Adume iChibi iBaikal (kafushane)

Isizukulwane abasebasha ingabhala umsebenzi esibanzi "ukwedlula edumile iChibi iBaikal?" 4 esikoleni esiphakeme kuya kwesobunxele e- inkumbulo yethu ukwaziswa okuningi kangaka. Lona echibini ejulile emhlabeni - bathi abantu emashumini amane. Kodwa lokhu akulona inkomba kuphela, okuyinto ubonisa iChibi iBaikal e Champions isigaba. Hhayi-ke, ake ubuyekeze ulwazi lwethu kulesi iparele Russia. Akumangalisi echibini olwalubizwa ngokuthi uLwandle Ezingcwele! It ubhekwa indalo esiyingqayizivele kanina nemvelo, ukuqhosha gugu lesizwe yeRussia.

IBaikal njengendlela into yemvelo kwahlanganiswa 1996 by UNESCO kuseshini lwamashumi amabili nesikhombisa World Heritage Isintu uhlu (at inombolo 754). Kuyini ubunjalo leli chibi? Lokhu kuzoxoxwa ngakho esihlokweni sethu.

Lapho itholakala futhi edumile iChibi iBaikal (kafushane)

Le ukhangwa zemvelo cishe esiyingqayizivele maphakathi-Asia. Kumephu wezwe lakithi echibini elise-Eastern eSiberia, engxenyeni eseningizimu kakhulu ke. Lwekuphatfwa ngalokuyimphumelelo, ke wakha umngcele ophakathi Republic of Buryatia kanye esifundeni sase-Irkutsk we Russian Federation. IBaikal amakhulu kangangokuthi iyabonakala ngisho ukusuka endaweni. Blue ucwezana ke osuka ntshonalanga-mpumalanga. Ngakho-ke, abantu balapha ayivamile ngokuthi iBaikal echibini nolwandle. "Baigal uDalai" - bayahlonipha ambiza ngokuthi Buryats. I izixhumanisi ichibi 53 ° 13 'enyakatho latitude 107 ° 45' longitude empumalanga.

Adume iChibi iBaikal? Ake sibheke nemingcele ezahlukene.

ukujula

Ukuze uqale nge amaqiniso. IBaikal hhayi kuphela echibini ejulile emhlabeni, kodwa futhi umxhwele kakhulu ukucindezeleka ezwekazini. Lesi sihloko kuqinisekiswa izifundo zesayensi olwenziwa ngo-1983. Iphuzu ejulile echibini - 1642 amamitha ngaphezu kwamanzi - has izixhumanisi 53 ° 14'59 "enyakatho nenkabazwe futhi 108 ° 05'11" longitude empumalanga. Ngakho, iphuzu engezansi iBaikal okusezinhliziyweni 1187 amamitha ngezansi kolwandle. A amanzi chibi has ephakeme 455 amamitha ngaphezu izilwandle.

Isilinganiso kwechibi ukujula futhi lihlaba umxhwele: ngamakhulu ayisikhombisa namashumi amane nane amamitha. ezimbili kuphela amachibi emhlabeni, waba ngesilinganiso ikhilomitha phakathi kwamanzi futhi phansi esibukweni. Lena yoLwandle iCaspian (1025 m) kanye Lake Tanganyika (1470 m). Kakhulu-ejulile kakhulu - yilokho edumile iChibi iBaikal. NgesiNgisi-Google kunombolo Amaqhawe kathathu uthola East. Leli chibi itholakala e-Antarctica. It has a engaphezu kuka 1200 amamitha ukujula ngaphezu kwamanzi lamanzi linyuka amakhilomitha amane ice. Ngakho, singasho ukuthi ibanga phakathi phansi futhi phansi East elingamamitha angaphezu kuka libe yizinkulungwane eziyisihlanu. Kodwa lokhu emanzini akuyona echibini ngomqondo evamile yaleli zwi. Kunalokho, iyona komhlaba (ice) amanzi ethangini.

Ubukhulu

Le ndawo lokhu ichibi 31.722 amakhilomitha square. Okungukuthi, ubukhulu chibi ngempela ifaniswe amazwe anjenge-European njengoba Switzerland, Belgium noma Netherlands. Lake ubude amakhilomitha ayisithupha namashumi amabili, ububanzi uyahluka 24-79 km. Kulokhu, indawo esogwini okwakwakhiwe ibanga amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili nekhulu. Futhi lokho singabali iziqhingi!

Ubukhulu - yilokhu edumile iChibi iBaikal, futhi nakuba lokhu akwenzi ke kakhulu, ezinkulu emhlabeni. Kodwa ichibi uyaziqhenya endaweni yesishiyagalombili phakathi imidondoshiya. Phambili kukhona iCaspian Sea (okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi echibini, siqala okunosawoti), phezulu eMelika, Victoria, Huron, Michigan, eduze ne-Aral "ulwandle" futhi Tanganyika.

yobudala ahloniphekile

IBaikal - echibini Lokudabuka zomhlaba. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kwenzeka umlando walo ukujula. Kodwa lapho kwakukhona iphutha zomhlaba? Lo mbuzo namanje lososayensi kubhekwa evulekile. Ngokwesiko, engu kunqunywa ichibi eminyakeni million 20-25. Lesi sibalo sibonakala kumnandi. Ngemva echibini "baphile" e-avareji yamaphesende engaba yishumi, eminyakeni okungenani yizinkulungwane eziyishumi nanhlanu kuphela. Khona-ke ezifakwa anesihlabathi, inhlabathi silty ithola bese ukushintsha lonke ecosystem. Lake liphenduka ixhaphozi, futhi kuba ke, ngemva kweminyaka, in the meadow. Siberians kodwa nice nempilo ende yayo. Futhi edumile iChibi iBaikal, ngakho-ke iminyaka ngeminyaka.

