Kuziwa endabeni yentukuthelo, ophahleni ngezandla zakhe ngezinyathelo. Iinsetjenziswa ophahleni kuziwa endabeni yentukuthelo,

ophahleni kuziwa endabeni yentukuthelo - omunye ezichumayo uphahla. Ngokuvamile, kungenziwa ngale miklamo thile kubonakala kuzo zonke izinhlobo izindlu - emadlangaleni, emagalaji, ama-sauna, njll Kwesinye isikhathi lokhu kwenzeka ukufulela kanye izakhiwo zokuhlala. Uqinisile nendlela ukukhwezwa mafutha kuya ophahleni ngezandla zakhe, igxathu negxathu sibheke kamuva kulesi sihloko.

Yini izinto ezidingekayo

kuyodingeka ukwakhiwa kophahla kuziwa endabeni yentukuthelo, ukuthenga lokhu okulandelayo:

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kudingeka amathuluzi ezilandelayo:

• Ukufakwa kokumqoka kuphela nesando.
• Ukufulela nezikulufi self-evunyelwe nezinzipho.
• Amandla akubona.

ophahleni design

is bazakha kanjani isakhiwo esinjalo, njengoba mafutha kuya ophahleni, ngezandla zakhe? Step by step uyibuke ngezansi. Yiqiniso, ngaphambi kokuba ngiqale ukwenza noma yini, kufanele nakanjani wenze iphrojekthi bese udweba idayagramu. Kulesigaba engela ekhethiwe emthambekeni futhi wenza zonke izibalo ezidingekayo.

Uphiko sokuqala kuxhomeke ezicini eziningana. Lokhu umoya neqhwa imithwalo, okuyinto izosebenza esifundeni. Ukubala kwenziwa usebenzisa amakhadi ezikhethekile. Imidwebo ophahleni isihloko saziso ezinhlinzekweni zoMthetho imithetho nemingcele.

Futhi, i-engeli enyakazayo incike impahla ukufulela. Okwamanje, uhlobo ethandwa kakhulu zesikhumba kuyinto ishidi steel, ngokukhethekile, okufana yayo ezifana lensimbi. Sizobuye sidingide indlela ukufakwa kwale nto ethile. Uma usebenzisa i-engeli ubuncane ukuthambekela kophahla kuziwa endabeni yentukuthelo, kufanele kube degrees 14.

kuziwa endabeni yentukuthelo, ophahleni design kufanele bacabangele ipharamitha ezifana: lemali edingekayo ukufulela impahla. Ukuze ufunde indlela ukufunda, kungakanani udinga ukuthenga uthayela, uchaze ngezansi.

Kuziwa endabeni yentukuthelo, ophahleni uhlelo truss

Iinsetjenziswa kuziwa endabeni yentukuthelo, ophahleni, ikakhulukazi uhlelo lwayo ophahleni, ezahlukene lula ezakhayo. Esikhathini isimo kophahla enjalo inalokhu zici ezilandelayo:

• Mauerlat. Ngakho ngokuthi ugodo awugqinsi, sibekwa ngasezindongeni futhi umsebenzi usekelo semishayweni.
• Semishayweni. Lona isivikelo esiyinhloko-ophahleni. Isekela ngaphansi likhreyithi.
• Ukusekela imilenze. A kuziwa endabeni yentukuthelo, ophahleni onqenqemeni kufanele kube kunolunye. Ukuze kuzuzwe lokhu, isetshenziswa noma ibha obukhulu, noma ukwesekwa amakholomu. Lapho ububanzi eyiminyaka engaphezu kuka-4.5 m asethwe yokubeka Lesisemkhatsini.
• Jib. Esimweni lapho ufinyelela ububanzi ezingaphezu kuka-6 metres, nekucinisa jib strut (at 45 degrees). Uma ibanga phakathi kwezindonga ukwesekwa idlula 9 m, le jib ezimbili ayeba nhlangothi zombili.

Ukubala wophahla uhlelo

Kwaba naye aqale ukubala uphahla kuziwa endabeni yentukuthelo. Isebenzisa imisebenzi Trigonometric. Ubude semishayweni, isibonelo, imi kanje: C = A / cos a, lapho C - umshayo obuphelele, A - ububanzi ndima, futhi - engela ukuthambekela we kummango. Ukuze lesi sibalo kumele kwengezwe 50 m eziphephile Amashalofu okubeka.

