"Bryansk Ihlathi" - inqolobane uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli by UNESCO

Ingxenye enkulu kakhulu insimu ka Russia imbozwe amahlathi, ngakho sizobe ukuphefumula umoya ohlanzekile, futhi ngeke sikwazi ukugcina izinyoni eziningi ezingavamile nezilwane. Enye yalezi has inqolobane "Bryansk Ihlathi", etholakala Suzemskom futhi Trubchevsk izifunda Bryansk esifundeni, Nerusso-Desna ehlathini futhi ibhange kwesokunxele Desna River, okuyinto owumthelela Dnieper. Le ndawo yamahlathi - 12.186 ha. Ngo-2001 wathola isimo uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli. Lapha-ke lisinikeza abaningi abawazi yesikhumbuzo Obelisk amathuna abashokobezi owafa lapha phakathi nale minyaka impi yezwe.

Ekuhlaziyeni esiqiwini imvelo "Bryansk Ihlathi"

Ngenxa yokuthi lokhu reserve itholakala ezahlukene esishintshashintshayo ezindawo: ihlathi, lezihlahla namahlathi Boreal - kukhona okuningi kuwo
ukwehluka yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. Kugcine ocebile zezinyoni ezingavamile. Kulezi zindawo, eziningi bogs moss, okuyinto lukhula izimila glacial: Scheuchzeria marsh, bog umbomvana, willow eLapland. sithakazelo esitheni emahlathini enyakatho-orchid. Banezinhliziyo ukuthuthukiswa iyinkimbinkimbi begazi futhi cishe ekuqaleni ukuphendula ezishintshashintshayo zendawo eziphila kuyo ohlangothini okubi. Ngakho-ke, zonke orchid avikelekile. "Bryansk Ihlathi" Reserve, Lisinikeza 19 zama-orchid. Abanye babo ohlwini ezisengozini, kunjani: Cephalanthera rubra, slipper Okuyınqo, Dactylorhiza aseBaltic, epipogium ezingenamaqabunga. Zibonisa 769 zezitshalo semithambo. Kulawa, zinhlobo ezinhlanu nazo ezisohlwini incwadi zokuphepha: dactylorhiza traunsteineri, epipogium ezingenamaqabunga, slipper Okuyınqo, Cephalanthera rubra, ntokazi Dactylorhiza iBaltic.

Izilwane ophilayo esiqiwini

Kubo kulezi zingxenye futhi impela eningi. Flora nezilwane, ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla, has 245 zinhlobo: 153 - izinyoni, 50 - ezincelisayo, 11 - eziphila emanzini nasezweni, 6 - ezihuquzelayo, uhlobo olulodwa cyclostomes futhi 24 - izinhlanzi. izinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo ezingavamile kwezilwane atholakala esiqiwini
ukulondoloza indawo yokuhlala. Lapha sokwehlisa ngokwami bukhoma-ababengaphathekile Izimbila, i-beaver kahle chweba nemifudlana eminingi imithini emfuleni siphile Nerusso. Eziyisithupha zezinyoni eqoshiwe eNcwadini alamu, kuhlanganise: grey shrike, inyoka ukhozi, abamnyama nonogolantethe nabanye. Akukho ndawo, ngaphandle esiqiwini "Bryansk Ihlathi", akunakwenzeka ukuthola zonke izinhlobo eziyishumi Iziqophamithi ezingavamile European: oluhlaza, gray, lesiqophamithi abamnyama, nezimagqabhagqabha lesiqophamithi encane, Motley amaphakathi, omkhulu nezimanakanaka, amhlophe-wasekela, umSiriya, wryneck futhi Ezintathu, Umbala. Ayikho enye indawo e-Europe uthola bonke ndawonye ungayitholi. Ivame wathola ezinye zezinyoni enyakatho, ezifana grouse isikhova Boreal, abamnyama lesiqophamithi. Eceleni kwabo impela uthole ekhululekile Remez kanye nelanda omkhulu - izakhamizi eningizimu. I-Russian ncwadi alamu efakwe ohlwini 12 zezilwane, okhozi olukhulu futhi nenkanyiso encane nezimanakanaka, abamnyama nonogolantethe, lamprey Ukrainian, Mnemosyne, Apollo butterfly, njengesixhumo sezindluzele ibhungane, noctule giant, muskrat, maphakathi ikhombe lesiqophamithi, grey shrike, inyoka ukhozi.

