Uyini impahla kangcono ophahleni ophahleni. Indlela ukukhetha indaba for uphahla uphahla

Izinto ukuze ukulungisa uphahla ophahleni kumele ihambisane nezidingo ezikhona. Kuyinto ukubukeka kwabo hhayi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi inkonzo izakhiwo. izinto Modern ukwakha uphahla noma ophahleni kufanele kube ngokuphephile ukuvikela isakhiwo kusukela kususwe ithonya elibi iziphi izici zangaphandle. Endaweni yokuqala umoya, imvula, iqhwa kanye nezinye kwezulu. Ingabe ikhona impahla kangcono ophahleni ophahleni? Ake sizame ukuqonda lokhu ngokuya phambili.

Uhlolojikelele

Emakethe namuhla abamelelwa izinhlobo ezahlukene ezintweni zokwakha uphahla for uphahla. Coatings ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka izici. Kule ndaba, ukukhetha indaba for uphahla ophahleni, cabangela lokhu okulandelayo:

• Injongo yalesi sakhiwo. Facilities kungaba zokuhlala, kwetimboni, temabhizimisi, yasendlini. Ngenxa yalokho, kukhethwe enamathela ne properties ahlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, indaba for uphahla uphahla igalaji kungaba ngaphandle kube zikhanga kangaka ngoba izakhiwo zokuhlala.
• Kulinganiselwa inkonzo nokuphila umgwengwezi kanye nesakhiwo iyonke.
• Inani wokufulela impahla tincenye letisele uphahla.
• Ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kwayo ukufakwa kanye nokugcinwa okwalandela.
• Ukuhambisana okwenzeka namuhla.
• ukwahlukanisa Sound and izakhiwo ukushisa-kokulondoloza.

Ukwahlukaniswa main

Coatings zihlukaniswe zibe:

• Heavy.
• Amaphaphu.
• Ukuba / kobuso non-amanzi.
• Okunye.

Ochwepheshe uqaphele ukuthi ngokuphelele jikelele kanye nokubika komhlaba ekahle alikho, njengoba ngempela akukho ephelele "enhle" zindlela. Nokho, kubalulekile ukufaka indaba for truss ophahleni ophahleni kumele ifane uhlelo nezinye izakhi design and ukwakhiwa bebonke.

Ukubunjwa enamathela

Ngakho, indaba inkomba ophahleni ukufulela kungaba:

• Amaminerali.
• Metal.
• Organic.

Ngo uhla enkulu emakethe namuhla ethulwa izinto esigabeni yokugcina. Ezinsukwini ubudala, ethandwa kakhulu ezinengilazi organic bebelokhu shingle notshani. izinto Modern wokufulela ophahleni lolu hlobo ingahlala kusuka eminyakeni 5-7 ukuze 25-30. Zihlanganisa, ikakhulukazi, kufanele sifake hlangana ibitume-polymer, polymer futhi ibitume enamathela. Yini embi ngalo iyona ukuntengantenga yalezi ezinengilazi kunomoya-mpilo imisebe ultraviolet. Ngaphansi kwethonya lezi zici, izinto uzokhathala ngokushesha ngokwanele, abanye bangase ukubola. Zonke organic enamathela ezivuthayo. Kancane esingaphansi ibanga amaminerali (ebuye ibizwe ngokuthi "itshe") izinto. Kuze kube muva nje, lesi sigaba ayevamile amathayili slate kanye tile Ceramic. Namuhla kwakukhona ezinengilazi ngaphezulu yesimanje. Kahle kahle, lokhu asbestos usimende amashidi (asbestos) kanye usimende-isihlabathi Tile. Lezi izinto okuhlala ezingaphezu kuka-organic. Mineral ezinengilazi amelana imisebe ultraviolet kancane othambekele abolile. Nokho, basuke kunalokho kabi ukubekezelela lokushisa ukuhluka. Ngu luthi alufane metal zihlanganisa ishidi izinto. I feedstock esetshenziswa ithusi, zinc, insimbi. Galvanizing, uma siqhathanisa nabanye ezinengilazi kulesi sigaba, hhayi njengoba isikhathi eside. Isikhathi sokuphila kwayo tekusebenta - akukho eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-50. Kodwa yethusi zinc enamathela ingahlala iminyaka engu-100.

nezinye ngezigaba

Sheeting ngoba uphahla uphahla kungaba:

• Metal flat noma profiled.
• Incwadi uma ikhuluma ngebitume-fibre (zokwenziwa fibre afuthwe ngesibulali itiyela).
• Asbhestosi usimende (metal, Ondulin nabanye).
• A polymer anemibala (slate).

Indaba for the ophahleni ezithambile ophahleni kungaba:

• Roll (i-asphalt, ukufulela impahla kanye ukuhlela kabusha yayo).
• Film (iraba nemisipha polymeric).
• MMA (slate yemvelo, tile, kuhlanganise esithambile).
• I-mastic (asphalt futhi polymer).