Kufanele wathi ukuthi lo mdondoshiya eSiberia futhi ehlukile nemingcele - kwamanzi. IBaikal feeds emifuleni kunamasonto angaba amakhulu amathathu, bese ugelezela aphume ke ingenye kuphela - Angara. Futhi omunye ubunjalo: umsebenzi zokuzamazama komhlaba e amaphutha zomhlaba. Ngezikhathi ezithile phansi echibini kukhona ukuzamazama komhlaba. Eqinisweni, izinzwa zabo ukubona kungathi izinkulungwane ezimbili ngonyaka. Kodwa ukuzamazama komhlaba ngezinye izikhathi, futhi ezinkulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1959 isiqalo phansi echibini liye lehla mayelana nanhlanu amamitha.

I esimnandi kakhulu izakhamuzi zendawo Kudarinskoe ukuzamazama komhlaba ngo-1862, lapho amanzi ushiye isinqamu enkulu ezweni (200 sq. Km) nge ezigodini eziyisithupha, uhlalwe abantu engamakhulu nantathu. Le ndawo ku-delta ka eMfuleni Selenga manje ebizwa ngokuthi i-Gulf ukwehluleka.

Isikhombi fresh ithangi lamanzi

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iparele eSiberia kuphela lesishiyagalombili emhlabeni ngobukhulu, ngokuya umthamo wamanzi ke ingena Champions. Adume iChibi iBaikal kule ndaba? Iningi amanzi oLwandle iCaspian. Kodwa lapho kuba okunosawoti. Ngakho, iBaikal kungenziwa ngokuthi umholi ongenambangi. Iqukethe 23 615.39 cubic amakhilomitha yamanzi. Kumayelana amabili amaphesenti stock ingqikithi zonke amachibi emhlabeni. Ukuze abonise ukuthi kusho ukuthini lokhu sibalo, sicabange ukuthi sakwazi yonkhe amathathu namashumi of imifula egeleza echibini. Kodwa noma kunjalo, le Angara Wawuthatha iminyaka engamakhulu amathathu namashumi ayisishiyagalombili nesikhombisa sokukhipha echibini.

Nezilwane esiyingqayizivele nezimila

Strangeness Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi, naphezu zonke eChibini iBaikal ukujula okukhulu, echibini kukhona izimila eduze-phansi. Lokhu kungenxa yomsebenzi zokuzamazama komhlaba ngaphansi ukucindezeleka zomhlaba. Magma heats izingqimba phansi futhi nawenza nomoya-mpilo. Imithombo enjalo yamanzi afudumele evuka futhi abandayo - ivinjelwe. Half of the 2,600 zezilwane nezitshalo abahlala amanzi, - sekuphenduke umkhuba. Izazi zezinto eziphilayo ezikholelwa Iningi bamangale nerpa. Okuwukuphela echibini esincelisayo uhlala 4000 ukusuka nozakwabo amatilosi angabahwebi, futhi babhekana ngokuphumelelayo angenasawoti.

Kunzima ukusho ukuthi iyiphi inhlanzi edumile iChibi iBaikal kakhulu. Mhlawumbe golomlyanka. She - viviparous. umzimba wayo iqukethe amaphesenti angu-30 amafutha. Futhi yena wamangaza ososayensi nge ukuthuthela kwabo kwansuku zonke. Shoals zezinhlanzi zifuyelwa ukudla ekujuleni emnyama emanzini angajulile. Namanje bahlala echibini iBaikal Sturgeon, omul, whitefish, Grayling. A ngezansi embozwe angenasawoti neziponji.

Amanzi ahlanzekile futhi ecacile

Nge kwamanzi enjalo, futhi khona amabhizinisi zezimboni eseduze kunengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi iChibi iBaikal ingcolile. Hhayi kancane nje! Amanzi lapha akukhona ukuthi ukuphuza eduze distilled. Kungaba ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuphuza. Usiza epishura Lake samoochistitsya crustacean. Lokhu value sekuphenduke umkhuba e milimitha isigamu lisebenza zemvelo lemifanekiso umsebenzi: sidlule emanzini ngokusebenzisa uqobo, eziswini zonke udoti. Ngenxa yalokho, i-amatshe phansi kuyabonakala shazi. Amanzi ukucaca amamitha amane - yilokho edumile iChibi iBaikal. Izithombe walo mzimba amanzi esiyingqayizivele ubonisa ubuhle ngokubabazekayo imvelo acwebile. It kuncike kithi ukuthi we khweza it ukuze kuzuze izizukulwane ezaziyolandela.