Ukukhululeka reserve and sezulu

Isifunda lapho "Bryansky ihlathi" limelela accumulative
plain, ephansi, ngobumnene ezitshekile. Akukho phezulu kakhulu noma, kunalokho, nisin. I ukuphakama okungenani endaweni - 125 m, kuyilapho esiphezulu - 140-170 m ifomu izimbuku iphrofayela endaweni naseduze - 210 evelele. Uzamcolo emathafeni, surface ngobumnene enalokho kuthambekela namathala flat. River Valley Gums izindawo ifinyelela 12-15 amakhilomitha, ngaphandle ukuthi ububanzi uzamcolo amakhilomitha abafinyelela kwabahlanu. Floodplains zinezikhathi ayimigodi okunzima ithala ukuthi ukufinyelela ububanzi amakhilomitha amabili futhi bahlale ezindaweni ezinkulu. Kukhona evamile ayimigodi engajulile kanye amagquma 6-9 amamitha eliphezulu, sinkholes futhi agcwalise. Isimo sezulu zalezi zindawo subcontinental, isilinganiso lokushisa laminyaka yonke kuwubufakazi 5.4 ° ^C. kwezulu kuba 550-590 mm ngonyaka. Winter ngokuvamile ngokulinganisela abandayo. Khumbula le ngoma: "Shumel kanzima Bryansk ihlathi ..."? Lona nje mayelana esiqiwini. Ihlobo efudumele. I amplitude we lokushisa yonyaka - 25-27 ^° C kunazo zonke onyakeni - izinsuku 136-154 - lokushisa air zero degrees.

Amadamu Bryansk amahlathi

Polesie imifula nemingenela ka eMfuleni Desna futhi basonta somfula Dnieper. Olunye ulwazi mayelana yamanzi egeleza esiqiwini. Izinsini siteshi ngesikhathi endaweni engaba ngu-90 km, ububanzi balo: max - 144 metres, evamile - 60-80 m Poyma - edlelweni, exhaphozini, 4-5 km ububanzi ..

Omunye umfula Nerussa kwesokunxele izinsini owumthelela, has a ubude endaweni kunikezwa mayelana 110 km, ububanzi isiteshi lingafika ku 52 metres, ngokuvamile - 25-30. Ububanzi kwimfunda - 2-3 amamitha, kuba izimbuku, ihlathi, edlelweni kanye ihlathi. Akwaziwa kusukela Navlya River, North kanye Usozha. Futhi eziningi emifuleni encane, ubude baso kuhluka amakhilomitha amahlanu kuya 38 "Bryansk Ihlathi" Reserve, elinesimo inombolo encane zamachibi, okuyizinto emfuleni main oxbows Navlya, Nerusso nezinsini. Of amadamu kwimfunda ume esisogwini upland masimu Gums Zherenskie echibini: Lake. Big Gérin, a ka 0.3-0.4 amamitha ukujula, futhi Lake. Small Gérin, mayelana ezimbili amamitha ezijulile. Kukhona futhi incane kakhulu, uhlobo sinkholes.

Uyithola kanjani kuze kufike endaweni ebekelwe ziphuma emizini eseduze

Kusukela Bryansk - ithrekhi "Bryansk-Kiev" kuya baphendukela edolobhaneni Log Raven, njll - Umasipala of Bee, Kholmech, Terebushka futhi edolobhaneni Berezovka. Lapho, phakathi nendawo futhi kukhona baphendukela Manor emaphakathi. Kusukela Trubchevsk - ezikuthrekhi "Trubchevsk-Suzemka" kuya kokusha, Century futhi Berezovka. Kusukela Suzemka - ezikuthrekhi "Suzemka-Trubchevsk" ukuze Kholmech, Berezovka. Ngu isitimela - umzila "Bryansk-Suzemka" yesikhulumi Nerussa kanye amakhilomitha nesigamu ngezinyawo ukuze Manor emaphakathi. Cinisekisa Reserve Bryansk ihlathi ukuphathwa, etholakala maphakathi lesifunda at emgwaqweni Kalinina, inombolo yendlu 34. Leli hhovisi lithole umsebenzi wakhe ukunconywa -World Wildlife Fund.