Amafomu izinhlobo zezitsha zokuphatha

Kwaphela isikhathi eside emhlabeni wonke zisebenzisa indlela elula ukuhambisa izimpahla. Okwamanje, kunezinhlobo inqwaba ezitsheni ezahlukene zokuthutha, kokubili elincane lelikhulu. Isitsha izinhlobo, okungukuthi ngoba zibizwa kanjalo, zihlukile, asetshenziselwa ukuthutha izimpahla yokuqhelelana aseduze nakude. Kukhethwa kuncike ukuthi kwenzekani ukuba sithwale inkampani yezokuthutha, lapho futhi zenziwa ngayiphi indlela. Izinhlobo iziqukathi zokuthutha nethonya eliqondile intengo ikhokhwe yikhasimende. I eziyinkimbinkimbi imisebenzi yezokuthutha, aba maningi lemali wakhokha.

Igama elithi "isitsha"

Ngaphambi kokucabangela le izinhlobo zezitsha zokuphatha kumele baqonde kahle yilokho "isitsha". Lolu hlobo umthamo esebenza kokuthutha wezimpahla noma yikuphi emhlabeni nganoma iyiphi indlela elula:

• imoto;
• izindiza;
• isitimela;
• isitsha seagoing.

I izitsha kungenziwa eyayenziwe ngezinhlanga ezahlukene futhi abe emasayizi nabobunjwa labehlukene. Sibheka ngokuningiliziwe, yiziphi izinhlobo.

Lapho eqhamukela?

Ukusetshenziswa iziqukathi kwaqala phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, lapho ezinjalo uhlobo zokuthutha United States isicelo. Ekuqaleni, isembozo senziwa ngokhuni, kodwa kancane kancane, esikhundleni sayo kufakwe ezitsheni steel, futhi in the 50s wemikhumbi yokuqala enkulu wenziwe esikhundleni uhlobo zokuthutha. Amandla ukushintsha uhlobo zokuthutha kule nqubo kwaba usizo kakhulu, ngoba kungenzeka ukuba ukuthutha izimpahla olude, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa okuqukethwe kuze kube uya khona. Lolu hlobo ngokuthi esitsheni intermodal. Futhi kamuva, ngo-60s, kwakukhona amazinga ajwayelekile ukuthi uchaze ukuthi kufanele kube zonke iziqukathi ngezindinganiso ochwepheshe.

Izinhlobo, izinhlobo zezitsha zokuphatha

Ngokuletha ndawonye yonke imibono izinkampani zokuthutha kanye nezifundiswa, bakwazi ukubona uhlobo oluthile emaphaketheni ngezinto zokuhamba. Cabangela izinhlobo iziqukathi esethulwa eMihlanganweni Yesigodi emakethe yesimanje. Hlukanisa zama-container ku nemingcele ezifana:

• usayizi;
• impahla;
• umthamo;
• Ngenxa ukuthutha;
• thayipha iziqobosho;
• uhlobo izimpahla.

Nge Ubukhulu ecacile, nge impahla kanye nomthamo kakhulu, konke ulula. Esebenzisa ezokuthutha izindlela, ngayiphi indlela esiphathiswa kuhanjiswe izimpahla: .. ngendiza, ngesitimela, ulwandle nokunye Okunamathiselwe - indlela ukuthi kuyadingeka ukuthi siphakamise futhi athwale imithwalo on the imoto. Umhlobo izimpahla kuthinta ukuthi kukhona esiqandisini esitsheni, noma izindonga zawo ebekelwa emollients ngoba ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla ethambile, nokunye.

ngezigaba

Ngakho, kukhona izinhlobonhlobo kanye osayizi iziqukathi. Sizobe bakutshele mayelana ongakhetha ethandwa kakhulu futhi asetshenziswa njalo.

• "Umthwalo Jikelele". elivaliwe uhlobo esitsheni, zikhona iminyango, izindonga babe rigidity okusezingeni eliphezulu, phansi nophahla uqine ngokwanele; Georgia akanayo ukufinyelela imvelo.
• "I imininingwane ye-wezimpahla." Futhi, umthamo namandla, kodwa ngaphezu lokuqala, lapho izimpahla zingasuswa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa iminyango; sibonga nezimfanelo zayo yalolu hlobo container livame ukusetshenziswa njengoba umgodi ukupholisa.
• "Klouzd ventileytid". Okufakiwe ne yokuvulwa esikhethekile ukupholisa khulula; esetshenziselwa ukuthutha izimpahla, okuyinto akawuthandi umswakama.
• "Phezulu Oupen." Lolu hlobo iyafana imoto ezivamile ngaphandle ophahleni; ke ingafakwa kusuka kunoma iyiphi impahla ofanele (plastic, enyakazayo); ezinhlotsheni ezinjalo wezimpahla ithuthwe, okuyinto osayizi oversized, futhi awukwazi ngomkhumbi ke ngomnyango.
• "Rack Flat". Kuyinto isiteji evulekile, ehambisana umthwalo esebenzisa hardware ekhethekile (imoto, ugodo nokunye. D.).
• "Isikhungo". Lezi iziqukathi athandwa abakhiqizi ukudla, ngoba anemisila amafriji. Ezokuthutha inyama, inhlanzi, imikhiqizo yobisi manje ngaphandle kobudisi.
• "Tank". Leli fomu kufanelekile ezihambayo imikhiqizo liquid noma gaseous; Inani iyona yobunzima eliphelele isitsha.
• "Ngobuningi Dry." Lolu hlobo isetshenziswa ukuhambisa esiningi izimpahla ezomile, okuyinto eyenza abasindwayo ngobuningi (okusanhlamvu, isihlabathi njll).
• "Umthwalo Neymd." Lezi zinhlobo abe ewumngcingo focus okhethekile, njengoba sisebenza ukuthwala omunye uhlobo oluthile umkhiqizo (isib, ezifuywayo); ngenxa yale njongo, zikhona amadivaysi okubalulekile ukuze ugcine izilwane.

