Uketshezi umfutholuketshezi: izinhlobo, ngezigaba kanye nokusungulwa

Ukufakwa nokugcinwa esimweni esihle izindlela lobuchwepheshe ukunakwa kakhulu ikhokhelwa izakhi obusebenzayo, imishini elisizayo futhi izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene nenkanuko edlulele kanye nokwesekwa. Kodwa izinga imishini ngezindlela eziningi incike eziwuketshezi. Sinenkosi imisebenzi ehlukene, kodwa bonke lizotholakala sehliselwe inkinga - ukwelulwa empilweni ezisebenza yesevisi izindawo. Indawo ekhethekile kuleli qembu usesikhundleni uketshezi wokubacindezela, nakho uba ingxenye ukusebenza, ingcindezi le ukusebenza izakhi nendlela yokubuyisela.

esetshenziswa kuphi uketshezi wokubacindezela kuthiwa?

Amafutha yalolu hlobo asetshenziswa kumadivayisi ahlukahlukene lobuchwepheshe kanye nezindlela. Isibonelo zakudala kwesicelo sabo - iphayiphi valve kanye nokufakwa kwayo. Ngamandla abo, amadivayisi wokubacindezela kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene umkhakha, ekukhiqizeni ngamanani amancane kanye nezokwakha uma. Kungaba cindezela imishini, lokubolekwa sakhiwa ifektri imigqa, machining futhi t wokubacindezela. D. Kubalulekile wazi ukuthi uketshezi wokubacindezela lungasetshenziswa e imishini yasendlini. Abanye onobuhle iziteshi womoya, imishini uzotshala namandla amayunithi lungasetshenziswa uketshezi ezinjalo. Futhi umsebenzi kulolu hlobo uwoyela, futhi, zihlukile - kuyafaneleka ukuba kabanzi.

umsebenzi uketshezi

Umsebenzi oyinhloko uketshezi wokubacindezela is ukusakaza ingcindezi zokusebenza yezingxenye uhlelo. Lokhu kungaba piston noma valve, into esemqoka ukuthi umthamo kawoyela wenza imizamo Lidlulisela ashukumisayo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo wenza ezihlukahlukene nemisebenzi. Ngokwesibonelo, njengoba sekuphawuliwe kakade, uwoyela lobuchwepheshe inikeza Lubrication kohlelo izakhi ngomshikisho ezisebenza, ngelula ukuphila kwabo inkonzo. Kuye ngokuthi izimo ezisebenza kungase kudingeke futhi enze imisebenzi ekhethekile.

Ngokwesibonelo, uma ukufakwa okungukuthi oluya tisebenta esimeni kuncike ezishisayo izingcindezi noma uku- thintana umswakama, ke kuhilela ukwenana wokubacindezela uketshezi Ukwakheka nge ofanele zokuzivikela izimfanelo. Kulokhu, lo technologist uyoncoma amafutha izakhiwo anticorrosive nokushisa ukumelana. Ngesikhathi esifanayo Ngokuzenzakalelayo, ingxenye uketshezi wokubacindezela ngamunye inikeza ukusebenza yokuhlanza. Ibhekane nokugeza njalo amapayipi, lapho evele kwawo kwangaphakathi balahle imvula namanye amanxusa elimazayo.

I izakhiwo amafutha ngoba wokubacindezela izinhlelo

Ikhwalithi ekufezeni imisebenzi engenhla kunqunywa izakhiwo laqanjwa ethile. Ukuze eyisisekelo yokusebenza izici eziwuketshezi wokubacindezela zihlanganisa ukumelana ezishisayo ukucindezeleka, viscosity, inertness kanye kwabantu. Kodwa zonke izinto eziphawuleka kakhulu futhi okhethekile izinga ukusebenza, kuhlanganise ukuphepha. Ngokwesibonelo, ukugqwala zingamelana uketshezi futhi imvelo olumanzi ngaphandle izinqubo negative ukugqwala. Kubalulekile futhi ukumelana ukugeleza balokho okusamanzi okungaphathwa inquma ukushuba umsebenzi umsebenzi kwengoma. Okungukuthi, abangabantwana ezincane index ukumelana naso, lo kangcono amandla ngobulili kusukela amandla iyunithi. Ngenxa yalokho, isilinganiso samandla esingaphansi ichithwa ukugcinwa ukufakwa. Enye into ukuthi ukufeza lusebenze kahle ukumelana kuyaqabukela eyenziwa ngaphandle ukulahlekelwa nezinye izimfanelo lobuchwepheshe nabonakalayo uwoyela wokubacindezela.

