcelain, ihambise ezindaweni lapho kukhona khona izinto ezibonakalayo zemvelo zokukhiqiza kwazo. EFrance, isikhungo esinjalo sahlala futhi sasihlala eLimoges, lapho kutholakala khona i-kaolin e-1770, efanelekayo ekwakheni i-porcelain eqinile. Akekho owaziyo ukuthi angawachitha kanjani kahle futhi, ngokuvamile, ukuthi yini. Ukuyisebenzisa, ubuchwepheshe babuyadingeka. Bamukelwa ngenxa yemisebenzi yaseChina yomnumzane ovela e- Jesuit order, owahlukanisa lezinhlamvu ekukhiqizeni ukwakhiwa kwamapulangwe futhi wathumela amasampuli ekhaya le-kaolin. Ngo-1771, kwakhiwa iRoyal Manufactory yokuqala yokukhiqiza i-porcelain, futhi eminyakeni engamashumi ayisithupha kamuva kwaba khona cishe ishumi nesithupha. Kamuva, cishe amabhizinisi angamashumi amane avele. Futhi bonke bakhiqiza i-Limoges porcelain. Lo mqondo futhi kuze kube yimanje awusebenzi kunoma iyiphi ibhizinisi elithile. Kunezinto eziningana ezaziwa emhlabeni jikelele, kanye nemikhiqizo eminingi emikhulu nangamancane.

Brand Bernardaud

Ngo-1863 umndeni waseBernardo wavula into encane futhi yaqala ukukhiqiza i-Limoges porcelain. Ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu, zonke izicabucabu zokukhiqiza zazihle kakhulu, futhi i-porcelain emhlophe yelungu lomndeni yaba umkhiqizo othandwayo kuqala eFrance nasezweni lonke. Izesekeli zethebula zikhiqizwa njengezitsha zekhaya nezindawo zokudla namahhotela. Kuze kube yimanje, lo mdwebo ubonakala yi-laconism eyedlulele. Into eyinhloko kulokhu ukukhanya kwezinto ezibonakalayo, kancane kancane kugcizelelwe umdwebo lapho kusetshenziswa khona imibala eyodwa noma emibili. Imikhiqizo yansuku zonke ejwayelekile yile ndlu yi-Limoges porcelain, isithombe esinikezwe ngenhla. Kulo buchwepheshe, kunezimfihlo namaqhinga. Omunye umkhiqizo ungadlula ezandleni zama-masters angu-40. Futhi njengoba lokhu kuwumsebenzi onzima kangaka wemisebenzi, ke amanani aphezulu kakhulu. Iphepha elilodwa le-dessert, elimbozwe ebhodini ngegolide ngekhodi, lingabiza ama-euro angu-118. Ngingathini ngesevisi? Akuwona wonke amatafula ongafaka imikhiqizo yokunethezeka kusuka kuBernardo. Kudinga ingaphakathi elithile. I-porcelain yalesi sitshalo imele amatafula amahhotela i-Ritz, i-Carlton, i-Four Seasons.

Inkampani "Hevilend"

Konke kwaqala ngecala lokuzibuza. KwaMnu. Haviland eMelika waphenduka inkosikazi yensiza ephukile evela kuLimpoges porcelain. Wakwazi ukwenza ikhophi, futhi wathwalwa yilo msebenzi obuhlungu futhi obunzima. Umlando webhizinisi waqala ngo-1842, lapho umninimabhizinisi waseMelika uDavid Haviland, esethuthele eFrance, wakhipha isitsha sokuqala se-porcelain eLimoges. Futhi ngendlela yaseMelika, waqala ibhizinisi elisha. Isakhiwo esikhulu sakhiwe eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu, kepha inkampani ayizange ilahlekelwe izibopho ne-America. Wenza ukuhambisa izitsha ezikhethekile ze-White House. Ngakho i-Limoges porcelain yanqoba imakethe yaseMelika. Kodwa futhi banesithakazelo kubantu abaphezulu baseYurophu, njengoba abadwebi beqiniso nabaculi abadumile behileleke ekwakhiweni kwemiklamo: Chagall, uSalvador Dali, Kandinsky.