Ngokuqondene ngqo injongo iziqukathi ke, njengoba sekuphawuliwe kakade, kukhona iziqukathi:

• wezimpahla owomile;
• ukuhambisa uketshezi;
• zikaphethiloli yezokuthutha;
• zokuhamba eziphilayo (izinkukhu, izinkomo).

Ubukhulu zeziqukathi nazo zihlukaniswa ezihlukahlukene zabo. Ngakho, kukhona:

• "20-foot ejwayelekile". Ezokuthutha zonke izinhlobo wezimpahla.
• "40-foot ejwayelekile". Ukuze izimpahla ezahlukene Ubukhulu esikhulu.
• "Haykyub". Ngezinye amane izinyawo obuphelele it has a obunamandla futhi oluqinile kakhulu.
• "Phezulu Vula", kanye nazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zezitsha zokuphatha. iziqukathi ezinjalo, futhi 20-foot and 40-foot. Kukhethwa usayizi incike ubukhulu umthwalo.

izinhlobo zokuthutha

Njengoba sekushiwo, izinhlobo iziqukathi zincike ngendlela okuphethwe ngayo zokuthutha ngeke kwenziwe. Ngemva kokutadisha izimfuneko ukuthutha izimpahla kanye ukuvikeleka kwabo, siyaqonda ukuthi imoto ezokuthutha wehlukile zokuthutha, isibonelo, isitsha seagoing. Kulesi sisekelo, bese ukhetha uhlobo ezifanele esitsheni. amakhasimende abaningi bakhetha ukubhekana inkampani yezokuthutha eyodwa kuphela kulo lonke zokuthutha. Kodwa kukhona ukhetho esiphathiswa ushintsho inqubo ezihambayo. Namuhla akuseyona inkinga. Into kuphela okudingeka sikukhumbule ukuthi uma ekubhekaneni inkampani eyodwa, ukulethwa kwezimpahla kuyokulahlekisela ishibhile kuka kuleli cala, uma usebenzisa amasevisi izinkampani ezahlukene.

Ezokuthutha phezu w / e

Ukuyisa yiziphi izimpahla usebenzisa isitimela isetshenziswa esitsheni ikakhulu enemisebenzi ezingaba ubambe eziyikhulu namashumi amathathu namakhulu amakhilogramu. elula kakhulu Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi iziqukathi unamadivayisi esikhethekile okunamathiselwe endaweni yesikhulumi. Lokhu kunikeza nenkanuko edlulele okunamandla wezimpahla, futhi kwandisa ukuphepha ngesikhathi ezokuthutha. Iziqukathi zingasuswa phezu ezisekelweni, izinqola izinqola evulekile. Akubalulekile imali ngalesi sigaba, ukuthi zinjalo yini osikhethile uhlobo efanele esitsheni uhlobo ukulethwa, umphumela ibhizinisi kuxhomeke kakhulu.

ukuthutha ngemikhumbi

Izinhlobo ekuhanjisweni kungabuye zihlukaniswa ngobukhulu babo. Kodwa kuvame kakhulu ukuba kusetshenziswe kulezi uyisa iziqukathi ezomile, uhlobo jikelele futhi "High Cube", nakuba ikhono yabo ingase ibe khona ehlukile, futhi ngobukhulu kusukela amabili kuya amane izinyawo. Kunoma yikuphi, ukuthi okuningi kuncike endleleni ubunjalo wezimpahla. kudingeka njalo ukuba umuntu cabanga eziphuthumayo kungenzeka ukuthi kungenzeka olwandle. Ngakho-ke, i-eziqinile isitsha, cishe esingaphansi ukulahlekelwa noma kulimaze izimpahla. Kulokhu, omunye amaphuzu ayisihluthulelo ubhekwa indlela yokuphepha wezimpahla isembozo uqobo.

Gilazi we "North"

Lona uhlobo olukhethekile esitsheni, ngoba esetshenziselwa ukuthutha izimpahla, futhi abantu baphile emhlabeni izimo ezimbi kakhulu enyakatho. Kuyinto uhlobo mini-indlu, ifakwe kuzo zonke izakhiwo ezidingekayo ukuze abantu bahlale kuwo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nemingcele ezifana:

• udonga ukwahlukanisa;
• ukuphepha ekhaya umlilo;
• iminyango akhethekile amafasitela, hhayi kwi freezer nasemakhazeni kakhulu;
• ezizimele ugesi;
• Ukushisa nokunye okuningi.

Ukuthuthukiswa lolu hlobo container is kakhulu ziyancipha ngokuphazamisa abantu abasebenza enyakatho. Lolu hlobo esitsheni kuthandwa kakhulu, kokubili ezweni lethu kanye nasemazweni aphesheya. Hhayi nje ama-movie, ekuphileni kwangempela sibhekana nge "enyakatho" inketho okunjalo ekhaya. Kunzima ushayele ibhokisi lokuthumela, kodwa sihlale kuwo ngesikhathi ezokuthutha Kusengenzeka. Eminyakeni yamuva, "indlu" wahlupheka emisha eminingi. Minyaka yonke unezela lula kakhudlwana ezincwadini lobuchwepheshe ukwandisa izinga induduzo.