Ukubalwa ukufulela impahla

Ngokulandelayo, ake sibheke indlela ukunquma indaba for uphahla. Bala lemali edingekayo of snap metal. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kudingeka uqale ukuthola indawo emthambekeni ngokuvele azalane ubude umshayo ku ubude cornice. Okulandelayo, umphumela etholwe sengezwe 4 cm eziphephile. Ngokuvamile ubude ophahleni kuziwa endabeni yentukuthelo, ulahlekile ishidi elilodwa. Uma kummango lide kakhulu, uzodinga acabangele futhi ububanzi ukugqagqana. Ophahleni ejwayelekile nge ukuthambekela degree angaba 35, lokhu ipharamitha uqobo 15 cm. Ububanzi ukweqelana mpo phakathi amashidi ngokuvamile in the ezahlukene 20 cm. Lona inani eliphansi. Ukuze ivikeleke, ukweqa zingenziwa ebanzi.

ukufakwa mauerlat

Cabanga ukufakwa isakhiwo ezifana mafutha kuya ophahleni, ngezandla zakhe (igxathu negxathu). Lomhlangano ophahleni uhlelo iqala ukufakwa mauerlat. Ukuze uthole kuziwa endabeni yentukuthelo, ophahleni obandayo kuvunyelwe Amabha amabili kuphela ezinhlangothini ezihlukene ethile. Uma izindonga isakhiwo ngokhonkolo Monolithic, ne ukwakhiwa zabo phezu amabhawudo ihange kufanele ugcwalise ziyakhula 50 cm. Ngendlela efanayo beze uma izindonga zakhiwe igesi noma Foam. Ngokusho imithetho, lapho abekwa phezu ukwakhiwa ukuhlela Monolithic ibhande ukhonkolo. Ukuze isitini ukwakhiwa mauerlat Indlela elula ukulungisa wire-induku, bay yayo ngqo wokwakha imigqa ezintathu phezulu.

Uma kwenzeka ukuthi yasetshenziswa ibha ihange ophakamayo lokuqala odongeni, babeka phezu kwabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kube sledgehammer kancane umsindo. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-underside yayo ahlale iminonjana amahange. Kulezi zindawo, futhi imigodi yamba. Okulandelayo, udinga futhi ubeke ibha odongeni ngokuphepha ukubophela nati ne washers ezinkulu.

Ukufakwa Racks ngaphansi semishayweni

Yiqiniso, kuphela uma elungile inhlangano truss uhlelo ukuze uthole ophahleni okunokwethenjelwa futhi iqine. (Ungabona ngezansi isithombe design efanayo) ukwenza kube ngempela kungenzeka yezandla zabo. Isethi yokuqala imele semishayweni. Okokuqala, unamathisele izingxenye mauerlat ukuthi udonga phezu okuzoba iphuzu esiphezulu kumpambuko. Khona-ke ukhuphule yokubeka odongeni Lesisemkhatsini. Oku kubo ngendlela efanayo njengoba mauerlat, uvikelekile ugodo Lejeune. Ibanga phakathi imishayo uqobo 80 cm. Esimeni lapho uphahla esakhiwe phezu okugeza noma indlu yokuhlala, futhi kamuva wamukela nomthwalo ukwahlukanisa yayo, kungcono uma iphimbo phakathi kwemilenze ilingana ububanzi heater ekhethiwe.

Vikela the yokubeka ukuba mauerlat futhi belele ekhoneni lashukumisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho jib asekelayo sehlisiwe uma kudingeka. Kwenza kubo lwemishayo ohlabayo kuka lo strut futhi ungenye izinzipho eduze isikhala elingaphakathi Ngokuzayo ekamelweni elisophahleni lwendlu.

ukufakwa semishayweni

semishayweni kakhulu omkhulukazi isakhiwo ezifana mafutha kuya ophahleni amashidi, asikho isidingo ukuhlela ukufunda ngazo. Indaba ukukhanya kakhulu, futhi akusho utjheja ukusekelwa. Ngu semishayweni mauerlat kungabuye ogibele ekhoneni. Ngezinye izikhathi engeyokuqala sezipikili ezintathu, esinye sazo kuqhutshwa thwi phezulu, kanti lawa amanye amabili - ezinhlangothini engela. yokubeka ogibele phezulu ebaleka lokuqala. Emishayweni ngaphansi kubalulekile ukusika slot. Ukukhweza wenziwa ku izinzipho.