Indlu yeHermes

Isiqalo senze ukukhishwa kwehhashi lamahhashi, ngakho imikhiqizo ephezulu ekhanda yaqala ukuvela. Umsebenzi wendabuko wale ndlu kwaba ukwakhiwa kwezesekeli ezimangaza ngekhwalithi yabo nokunethezeka. Kodwa ukukhiqizwa komndeni we-porcelain kwaqala cishe nje, ngo-1984, futhi kuqoqo lokuqala, konke kwashaya ngokushesha: kokubili ukuklama kanye nekhwalithi. Kwakubuhle obuhle kakhulu. Futhi kamuva izitsha zaba laconic ngaphezulu, kodwa ngokulinganayo eveza. Indlu yeHermes sonke isikhathi ekufuneni izinhlobo ezintsha nokuklama.

Ngaphezu kwalabo abakhiqizi, izikhulu zihlanganisa "uReynaud", "Dolaren", "i-Royal Limoges" namabhizinisi okungenani ayishumi awaziwa kakhulu.

Ubani ohlanganisa i-Limoges porcelain

Abakhiqizi baseFrance bakholelwa ukuthi ingxenye yengonyama yama-counterfeits iwela eChina naseTunisia. Hlola kalula nje. Emakhakheni asekuqaleni e-Limoges, izitembu ziyasetshenziswa ngempela nge-chrome eluhlaza. Emnyangweni we-Upper Vienne, lapho ukukhiqizwa kwe-porcelain ngezinhloso ezihlukahlukene kugxile khona, kumkhiqizo ojwayelekile kanye nokubhaliswa kweMogoges France umkhiqizi ngamunye wanezela ama-initials noma uphawu. Esikhathini isitembu lesifake asisetshenziswa. Ngakho-ke, kwanele ukuvula ipuleti, i-vase noma ikhekhethi, futhi konke kuzocaca. Abakhiqizi be-porcelain baseLimoges kwadingeka bafakaze enkantolo amalungelo abo ukuthi iLimoges kufanele ibizwe ngokuthi i-porcelain, ekhishwa lapha.

Ngama-antiques kunzima kakhulu. Kwakungekho umbala owodwa, hhayi isitembu esisodwa. Isibonelo, umndeni waseHasiland ubeka izimpawu ezinjalo: GDA, H & CO / L, H & CO / Depose and Porcelaine. Futhi, ukumaka kwamanye ama-manufactories nakho kwashintsha kaningi.

Yenziwe ngezandla

Ngaphezu kwakho konke ngifuna ukuthenga i-Limoges porcelain ngopende ngesandla. Phela, imikhiqizo ihle kakhulu. Umsebenzi wezincwadi uqhathaniswa ngokuphawulekayo kulokho okwenziwe ngosizo lwe-stencil, isitembu, izinhlamvu, isikrini somkhiqizo kanye nezinye izindlela zobuchwepheshe. Imidwebo ngayinye leyo ibhalwe ngokucophelela ngebhashi. Yiyona imidwebo ye-smears yakhe ehlukanisa imisebenzi. Ukuthinta ngalunye kwebhashishi kushiya uhlobo oluthile lwe-smear ku-porcelain. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi abaculi badweba isithombe nge siponji noma ipeni, okungukuthi, umdali akayilandeli njalo inqubo efanayo. Ngisho nokuphindaphinda komdwebo, kuzobe kukhona ukungezwani, ngoba ngumuntu ophilayo, hhayi umshini. Futhi ubuqili obunye. Umbala wepende uncike ekutheni uzothathwa kangakanani ngunkosi emgqonyeni. Kakhulu kakhulu - futhi upende uzobilisa uma ugosa. Phela, ikhiqizwa ekushiseni kwama-1400 degrees. Futhi uma kungenele - isithombe ngeke sikhanyise ngokwanele, imibala izoshiswa. Konke lokhu kujwayelene nabaphathi beziqu eziphakeme kakhulu, abasebenzisa umdwebo we-Limoges porcelain ngesineke ngesandla. Bakukhiqiza kuphi? Emnyangweni we-Upper Vienne.

Yini ehlanganisiwe emkhakheni wemikhiqizo

Lokhu kuyinqwaba yezinto eziwusizo nezinhle nama-gizmos. Lokhu kufaka imibhangqwana yetiyi nekhofi, ibeka izinombolo ezahlukene zabantu, amabhonkethi, amakhiskethi, izithombe. I-Limoges porcelain ukuziqhenya kweFrance. Landa emhlabeni jikelele. Ungayithenga ezweni lethu.