Antiretroviral: uhlu kanye nobufakazi. ukwelashwa ngezidambisi gciwane kakhulu asebenzayo

HIV ayilona namuhla isinqumo. Iziguli bangaphila ngokuphepha nalesi sifo, umsebenzi, ukuqala umndeni. Odinga ukukwenza - iwukuba avume ukwelashwa njalo nge ejenti ngezidambisigciwane chemotherapeutic. Zonke lezi zakhiwo babizwa yizigaba ezintathu: i-HIV protease inhibitor, nucleoside futhi okungezona-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor HIV.

Kubalulekile nokukhumbula ukuthi imishanguzo ayikwazi ngokuphelele welaphe ingculazi. Insure ezifweni nayo iphumelele. Izidakamizwa kuphela zivimbela ukuphindwaphindwa amagciwane, ukusiza ukuthuthukisa isimo lesiguli. Ngezansi uzobe wachaza izidambisigciwane eceliwe kunazo.

"Lamivudine"

Agent libhekisela eqenjini-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor HIV. ejenti elwa namagciwane ingena phakathi amaseli bese akheka lapho, kanjalo okubangela okusithiyayo of ukufanisana ezibangelwa amagciwane. Indlela ukwelapha i-HIV ukutheleleka usebenzisa izidakamizwa "lamivudine" kubonisa ukusebenza kahle eliphezulu. Ithuluzi ubuye asebenzayo ngokumelene ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B. Umuthi ngokushesha ugxile ngokwanele kusuka pheshana emathunjini. Ihora ngemva kokungenisa bioavailability e-plasma ifinyelela inkomba 80%. Ukuxhumana-plasma amaprotheni 30%. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ingxenye esebenzayo kalula kweqa isithiyo esinomhlapho.

Izidakamizwa "lamivudine" lisetshenziswa ekwelapheni kwe-HIV kubantu abadala kanye nezingane. Ngokuvamile imithi isetshenziswa njengengxenye ukwelashwa (ukusetshenziswa ozikhethela namanye amanxusa namagciwane ngoba ukwelapha i-HIV). Futhi imithi kungenziwa iphathwe ezingamahlalakhona viral ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B. Umuthi akuyona contraindicated phakathi nokukhulelwa kanye lactation. Lesi sikhungo ingasetshenziswa for ekwelapheni izinsana. Misa ukusebenzisa izindleko izidakamizwa kuphela uma kwenzeka ukuthi kukhona ukuzwela kwabaningi yezingxenye.

izidakamizwa ekuhlanganyeleni

reception Joint kusho "lamivudine" futhi "Zimavudin" kungenzeka. It kuyafaneleka ukucabangela ukuthi bioavailability imithi encishisiwe kakhulu. It is hhayi Kunconywa ukusebenzisa kokubili imithi, okuyinto ukubunjwa yayo babe didanosine noma sulfanilamin. Ukungasinaki ukwenza kanjalo kungaholela okubi kakhulu of pancreatitis. Ngokuphawulekayo kwandisa lokuhlushwa izinto asebenzayo - lamivudine - igazi izidakamizwa "TMP".

Ukwelashwa uqhutshwa kuphela kadokotela. Uthenge i ekhemisi akukwazi ikhambi "lamivudine" ngaphandle kadokotela. Intengo umuthi ruble 3,500. Umthamo kanye nokwelashwa lwemithi Uchwepheshe amasethi, esekelwe izici ngamunye isiguli, futhi uhlobo lesi sifo.

Umuthi kumele kusetshenziswe ngokuqapha nge kahle umsebenzi kwezinso. I nomuthi angabelwa komunye letinemakhono ubuncane Isikali izinga uma QA lingaphansi kuka-50 ml / imiz. Ukwakhela eziyalezweni ukwelashwa, udokotela kufanele inake ukuthi ingxenye esebenzayo livela ngokuyinhloko nezinso. Abantu nge isibindi kahle umsebenzi umthamo udinga ukulungiswa. Uma ubona ezifana izimpawu iyashaqisa njengoba ubuhlungu besisu, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, kusho "lamivudine" kufanele ukhansele. Lo chwepheshe uqhuba ukuhlola isiguli. Ukwelashwa ingaqhutshezwa kuphela uma inkinga itholakala lapho sibusa 'pancreatitis acute ".