Semishayweni ophahleni kuziwa endabeni yentukuthelo, oyi-kumelwe nakanjani kube ayegcwele isinqandakuvunda. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukunweba kakhulu ukuphila ophahleni. Noma ubani, ngisho enokwethenjelwa kakhulu ukufulela impahla ngezikhathi ezithile ukunika ukuvuza. It iwela okuthiwa ukufulela pie amanzi izimbangela abolile kwezinkuni.

ungangenisi amanzi

Iinsetjenziswa kuziwa endabeni yentukuthelo, uphahla njengoba ukufulela kanye isiphi esinye isakhiwo, ngempela imayelana nani ukufakwa ungangenisi amanzi impahla. Emapheshana wefilimu epulasitiki shelwe isiqondiso ovundlile. Vnatyag ke ayikwazi ukulungiswa. Iqiniso liwukuthi noma isiphi isakhiwo sokhuni ekugcineni unciphe kancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umoya onamandla kungaba intuthuko encane ukwakhiwa. Ngenxa yalokho, ifilimu umane aphule. Too nokunensa okuningi akudingeki futhi.

Namathisela ifilimu ngqo kube semishayweni ku nemigoqo 50 * 50 mm. Ngokulandelayo, phezu kwabo ukukhwezwa furring ovundlile. Iphimbo emkhatsini wetincenye teluhlaka ngabanye kulokhu kufanele alingane ububanzi amagagasi metal. Crate abethelwe ngezipikili lashukumisa.

Iinsetjenziswa uphahla kudoti uhlelo kanye wayibhinca

In the isinyathelo esilandelayo material ukufulela igibele ophahleni. Uma iphrojekthi inikeza amanzi amanzi ohlelweni, okokuqala udinga ukufaka kudoti. Ibanga emkhatsini wetincenye teluhlaka obandayo kuncike hlobo amanzi ezakhiwe. Okulandelayo, kudingeka silungise onqenqemeni isiphambukisi battens aphansi (phezu kudoti kubakaki) Cornice strip. Vikela ngezipikili noma ngezikulufo nge pitch ka cm 30. I ukugqagqana phakathi izingxenye slats kufanele okungenani 10 cm.

ukufakwa metal

Okulandelayo uqhubekele ishidi lokubopha. Imidwebo uphahla nge eyehlelayo ikakhulukazi eziyinkimbinkimbi musa ihluke. Cover ezakhiwe ezifana zensimbi kungaba fast kakhulu. Qala ukusebenza kusukela ekupheleni kummango. Ishidi lokuqala ahambelana phezu onqenqemeni ukuze kwaba eziphephile encane, futhi ukukulungisa at ugema kwenye isikulufa. Ngaphezu kwalokho ukhulisa ophahleni ishidi yesibili, edlelana ngezansi, banamathele ngowokuqala phezu ngezikulufo yokhalo ngokusebenzisa amagagasi. Ukubeka amashidi amaningi kangaka, zalungisa kubo futhi babiza likhreyithi. Kwenze futhi esebenzisa nezikulufi phansi namagagasi ngokusebenzisa esisodwa.

Ukuhlela isakhiwo esinjalo, njengoba ophahleni kuziwa endabeni yentukuthelo, ebhodi lukathayela, udinga ukulandela imithetho. Lokhu kuzovimbela ukulimala ungqimba phezulu amashidi polymer futhi ukunciphisa isikhathi sempilo yabo. Okokuqala, ukuzilimaza-material kufanele kwenziwe kuphela metal sikelo. Sander le njongo ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa. Okwesibili, kudingeka uhambe phezu kophahla ezicathulweni esithambile. Isitolo amashidi kufanele kube izitaki hhayi kakhulu, mhlawumbe endlini.

