Eziyinkimbinkimbi Memorial "Brest Fortress". Fortress Defense Museum

Brest Fortress - sezakhiwo ukhiye. It ngokuphindiwe kwaba nendima ebaluleke kakhulu ezimpini ezihlukahlukene. Nokho, kuphela izinsuku ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, kwaba sobala okushiwo ukwakhiwa kanye nekubaluleka kwalo eSoviet Union, lapho ngaleso sikhathi yayinkulu kweqiniso.

Brest Fortress: Umlando bekwaba ngu-1914

Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala endaweni ezoba izindawo Brest Fortress ingatholakala "The Tale of esidlule Iminyaka". Ngalezo zinsuku yasungulwa settlement ngokuthi birch namagxolo, okuyinto kulo ukhona ngokuphindiwe yashintsha igama layo kanye nomnikazi. Ngo 1795 Berestye, uqambe Brest-Litovsk, kwaba ingxenye yoMbuso Russian.

Yingaleso sikhathi lapho umqondo wokwakha uchungechunge izinqaba kanye umngcele osentshonalanga ezingxenyeni ezikude zombuso. Isibalo nemizana, eduze okuyinto izokwakhiwa izivikelo, waya Brest-Litovsk. Kwakhiwe le nqaba kwaqala ngo-1833 futhi yathatha iminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye. Entwasahlobo ka-1842 le nqaba waqala ukusebenza.

Brest-Litovsk isibe engeyokuqala yangempela ezihlose impumelelo ezingenza inenethiwekhi isakhula nojantshi futhi imizila yezohwebo, ngibonga kule sekuyinto okunabileko. Ngo-1909 kwanqunywa ukuba uqinise Fort, eminyakeni emine kamuva, kwaqalwa umsebenzi we- sesimanje.

Brest Fortress: IMpi Yezwe Yokuqala

eziyinkimbinkimbi yanamuhla yesikhumbuzo "Brest Fortress" nendima enkulu e kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Ngesikhathi kuqala impi kwaba kusakhiwa at the stage of sesimanje, ngakho onjiniyela ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka umsebenzi kwenziwe ukuze uqinise inqaba. Bendzawo is bamatasa ekusizeni abakhi.

Ngo-August 1915 amabutho Russian kwesokunxele le Brest Fortress, indaba ukuthi kwashaqisa umhlaba. izinhlamvu futhi yonke impahla ekhona athathwa. Zonke ukuthi azibanga akwazi ukuyikhipha, abakhi inqaba washisa amabhuloho abangu yasha. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa amasosha Austrian nesiJalimane sahlala komuzi.

Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala ensimini ka Belarus yesimanje amangalelwe Poland futhi i-USSR. Ngo 1919-1920 le Brest Fortress njalo lidlule isuka kwesinye isandla iye, inkontileka esayinwe 1921, owawuthi beyiphethe emngceleni yokugcina phakathi Russia, Poland, Ukraine futhi Belarus.

IMpi Enkulu Patriotic

Omunye ezikhumbuzo abathintekayo lokuqala ngenxa seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili - the Brest Fortress. Juni 22, 1941, yena ihlaselwe ayehlasela abahlaseli amaNazi. Ngesikhathi kuhlaselwa eSoviet Union emboniselweni abelinganiselwa 7000 abantu, kwakungabafundi ebuthweni lempi laseSoviet nezakhamuzi.

Umyalo Wehrmacht kuhlelwe ukuba amthathe amahora ambalwa, Nokho, ebuthweni lempi laseSoviet ayewumisile futhi washaya phansi ngonyawo bavikela endaweni ngeviki. Invaders ngisho emasontweni ambalwa kwadingeka ukucindezela emaphaketheni of ukumelana lapho sibhekene ezinye izinhlamvu - abavikeli ka Brest.

Brest Fortress, 1941 emlandweni lapho kwakushintsha, manje uphawu ubuqhawe nesibindi, futhi ngisho nangalesosikhathi, ngesikhathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, kwaba uyisiphephelo sethemba. AmaNazi shelled edolobheni isikhathi eside, abhubhise amapayipi amanzi isitoreji, ukuxhumana, kanye nabantu.

I ubuqhawe we abavikeli

wezikhali amaNazi kuhlasela okungazelelwe, kanye abavikeli asikwazanga cohere ngesikhathi ukungacasuki, ngakho ihlelwe izinqaba eziningana. Brest Fortress, 1941 okuyiwona kwaba juqu, inqobo Ukumelana ngaphakathi the bombo of amaqembu amancane amasosha. Ayekholelwa ngokushaja insabule.

