Ama-suites aseFrance ngoJohn Sebastian Bach

Ngokusho kweNew York Times, u-Johann Sebastian Bach uthatha indawo yokuqala ohlwini lwabaqambi abanomthelela kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Umculo wakhe waphefumulela uBeethoven noMozart ukudala imisebenzi emikhulu. Ifa likaBach ngokwakhe lingaphezu kwemisebenzi eyizinkulungwane ezihlanganisa zonke izinhlobo zomculo, ngaphandle kwe-opera. Ubizwa ngokuthi yinkosi engavumelekile ye-polyphony.

Izinhlobo ze-Bach sikaMculo

U-Johann Sebastian waqala umsebenzi wakhe wokubhala umculo wesonto ezinhlotsheni zenkolo zendabuko, kodwa ngokushesha washukumisela ukuba abe nomhlaba wezwe. Emculweni wezwe, uBach wazitholela inkululeko yokukhuluma, ayengenayo ebandleni.

U-Bach wokuqala walingisa imisebenzi yabanye abaqambi, wabe eseqala ukuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene emsebenzini owodwa. U-Fugue wavumela uBach ukuba abonise ubuhlakani bakhe be-polyphony, kuyilapho ama-suites eveza ukujula komzwelo, futhi kwakudingeka isitsha esisodwa kuphela.

UBach wabhala umculo ngezinsimbi ezihlukahlukene, naphezu kokuthi ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe udume ngokudlala kwakhe okwenziwe kahle esithombeni. Imisebenzi eminingi umqambi wabhala ngomfutho, i-violin, i-harpsichord ne-keyboard.

Suites for Clavier

Imisebenzi yakhe yayiletha umculo wezwe kumhlaba wonke omusha, ikakhulukazi ekuqoqweni kwama-suites for the keyboard. Kuphelele, ezintathu zanyatheliswa: "ama-suites aseFrance", "ama-suites ase-English" ne "Partitas for the keyboard".

Phakathi nayo yonke imisebenzi yakhe, uBach wenza iphutha kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-suite, wanezela izingxenye ezintsha, ukushintsha izitsha nokujulisa umsindo. Kulezi qoqo ziqoqwa ama-suites, lapho umqambi asebenza khona kusukela ngo-1718 kuya ku-1730. Ahlukile ngesimo, ukwakheka nokuqukethwe.

Eqoqweni ngalinye lama-suites angu-6 anomklamo ofanayo - aqukethe izingxenye ezine eziyinhloko. Ngemijikelezo ngayinye, umqambi uneza izingxenye ezengeziwe, njenge-foreplay. Ama-suites aseFrance kaBach abonakala ngokulula kokubunjwa futhi kulula ukubulawa.

Iyini inkampani?

Kusuka eFulentshi, i-suite ihunyushwa ngokuthi "ukulandelana". Ngokomlando, le nkampani yayinezingxenye ezimbalwa zomculo, ehluke kakhulu nomunye nomunye. Ukwakhiwa kwalolu hlobo lwakhululwa ngokulandela isiko lokuhlanganiswa kwemidanso - kuphuza futhi kuyashesha ngokushesha emva kokuphila nokukhanya.

Khona-ke le nkampani yaba umehluko omkhulu. Ukwakhiwa okujwayelekile kwama-chamber suites okwakhiwa ngekhulu leshumi neshumi nesikhombisa eJalimane, ngokwengxenye kwaqiniswa uBach ngokwakhe. Namuhla ukwakhiwa kunamalungu amane:

• I-Allemande;
• I-Chime;
• I-Saraband;
• I-liquid.

Ngayinye yalezi zingxenye umdanso wasendulo.

Izinto ze-suite

I-Allemande - igama lomdanso, ikakhulukazi othandwayo ezikhathini ezibuhlungu. Kwavela igama lesiFulentshi elithi allemande, elihunyushwe ngokuthi "isiJalimane". Izimpande zaleli progenitor waltz zivela eJalimane ngekhulu le-16. Ama-suites aseFrance kaBach ahlukaniswa yiqiniso lokuthi umqambi wazama okuningi nge-allemand, ngezinye izikhathi akwenza sengathi i-prelude.