ukufakwa ukwahlukanisa

Ngakho, thina sikanye nawe yonke imininingwane esiphethweni indlela yokwenza uphahla kuziwa endabeni yentukuthelo. Kuleso simo, uma kuziwa endabeni yentukuthelo, ophahleni yakhiwe phezu kwendlu efulethini nasesikhathini esizayo sihlela uhlele ngezansi ekamelweni elisophahleni, it is Yiqiniso, kuyodingeka vimbela. Iningi ebisetshenziswa ukwahlukanisa yezimbiwa uvolo. Polystyrene Foam - okokusebenza futhi ezinhle kakhulu. Nokho, kubiza ezibizayo kancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, asikwazi ukusetshenziswa kula makhaya lapho kukhona igundane. Iqiniso lokuthi namagundane simdumise prodelyvat e Foam impahla uhamba bese uhlela nabo umgodi. Amagundane futhi emakhaya suburban - lo mkhuba ngempela evamile.

Lapho ukwahlukanisa kuba impela ngaphakathi ophahleni ngezandla zakhe (isithombe kuqinisekisa lokhu). Ngakho-ke, ngezansi sicabanga ncamashi le ndlela. Imishayo, uma lokhu akwenziwanga inhlangano, qiniseka ukuthi iphathe antifungal futhi kukhulisa izakhiwo refractory isakhiwo izinkuni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho therebetween eduze ukusetha slabs amaminerali uvolo. Ngakho ukuthi musa iwe kumpambuko enalokho kuthambekela, base fixed wire ezivamile, inkontilaki kaNgcobo kusuka imishayo ukuze umshayo.

isithiyo umusi ngisho nasekamelweni eliphezulu yokuqedela ulwelwesi

Ngemva kokufaka ukwahlukanisa uqale ukukhweza paroizolyatora. Ukusetshenziswa Its - inqubo kudingekile. Iqiniso ukuthi ngaphansi kophahla iqoqa inani avelele umusi kanye condensate isakhiwo sokuhlala. Uma isithiyo umusi ayifakiwe, amanzi iqala ukuba axazulule ngqo ukwahlukanisa. Futhi lokhu Yebo, kakhulu ukunciphisa impahla yayo nangokuvikela.

Indlela yokwenza kuziwa endabeni yentukuthelo, ophahleni efudumele? Kubalulekile ukukhetha paroizolyator kwesokudla. Obtyanut imiklamo kungaba, isibonelo, i-polyethylene. Nokho, esikhathini sethu leyo izinto ezikhethekile ezisetshenziswa njalo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi banayo ungqimba ucwecwe. Ngezinye attics, embozwe izinto ezinjalo, kuba agcinwayo kangcono ukushisa. Paroizolyator kufanele silungise ohlangothini ucwecwe out maqondana egumbini. Njengoba ifilimu manzi, ulinamathisela imigoqo ingxenye encane. Lokhu kungaba okunye ukuhlela ukupholisa igebe okuyothi ngemuva kwalokhu kuyoba emoyeni omiswe paroizolyator.

Ngesikhathi esigabeni sokugcina ngesikhathi Amabha zixhunywe sekugcineni esihle. kuvame kakhulu ukuba kusetshenziswe i-esehlanganise attics plywood engabizi. izinhlobonhlobo Wanamuhla kubukeka ngempela ehloniphekile. Attica, kwagcwala le nto, kubukeka ezikhangayo. Anazi ngisho Udinga ukusebenzisa design eyengeziwe - iphepha lokunamathisela odongeni, imidwebo, njll Ngezinye izikhathi elisophahleni ngombala ulwelwesi, blockhouse noma plasterboard. Uma wayefisa, le misebe bese usimende. Nokho, qaphela ukuthi lolu khetho akulona engcono. Stucco kusinda kakhulu truss uhlelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaleso ukuvuza kancane ke uzoqala ewa izicucu.

Ngakho, thina zibhekwa njengemikhiqizo ukukhwezwa owodwa iphimbo ophahleni ngezandla zakhe, igxathu negxathu. Sethemba manje une ucishe kucace ukuthi ungasetha kanjani umshayo uhlelo, ukwenza bezinhlamvu futhi vimbela elisophahleni lwendlu. Yenza umsebenzi ngokunembile, ukunamathela zonke izinhlinzeko zalo ubuchwepheshe, futhi une okuthembekile okunomsoco ophahleni eziyohlala ezingaphezu kweyodwa eyishumi.