Ekwelapheni yokutheleleka nge-HIV kuyinto "lamivudine". Inani lentengo lomuthi kuqhathaniswa ongaphakeme. Kubalulekile nokukhumbula ukuthi akukho imithi angeke ukuvikela ukutheleleka ngegazi noma ngocansi. Umuthi ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa njengendlela prophylactic.

"DDI ngezibalo"

Umuthi namagciwane kakhulu esebenzayo ukulwa ne-HIV. Ochwepheshe Balisebenzisa kusho "Didanosine." Umhlahlandlela uchaza indlela isicelo, izinkomba kanye umthamo. Umuthi itholakala ngendlela amaphilisi, amaphilisi chewable, amaphilisi. Ngosizo lwabo, futhi kungenzeka ukulungiselela slurry. ingxenye esebenzayo didanosine. Ngaphezu kwalokho, asetshenziselwa izinto ezinjalo, njengoba aspartame, magnesium hydroxide, ama-titanium dioxide, sorbitol, i-calcium carbonate, magnesium stearate, futhi tangerine ukunambitheka. Kusho ikhiqizwa ngezilinganiso 100, 125, 200 no-400 mg.

Didanosine kuyinto zokwenziwa-nucleoside analogue dioksiadenozina suppresses impendulo HIV e emangqamuzaneni omzimba. I bioavailability isithako esebenzayo ifinyelela 60% ngehora elilodwa ngemuva kokuthatha izidakamizwa ngaphakathi. Okuningi ngempumelelo izidakamizwa intando, uma isetshenziswa ihora ngaphambi kokudla noma amahora ama-2 emva kokudla. Sebenzisa kanye ukudla kunciphisa bioavailability isithako esebenzayo e-50%. Kuboniswa izidakamizwa yi isibindi kanye nezinso. Umzimba didanosine kuncike degree umsebenzi so-renal.

I nomuthi ingasetshenziswa kuphela lihambisana namanye izidakamizwa elwa namagciwane ukwelapha nge-HIV. I nomuthi uvunyelwe ukuba amise abesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kanye lactation. Hhayi contraindicated izindlela "DDI ngezibalo" nezingane. Khomba izidakamizwa izingane kuphela kuze kube iminyaka emithathu. Khansela imithi kuyadingeka uma kwenzeka ukuthi kukhona ukuzwela landa Isakhi esiyinhloko. Abantu ne kahle isibindi umsebenzi nomuthi kumele kusetshenziswe ngokuqapha.

Indlela ukuthatha imithi?

Udokotela usungula Isikali kuncike ngobucayi isifo, kanye izici ngamunye isiguli. ukwelashwa ngezidambisi gciwane kungaba kwenziwe ngokuvumelana nezincomo elicacisiwe imfundo. Izinga nsuku zonke incike isisindo emzimbeni. Abantu ogama isisindo ingeqi kg 60, besamukela abangaphezu kuka-250 mg izidakamizwa ngosuku. Ezigulini enesisindo kg engaphezu kwengu-60, umthamo bengase bazikhandlele mg 400. Capsule kuthathwe kanye ngosuku. Abakwazi ukuhlafuna. Kumele kuthathwe ngokuba namanzi amaningi. Kunconywa ukuthi imishanguzo ekuseni, esiswini esingenalutho.

Tablets ingaphinda isetshenziswe ukulungisela slurry. Odinga ukukwenza nje alulaze umenzeli esincane amanzi abilisiwe. Zonke yangosuku zingahlukaniswa zibe izinyathelo ezimbili. Ilungiselela ukumiswa kungagcineki isikhathi esingaphezu kwehora. Kusihlwa, izindlela okufanele zithathwe ngaphambi kokulala ngesikhathi 2 amahora ngemva kokudla. Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 imithi uqokwa nje ngesimo ukumiswa.