Okwamanje - umdanso wesiFulentshi, odumile ngekhulu le-XVI, ophethe ijubane elisheshayo. Ngesikhathi sikaJohn Sebastian Bach, le chime yalahlekelwa ukuthandwa kwayo, kodwa yaqhubeka iyisici se-suite, lapho umqambi wayegxila ekuziphatheni ngokomzwelo komsebenzi.

I-Sarabande - umdanso womuntu waseSpain . Ifomu laso langempela lalingenangqondo futhi lingenangqondo, futhi isonto, elingenakuvinjelwa, lizimisele ukulihlanza, liguqule libe ingoma yomngcwabo nge temposi encishisiwe. Ngesikhathi sikaBach, i-Saraband yaphinde yathandwa, kodwa isivele efonini elikhulu "elitshalwe".

I-Zhiga - enye ingoma yomkhathi wamaBaroque, izimpande zazo ezivela eNgilandi. Lesi yisici kuphela se-suite esingakaze sibe umdanso womphakathi ophezulu. I-suite yesiFulentshi yokuqala ku-C encane ibonakala ngoba uBach uye washintsha ngokuphelele i-tempo ye-vita.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zingxenye ezine ezidingekayo, i-suite ingaba nesandulela kanye nengxenye eyengeziwe, ngokuvamile idlalwe phakathi kokubili kokugcina.

Ama-suite aseFrance ngo-Bach

Umqambi ngokwakhe akazange anikeze amagama kuma-suites akhe, umlobi wokuqala weBach, uJohn Forkel, wababiza ngokuthi "isiFulentshi". Ukhulume ukuthi lezi zingcezu zomculo eziyisithupha zabhalwa ngesitayela saseFrance somculo we-harpsichord.

Kuwo wonke ama-suites abhalwe umqambi, amaFulentshi alula kakhulu kokuqukethwe nokusebenza. Kodwa-ke, akuyona into elula kakhulu njengokwamaNgisi, hhayi njengeyinkimbinkimbi njengoba i-partitas Bach eyakha. Ama-suite aseFrance, okuyizikhathi ezithile izilimi ezifana nesandulela, ngaphandle kokuphambene nesigqi esivamile, ziqukethe izingxenye ezimbalwa ezikhethwa phakathi kwe-saraband ne-vita. Nakuba umqambi uhlale eqinisile kuhlelo olujwayelekile: okokuqala i-allemande, bese kuthiwa i-chime, ilandelwe i-saraband, emva kwalokho yiyiphi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu izakhi ezengeziwe, futhi ekugcineni kwe-suite - i-lump.

Okuqukethwe komjikelezo wama-suites aseFrance

Umjikelezo wama-suites aseFrance unemisebenzi eyisithupha, ehluke ngezinombolo noma amagama amathonya:

• Owokuqala yi-suite ku-D encane. Iqukethe i-allemande, i-chime, i-sarabande, i-minuet ne-vitae. Futhi lo mdlalo uhlukile ngezinga elihluke ngokuphelele - 2/2.
• Owesibili yi-suite e-C encane. Kunezingxenye ezintathu ozikhethela phakathi kwe-saraband kanye ne-zhigaya - eyodwa ye-aria nemizuzu emibili.
• Okwesithathu yi-Suite Suite yesiFulentshi ku-B encane. I-suite ephawulekayo enezingxenye ezintathu ezengeziwe, i-gavotte, i-minuet ne-trio.
• Okwesine yi-suite e-E-flat enkulu. Ngaphezu kwezingxenye eziyinhloko, iqukethe i-gavot, i-aria kanye ne-minuet.
• Owesihlanu yi-suite ku- G enkulu. Kulo, phakathi kwezakhi ezimbili zokugcina ezigunyaziwe yi-Gavotte, uLaura no-Burr.
• Owesithupha yi-suite e-E enkulu nge-gavot, i-polonaise, i-burre ne-minuet eyengeziwe.

Naphezu kokuthi uBach akazange azamale ukwakheka okujwayelekile, ama-suites akhe agcwele amanoveli namathonya afana nomqambi ovela ngaphandle. Zigcwele izigqi ezintsha, izingoma ngisho ne-polyphony. Phakathi kwe-saraband kanye nomuntu ophilayo angakwazi ukuzwa i-gavot, i-polonaise noma i-minuet, kanye ne-saraband ngokwayo kuzo zonke izintathu eziyisithupha zithandana kakhulu futhi zithinta ngokomzwelo.