Nokho, ukuhlala ngokwahlukana isipho bangase bangathandi kahle kubhekwe ezivamile, ngenxa, isibonelo, ezinye leaf futhi isiqephu izinto zingafani usayizi kuphela.

slate

Lokhu kwaziswa ukwakha uphahla noma ophahleni uhlale funa. Omunye izinzuzo umgwengwezi ubhekwa izindleko zalo iphansana. Njengengxenye slate esetshenziswa Portland usimende kanye short-fibre asbestos. Uphiko sokuqala sicuketse 85%, wesibili - 15%. Ngemva solidification we kwakhiwa yokugcizelela anezikhala asbestovolokna. It lunikezwe amandla eqine futhi ubunzima. Slate eqinile futhi umlilo enamathela ukumelana. analogs European ibe namandla mkhulu impahla, ngoba ziqukethe iphrofayela ye gasket metal. Abakhi bathi bakhululeke ukubekwa kanye nokususwa slate. Ukuze ukulungisa usebenzisa nezikulufi ezikhethekile noma izipikili. Ukuvimbela ukuvuza enamathela at ukulungisa pads esetshenziswa zenjoloba. Omunye nemiphumela ethile engathandeki enkulu slate yikhono ulisebenzise kuphela ezitshekile izakhiwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphansi kwethonya kwezulu microcracks ngaphandle ezibonakala. Nge therein Ukungena umonakalo amanzi abe emikhulu, okuholela ekubhujisweni kwesimiso enamathela. Ukuze kwandiswe ngokuphila service futhi ekuthuthukiseni izindawo zokuhlobisa slate amashidi enkulu ekwakhekeni camera sombala ukwakhiwa. Ngenxa yalokho, kwakhiwa i-ungqimba zokuzivikela is phezu. slate Ngenxa siwulimi nohafu eside, futhi ukukhethwa ngo asbestos umoya kancane uye wakwenza ngokuzimisela.

Incwadi uma ikhuluma ngebitume-fibrous ishidi

Lokhu kwaziswa ukwakha uphahla nophahla lwendlu has elinye igama - "evroshifer". Kuyinto analog umgwengwezi kuchaziwe ngenhla. Evroshifer iwela isigaba amamaterial. ERussia, igama elivamile le enamathela kuyinto ondulin (okusekelwe brand ethandwa). Leaf ukuma kufana slate. Hallmark Ondulina kubhekwe kalula yokusingatha kanye namandla high. I enamathela has isisindo ukukhanya. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba wasibeka phezu kophahla ngaphandle kokukhipha impahla ezindala kanye nokuqinisa truss uhlelo. evroshifer amashidi ongamelana ipheshulwa umoya neqhwa umthwalo. Enye Analogue iyona enamathela, esetshenziswa enkulu ekwakhekeni polymer eyohlobo. Ngo indlela ukukhiqiza usebenzisa extrusion. Futhi, senqubo yokukhiqiza corrugate amashidi. Izinzuzo lokhu enamathela Mandla, isisindo ekukhanyeni, ukumelana umlilo, ukumelana acid futhi ane-alikhali ezindaweni, nobungane kwemvelo, ezihlukahlukene anemibala futhi ihlala isikhathi eside. Nokho, ukwaziswa okunjalo kungenziwa wabeka phezu kophahla nge emthambekeni hhayi ngaphansi kuka-15%.

ezinengilazi entsha

Namhlanje impahla ethandwa kakhulu ophahleni soft-phezulu. Asetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni amakhadibhodi noma enye, hhayi izinto putrescible. Ikakhulukazi, womshini ingilazi fibre isetshenziswa, i-polyester noma-fiberglass. Ahlanganisa ibitume okumsulwa noma ixutshwe i-polymer iqina. Lezi ezinengilazi zihlukaniswe zibe:

• SBS-modified. Ziqukethe okungenani 10-12% esemazweni polymer. ezinengilazi okunjalo zinezikhathi kuyaqina okusezingeni eliphezulu ngisho ezingeni lokushisa aphansi.
• APP-modified. Ziqukethe kusukela-25% ingxenye polymer. ezinengilazi ezinjalo ukushisa eliphezulu ukumelana.

Izinto esigabeni sesibili ngokuyinhloko asetshenziswa ezindaweni sezulu efudumele, kusukela ngosuku lokuqala - evumelana nesimo sezulu eRussia.

