Experiment Hawthorne nokudalwa welithi "ebuhlotsheni babantu" E. Mayo

I waseMelika odumile usosayensi yezenhlalakahle E. Mayo wethulwa kwabantu nokuphathwa umbono uwukuthi liveza umqondo obaluleke kakhulu ngokuthi "ubuhlobo babantu." Leli gama kwaba yisisekelo hhayi kuphela kumiswa imodeli ukuphathwa kwamabhizinisi ethize, kodwa futhi ukwakha umqondo ukuphathwa wombuso kanye nomphakathi wonkana.

nobudlelwano umqondo ka E. Mayo, kuyinto ukuqhubeka organic zinkolelo-mbono ezicatshangelwayo odlule (ikakhulukazi umqondo F. Taylor), sekuyinto ngokuyinhloko kuwumphumela ucwaningo sina olwenziwe ososayensi abenza zaziwa ngokuthi Hawthorne isilingo.

Ngo-1927 E. Mayo wathola isimemo esivela enkampanini "Western Electric" ukusungula isiyalo futhi ibhizinisi. Yaqala kanjalo edumile Hawthorne sokuhlola, welulela ngesikhathi seminyaka emihlanu.

ucwaningo Hawthorne E. Mayo kuhlanganisa izigaba eziyinhloko 4.

Isigaba sokuqala kwaba ukuhlolwa ukucacisa umphumela ukukhanya mayelana nokusebenza kahle umsebenzi. Ngokuhamba abasebenzi ucwaningo ayehlukaniswe amaqembu amabili: eyodwa kancane kancane kungakhanyi ukukhanya kwezindaba emsebenzini, kanye nezinye bashiya konke njengoba kwakunjalo. Isenzo sokuqala "Taylor isimiso": ngcono izimo zokusebenza kwaholela ekwandeni komkhiqizo. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi eqenjini lesibili sekube ngcono, ngaphezu, futhi ngemva kokuphindela izici yokuqala ukusebenza ukukhanya waqhubeka wanda.

E. Mayo, waphetha ngokuthi yalokho omuhle indima enkulu eyadlalwa umphumela ukubandakanywa abasebenzi ekuhlolweni, futhi yini baba nomuzwa wokuthi ukunakekela ingxenye iziphathimandla.

Ngo esiteji E. Mayo yesibili ihlolwe umthelela izici ezihlukahlukene zomnotho, zenhlalakahle nezingokwengqondo ekukhiqizeni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, wakhetha abasebenzi abayisithupha, ukwehlukanisa nabo kusukela lonke iqembu, futhi umsizi wakhe, owayebizwa ukudlala indima umholi ngokwethukela, aphethwe uchungechunge ucwaningo. Ekuqaleni izimo zokusebenza abangu yathuthuka kakhulu: anda inkokhelo, owethulwa amakhefu ezengeziwe, isibalo sezikhungo okukhiphayo. Labor umkhiqizo kuyinto ke Yiqiniso, anda. Kodwa ngisho emva ukubuya izimo odlule umsebenzi kahle abasebenzi esikhethiwe ephakeme kunazo zonke ezinye. Kusukela imiphumela eyatholakala E. Mayo baphetha ngokuthi umsebenzi kubalulekile iqhaza inqubo ethile nabantu nabo bakhululeke. Ngakho, ukuhlola Hawthorne wakwenza kwacaca ukuthi ngokuhlanganyela iqembu lolungakahleleki play ekhona kule abasebenzi kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu kunoMbuso esisemthethweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunoma yiliphi iqembu lolungakahleleki has a umholi, lapho kungenzeka ukuthonya lokhu ngokuhlanganyela elincane jikelele.

Isigaba sesithathu egqoke kuphela wezobusayensi futhi theory. Kwakuthinta okwaxoxwa abasebenzi ayizinkulungwane eziningana mayelana isimo sabo sengqondo emaqenjini amancane, kodwa ekugcineni, laba poll Awekho eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma ziye zasiza hhayi ukuthuthukisa.

In esigabeni wesine E. Mayo nganquma ukubuyela ukuhlola futhi wadala eqenjini elithile 14 abasebenzi besilisa, ngaphakathi kuyona esishunyekiwe nomsizi wakhe sokusebenza kwengqondo. Isiphetho main ukuthi usosayensi wenza ekupheleni ukuhlola itholakala lokuthi bokuthi kuneqembu elincane lolungakahleleki ekugcineni esakha ukuziphatha siqu. Lokhu ukuziphatha kuvinjelwe izingxabano ngaphakathi eqenjini ngenxa yokuthi iqembu ngalinye uhlobo imodeli okulinganiselwa ku yokuziphatha. Ngenxa yalokho, abaphathi enkampani, okuyinto has ukubhekana neqembu elikhulu, kufanele siphindze sicele sifinyelele ezingeni elithile zokuziphatha kulo lonke isitshalo.

Ngokuvamile, le Hawthorne UCWANINGO iziphetho E. Mayo imiphumela yayo, wathola ukusabela okuhlukahlukene kokubili isayensi kanye endaweni ukukhiqizwa, futhi wanikeza isisekelo sokubona ukudalwa umkhuba ngokwesayensi yokuhlalisana kwabantu amabhizinisi elihlobene ne-unake, ikakhulukazi maqondana nabasebenzi izithakazelo zakhe kanye nezidingo.