Yileyo Brest Fortress, kanjani izinsuku eziningi abameli bayo bavikela kusukela amaNazi, kwakukhona eziningana sici amafilimu shot ukuthi wayengeke aliyeke lonke usizi isimo. Ngokusho izakhamuzi Brest ngalezo zinsuku, kwathiwa kuvikelwa kuze kube-August 1941, kodwa ekugcineni amasosha aseSoviet ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 6 bathunjwa.

eziyinkimbinkimbi Memorial "Brest Fortress" wakwazi ukugcina bonke ubufakazi ngesikhathi, okuyinto ungakwazi ngomkhondo izenzakalo. Ukuze uvikele i-ebuthweni lempi laseSoviet e 1121 kwaba okudiliza isosha le Wehrmacht, okuyinto cishe 5% ukulahlekelwa yempi, lapho amaJalimane wahlupheka ngesikhathi ngesonto lokuqala impi.

ukuhlupheka Brest

Kuyoze kube phakade umsebenzi ngesikhathi WWII Brest Fortress walahlekelwa ngu-40 eziyinkulungwane of abazivikelayo. umnotho lo muzi labhujiswa ngokuphelele. Heroes-Bakhululi wabuyela Brest kodwa ngoJulayi 1944, kanye amaviyo 1st Front isiBelorussia. Ngeshwa, abavikeli eziningi inqaba yawa phezu kwezinsizwa empini, kodwa inkumbulo yabo uyaphila ezinhliziyweni abendawo namanje.

Ngemva kokuphela ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, le nqaba lalidinga ukulungiswa, ukulungisa saqhutshwa iminyaka eminingana. Ngo-May 1965, le nqaba yazuza isihloko iqhawe, ngisho iminyaka eyisithupha kamuva wabizwa ngokuthi "I eziyinkimbinkimbi ayisikhumbuzo" Brest Fortress "." Yafika eziningi izakhiwo, kulawo asele imemori yizizukulwane ezizayo.

eziyinkimbinkimbi

eziyinkimbinkimbi Memorial "Brest Fortress" yakhiwa wezokuVikela Museum, kanye lesikhumbuzo 'Ngesibindi', elibamba ezihlukahlukene izingoma, emelela iziqephu eziningana enikelwe umzabalazo enesibindi abavikeli. Ungase futhi sibheke yamathuna, okuyinto namanje aqukethe izinsalela zabantu 850 ababevikela Brest Fortress.

Omunye izingxenye eziphawuleka kakhulu yesikhumbuzo - esiveza "Ukomela", oluwuphawu isiphetho esibuhlungu abavikeli kanye ukoma ababenaso ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi amaJalimane umbeki ukufinyelela emfuleni. Ngo-February 1992, kuwo kwavulwa campus Museum of lempi enkazimulweni aviators.

Okulandelayo ku-isiko

City lapho Brest Fortress - Brest - ngokuphindaphindiwe uvele sici amafilimu kanye nemisebenzi kwezincwadi Soviet enikelwe ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Phakathi kwabo - "Immortal Garrison", "Impi yase-Moscow", "Mina - amasosha Russian" kanye nabanye abaningi. Isakhiwo yesikhumbuzo ivuliwe nsuku zonke, ngaphandle ngoLwesibili, futhi lapho nazane nge yonke le misebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezindaweni zemidlalo yeshashalazi bendawo ngokuvamile okwanele ukuze ubonise amafilimu mayelana yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe.

Brest Fortress, umlando okuyinto ekujabulisayo izingqondo isizukulwane sanamuhla kubonakala Museum, evulekile-9 ekuseni kuze 18 amahora, ne input bese uhambo esikhokhelwayo, izindleko yokwemukela Kunconywa ukucacisa e sikhungo. Museum futhi usebenza kulo mbukiso, "Museum of War - Territory Yokuthula", esemgwaqweni ku emabhalekisini eningizimu-mpumalanga yesifundazwe Citadel futhi ivuliwe nsuku zonke kusukela 10 ekuseni kuya ku-19 ntambama. Kunconywa ukuba ucacise kusengaphambili uhlelo kanye nokufinyelela hambo, ngoba lokhu ungaxhumana ngocingo 375 (162) 20-00-32.