Iziguli ngemva kweminyaka engu-70 kwenziwa ukulungiswa umthamo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lapho umuntu eguga siyabhubha umsebenzi kwezinso. Izinga Standard nsuku kungaholela komzimba okufana pancreatitis, peripheral neuropathy, lactic acidosis. On the ingxenye pheshana emathunjini angagcina izenzakalo ezingemnandi ezifana nomlomo owomile, sokuzincisha ukudla, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza. Uma Ukuwohloka impilo isiguli Kunconywa ukusebenzisa for babonisana nge onguchwepheshe. Mhlawumbe izidakamizwa izokhanselwa. Doctor imithi engathatha izinga ( "Thymidine" noma analogs ka "Thymidine", "ABC", "i-lamivudine").

"Videx"

ingxenye Active yalesi izidakamizwa futhi didanosine. antiretroviral kuleli qembu kabanzi esetshenziswa ekwelashweni yokutheleleka nge-HIV. Iqiniso omuhle ukuthi izidakamizwa ingasetshenziswa izinsana nezingane ezincane. Omncane iziguli ejenti "Videx" inikezwa ngesimo powder for ukumiswa. Isikali ibalwa ngamunye ngokuhambisana degree ukutheleleka, kanye izici ngamunye isiguli. Ungasebenzisi izidakamizwa kuphela uma ekuthuthukiseni hypersensitivity kuya didanosine.

ukwelashwa ngezidambisi gciwane Kwenziwa ngokushesha emva ukuthola lesi sifo kwabanye. Njengoba imithi zokuvimbela alisetshenziswa. Imithi has cishe akukho Izimo. Tablets noma powder "Videx" musa abangele side effects, uma kukhethwe kahle umthamo lwemithi. Khansela isidakamizwa kufanele kube uma kukhona izinsolo sokuthuthukiswa pancreatitis.

"AZT"

Umuthi namagciwane kakhulu esebenzayo ukulwa ne-HIV. ingxenye esebenzayo zidovudine. Yokusetshenziswa uchaza nezinsizasenzo. Lezi zihlanganisa isitashi pregelatinized, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose. I enamathela ifilimu sakhiwe titanium dioxide, polydextrose, glyceryl kaprilokaprata. Umuthi kusetshenziswa njengengxenye ukwelashwa, ezifana ne-HIV-1 ukutheleleka. Phakathi nenkathi yokukhulelwa, le izidakamizwa ingasetshenziswa njengendlela zokuvimbela yokudlulisela perinatal igciwane kusuka kumama kuya-fetus.

Umuthi enezinto eziningi Izimo. Tablets "AZT" akuyona zaphathwa izingane kanye neziguli omdala enesisindo esingaphansi 30 kg. Ezimweni ezingavamile, kungase ukuthuthukisa hypersensitivity kuya ingxenye esebenzayo. Wamukele izidakamizwa ngaphakathi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukudla. Labo uthenge khona lo mkhiqizo "Zidovudine 300", kufanele usebenzise izibhebhe ezimbili ngosuku. Uma isiguli ukala kg engaphezu kwengu-60, kubalulekile ukuthatha mg zomuthi 20 kabili ngosuku.

Libhekisela eqenjini izidakamizwa ephezulu ontengo yakhe yayinqunyiwe, "i-AZT". Intengo elilodwa iphakethe amaphilisi 60 ruble ezingaphezu kuka-10 000.

"Abacavir"

Uphiko asebenzayo izibhebhe kuyinto abacavir sulfate. Umuthi kabanzi lisetshenziswe ukwelashwa namagciwane e-HIV. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibhebhe kuhlanganisa izingxenye ezilandelayo: microcrystalline cellulose, yensimbi oxide ophuzi, Polysorbate, ama-titanium dioxide, i-magnesium stearate, Opadry Yellow, triacetin. Imithi ingasetshenziswa kuphela njengengxenye ukwelashwa. amaphilisi alinikeziwe "ABC" uma hypersensitivity kuya Isakhi esiyinhloko. Imithi contraindicated e seziguli ezisencane kabani isisindo ingeqi 14 kg. Okumele kuqashelwe kufanele yokwelapha iziguli esingamahlalakhona kwezinso.

