Computer Graphics: umbala ukujula

Kuze kube manje ubuchwepheshe kanye nemishini uvumele ukwenza isithombe ayakhanya ocacile ukuthi kuyoba nakakhulu kuka-prototype lakhe langempela. Ikhwalithi yesithombe ngocansi kuxhomeke ezicini eziningana: inani megapixels, usayizi wesithombe, usayizi wesithombe nokunye. Lezi zihlanganisa kwesinye isakhiwo - ukujula umbala. Kuyini, futhi uwuchaza kanjani futhi abale?

Uhlolojikelele

Umbala ukujula - inombolo enkulu shades umbala ukuthi ingaba isithombe. Lokhu ubuningi ulinganiswa ibhithi (inani izingcezu kanambambili ukuthi ukunquma umbala luhlaza ka-pixel elingu ngamunye a raster ihluzo isithombe). Ngokwesibonelo, omunye pixel, ukujula umbala ilingana 1 kancane bangase bacabange amanani amabili: abamhlophe nabansundu. Futhi ukubaluleka ngaphezulu kuyoba ukujula umbala, isithombe ziyoba nhlobonhlobo, ehlanganisa sebuningini imibala kanye shades. Futhi obhekene ukwethembeka isithombe. Lapha, konke ngendlela efanayo: ayanda, ngcono. Nasi esinye isibonelo, i-GIF format isithombe nge-8 izingcezu ukujula umbala, sizoqukatha 256 imibala, kuyilapho JPEG image nge ka 24 izingcezu ukujula kuyohlanganisa 16 million imibala.

Nasi RGB futhi CMYK

Ngokuvamile, bonke ifomethi idatha yesithombe abe 8 izingcezu ngamunye isiteshi esisodwa (umbala) ukujula umbala. Kodwa esithombeni Ingase ithanyelwe, neziteshi umbala amaningi. Khona-ke kakade umdwebo iziteshi RGB ezintathu uzoba ka 24 izingcezu (3h8) ukujula. Ukujula CMYK umbala izithombe lingafika ku-32 izingcezu (4x8).

Nokho kancane

Ukujula umbala - isibalo shades of nangebala, iyiphi idivayisi mbeni izithombe, ungakwazi kukhiqize noma ukudala. Lokhu ipharamitha unesibopho ushintsho bushelelezi shades e-altare empepho. Zonke izithombe digital okubhalwe esebenzisa abathandekayo futhi amaqanda. Zero - black, Unit - White. Sibeka futhi ngibagcinile kwimemori ulinganiswa amabhayithi. Omunye ibhayithi iqukethe 8 izingcezu, okuyinto luchazwa nombala ukujula. Ukuze ama-digital khamera, kunesinye kwencazelo matrix yiyona umbala ukujula. Lena inkomba ukuthi inquma elingakanani isithombe okugcwele ezijulile ngokuya shades kanye nemibala angakhiqiza ikhamera, ikakhulukazi i-matrix yayo. Ngenxa kwenani le ipharamitha, izithombe besiyoba sikhulu futhi kube bushelelezi.

imvume

Ukuhlobana okukhona phakathi ukujula umbala izinga isithombe isinqumo salo. Ngokwesibonelo, 32-bit isithombe isinqumo 800x600 kakhulu sibi kakhulu kunalokho okuboniswa nge 1440x900 efanayo. Ngempela, esimweni sesibili kuhilela inombolo olukhudlwana pixels. Lokhu kulula kakhulu ukuba uyenze eyakho. Odinga ukukwenza - ukuya PC ku "Image Ukulungiswa" bese uzama njalo ukunciphisa noma ukwandisa isinqumo isihenqo. Kule nqubo, wena izoqinisekisa ngokucacile malini lesinqumo kuthinta iqophelo izithombe ngocansi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imibala eminingi kuhlanganisa isithombe esithile, kuyothiwa akulinganiselwe seqiwe okuyinto iyakwazi ukusekela qapha. Njengoba isibonelo esingazithatha qapha ne-16 bit umbala ukujula nesithombe nge 32 izingcezu. Lesi sithombe ku qapha zizobonisa 16 bhithi umbala ukujula anjalo.