Simple bituminous enamathela roll

Lezi zihlanganisa ezihlukahlukene izinhlobo ukufulela impahla, okuncike amakhadibhodi, metalloizol, ucwecwe ekuvikeleni, nabanye. ezinengilazi okunjalo asetshenziselwa wokubacindezela futhi umusi kudivayisi isithiyo. Zophahla kanye ukufulela impahla Esekelwa lifihlakele uphonswe ezinophahla oluyisicaba. Omunye bokwenza ezinkulu zalezi ezinengilazi kumelwe zibhekwe njengezindawo okungamelwe ukuphila kwabo iDemo tekusebenta - akukho kuka kweminyaka emihlanu. izinto Round umbukiso sithuthukiswe luvelo izimo ozungeze umhlaba wethu. Abanaso ukubekezelela okushisa, UV imisebe futhi kwezulu. Abaningi bafisa ugcine futhi zithole ezinengilazi ezinjalo. Nokho, kamuva, le ntengo kokuqala ongaphakeme kuzoholela iba izindleko ezinkulu zezimali. izinga Better izinto yilezo lapho isakhiwo kukhona ugqinsi ucwecwe: metalloizol futhi ucwecwe olubamba ukushisa.

Ukusabalala ngcono

Lapho kuhlomisa izingqimba engenhla nengezansi ukufulela kanye ungangenisi amanzi nokupakisha esetshenziswa ngezinto web esekelwe ingilazi fibre, i-polyester noma ingilazi fibre. Phakathi kwabo, isibonelo, kuyafaneleka rubestek, Bikrost, linokrom, rubemast, ingilazi. Ngokuvamile, kusetshenziswe ezakhiweni flat bamisa (nge eyehlelayo-25%). Uma emthambekeni okukhulu, lokushisa high impahla lengashelela off ophahleni. Ukuze ukulungisa mastic ezinengilazi esetshenziswa. Enye kusimo kuba nesidingo ukuhlela multi-ungqimba usebenzisa amatshe futhi idwala uthuli. Lonke ukuphila umgwengwezi Uneminyaka ecishe ibe u-15.

ikhava isiqeshana

Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa tile, izinto ayevumela kanye metallic ukwakha uphahla noma ophahleni (isithombe Ezinye izibonelo kungabonwa esihlokweni). ezinengilazi ezinjalo okungcono ibekwe futhi hipped ophahleni takhiwo ukuthambekela ezinkulu. Ngu ukusatshalaliswa izinto kulesi sigaba kufanele kufake Tile Ceramic, slate shingles futhi azikhohlwe ngokuphelele izono zethu. Kugcine libhekene ukuqina kanye izimfanelo okusezingeni eliphezulu zokuhlobisa. Amashingili ipulangwe esenziwe ngokhuni anemifantu kanye nesigaxa emise kwesigaba esiphambanweni. Beka nabo izingqimba eziningana. Tile Ceramic kubhekwa ngokwanele "ubudala" simboziwe. Lokhu kwaziswa libhekene nobungane kwemvelo, ukuqina (ekuphileni inkonzo engaphezu kweyikhulu ubudala), kanye high izici. Namuhla, isakhiwo isetshenziswa ezintathu izinhlobo tile:

• Ezimazombezombe. Kulokhu, lo emakhiyubhi imigqa yasenhla nemithombo yasenzansi wenziwa ezinhlangothini ezihlukene. Umphumela kuyinto umphumela anemifantu.
• Slots. enamathela okunjalo sibekwa ngesimo "igobolondo." Ukuze ulungise izakhi kwamanye usebenzisa ukukhiya uxhumano ngamunye.
• Flat. Ibizwa nangokuthi "-beaver umsila". Lapho obandayo ilungu eliphezulu ihlanganisa inhlanganisela phakathi ephansi ezimbili.

Kukhona Tile usimende-isihlabathi. Ngezinye yokukhiqiza yayo asebenza ngebhethri isihlabathi isetshenziswa, zombala yensimbi oxide ne Portland usimende. Lokhu enamathela akabi ngaphandle elangeni eliza ngqo, it has ukuqina high kanye nokusebenza isikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto engangenwa umlilo, has ezinhle umsindo ukwahlukanisa futhi ongaphakeme conductivity ezishisayo. Isitaki Ukusabalala kungcono ophahla bamisa. Ukufakwa kungenziwa ngezandla zabo ngaphandle ukubandakanywa amaqembu ongoti.

metal

Namuhla le nto yisona esikhulunywa abantu abaningi. Izinzuzo enamathela metal kuzomele sifake inhlanzeko, namandla high, ilangabi ukumelana nesisindo ongaphakeme. Phakathi bokwenza Kuhle kokusho ezifweni ukugqwala, conductivity enhle ezishisayo kanye umsindo. Ngo womshini ishidi ezisetshenziswa kanye olulodwa-ucezu izinto zokusetshenziswa: steel, duralumin, ithusi, nasesikhundleni ipuleti zegolide, i-wanyathela ukufulela lensimbi. Ukuze ukufakwa enamathela kuyadingeka ukuheha Ochwepheshe. Ethandwa kakhulu kuze kube manje futhi lashukumisa ngothayela. Basuke embozwe ungqimba ekhethekile zokuzivikela i ingxubevange zethusi, titanium ne-zinc, okuyinto evimbela okuvela ukugqwala.