Umthamo zomuthi ibalwa ngamunye ngokuhambisana ukuma ukutheleleka lesiguli. Kubantu abadala, isilinganiso engayitholi nsuku kuyinto 600 mg ngelanga (ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezintathu). Ukusebenzisa izibhebhe sokuphuza isilinganiso esengeziwe somuthi anda kungaholela ukuthuthukiswa komzimba nezinto.

Futhi kubhekiselwa kuye ngokuthi izindlela ezibizayo "ABC". Intengo elilodwa pack of amaphilisi idlule ruble 15 000.

"Ziagen"

ingxenye Active, njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni langaphambilini, kuyinto abacavir sulfate. Amalungiselelo kukhona analogue futhi Ungashintshanisa nomunye. Kusho "Ziagen" ngempumelelo esetshenziswa ekwelashweni yokutheleleka nge-HIV. Umuthi kusiza ukuthuthukisa isimo lesiguli, ukubuyela ekuphileni okuvamile. Izibhebhe babe cishe akukho Izimo. It is hhayi eyabelwe izidakamizwa kuphela iziguli kabani isisindo ingeqi 14 kg.

Izinga nsuku zonke zomuthi kunqunywa udokotela. Kuthatha libhekelele uhlobo lesi sifo, kanye izici ngamunye isiguli (isisindo, ubudala). Izingane nesisindo esingaphansi kuka-20 kg, iqondiswa ithebhulethi isigamu kabili ngosuku. Izinga Daily i isiguli esingumuntu omdala angase afinyelele amaphilisi amathathu ngosuku.

ukusetshenziswa engalungile zomuthi kungaholela ukuthuthukiswa amathuba okuba nemiphumela engemihle. Kufanele afune usizo lukadokotela uma beba nezimpawu ezifana nesifo sohudo, ubuhlungu besisu, isicanucanu nokuhlanza. Lezi zenzakalo kungase kubonise pancreatitis. Futhi njalo bephawula ukusabela iguliswa ngesimo ukuqubuka futhi ukulunywa.

"Ziagen" amaphilisi kungenzeka indawo esebenzisa "AZT". Intengo kwezidakamizwa cishe ezifanayo.

"Olitid"

I namagciwane izidakamizwa esebenzayo ukulwa ne-HIV. ingxenye Active - sulfate abacavir. Umuthi itholakala ifomu powder for ukumiswa, kanye amaphilisi. Kusho "Olitid" kungaba yingxenye yokwelapha eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuzelapha ayisetshenziselwa. Umthamo zomuthi kunqunywa udokotela. Ukulungiswa ifomu tablet lingasetshenziswa kuphela iziguli kabani isisindo idlula 14 kg. Qaphela esimisiwe 'Olitid "amaphilisi kakhulu eminyakeni yokuguga. Lokhu kungenxa ingozi ukungasebenzi kwezinso.

antiretroviral, kuhlanganise imithi "Olitid" asetshenziswa yenzelwe ukuthi onguchwepheshe injongo. Ukuze uthenge imithi ekhemisi ngaphandle kadokotela akukwazi.

"Retrovir"

Umuthi kabanzi yokwelapha eyinkimbinkimbi HIV. Ngemva kokungenisa ejenti ngokushesha ugxile kusukela pheshana emathunjini. isakhi Active lingena kalula umgoqo esinomhlapho. Lokhu kunakwe lapho ekuthuthukiseni ukuphathwa zemithi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe. I nomuthi ingasetshenziswa njengendlela zokuvimbela professional HIV. Lokhu kubalulekile ikakhulukazi abasebenzi laboratory abaqhuba ucwaningo materials kungangcoli.

Isikali kunqunywa ngamunye by udokotela ukuba khona. Ubuningi yangosuku abadala ayikwazi ukudlula mg 600. Ochwepheshe batusa ukuba bahlukanise kube izingxenye ezingaba ezintathu. Indlela ephumelela kakhudlwana kungaba uma uthatha esiswini esingenalutho. Ngezinye nesenzakalo yini imiphumela emibi kufanele ubonane nodokotela.