uketshezi Ukwahlukanisa wokubacindezela

Ochwepheshe uhlukanise uketshezi enjalo ngezizathu eziningana. Ngokwesibonelo, ukwehlukana eziyisisekelo wenziwa ngesisekelo lapho uya khona - olulodwa zenzeka kule uhla izingoma hydrostatic futhi hydrodynamic. Futhi uketshezi labelwe kuye isicelo. Ikakhulukazi, indawo yezihlanganisi aqanjwe ISO 15380 wokugubha izinqubo ukunikeza biodegradation okusheshayo. Kukhona futhi ukulungiswa ngezimiso eziphakeme nobungane kwemvelo. Avame elisetshenziswa okulungisa ukudla amayunithi. Enwetshiwe uketshezi wokubacindezela nge STOU wokugubha. Kujwayele eziwasebenzisayo enkonzweni izinhlelo ephathekayo. Kulesi funa iqembu ezibanzi eziwuketshezi asizayo lapho kungukuthi egijima engxenyeni eyinhloko a wokubacindezela piston indlela, kodwa asetshenziswa ukwesekwa yezingxenye ngazinye, ezifana couplings, amabombo amaqembu kanye converters.

zinhlobo uketshezi ngesisekelo izimfanelo ukusebenza

Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kuyisigaba kuyafaneleka ukucabangela le ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko amafutha wokubacindezela. Eyokuqala eziyisisekelo ukwakhiwa Are elihlukene exponents olinganiselayo viscosity, compressibility nokucindezelwa. Singasho Lena ejwayelekile izindlela zokuhlinzeka jikelele ketshezi wokubacindezela umsebenzi. Isigaba sesibili sihlanganisa indlela ebonakala ukumelana namachibi izinqubo. Loku kungafaka phakathi izinhlobo thermally ukumelana eziwuketshezi wokubacindezela, ekwazi aluka ngaphansi kwengcindezi okusezingeni eliphezulu, mbeni metal evele, amanzi kanye nomoya. Iqembu lesithathu lihlanganisa neliphelele ngokwengeziwe umsebenzi ukusebenza Ukuvikelwa ukushisa. Lokhu Ukwakheka, engewona nokho kuncike ingozi yomlilo, ngisho sisondelene umthombo umlilo.

Ukwakhiwa ngoba uketshezi wokubacindezela

Umkhiqizo okukhipha uqobo CONCENTRATE esekelwe amafutha lobuchwepheshe kanye izithasiselo. Isibonelo yakudala umenzeli ekhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa uwoyela amaminerali kanye emulsifiers kanye buhlanjululwe ukugqwala inhibitor. Eqinisweni, le nhlanganisela ngokwayo ongakhonza ngesisekelo ukulungiswa kokulungiswa yetheknoloji kungabuye kuhlanganiswe ibanga elikhulu elastomers. Ngokwesibonelo, ukwandisa wokubacindezela ingcindezi uketshezi, abakhiqizi iphathwa e ukwakhiwa lwezimpawu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ufuna ukufeza ngezinga eliphakeme izingxenye ezisebenza kuthiwa kungezwe lubricating amafutha emulsion kuyaqina.

isisekelo Eziyisisekelo

Zezakhi paraffinic, ingxube izixazululo naphthenic futhi okusezingeni eliphezulu kuhlanganiswe lingasetshenziswa njengoba base lamafutha amaminerali. Ingabe eyabiwe ngayo, siphinde ekhethekile ukulungiswa enezimfanelo ngcono ukusebenza eziyisisekelo. Lolu ketshezi zokwenziwa, enkulu ekwakhekeni izingxenye okuyinto esetshenziswa hydrocracking, compounds ether kanye polyglycols zazo kuvame kakhulu ukuba kusetshenziswe i-Izingxube umlilo-cishe yizona ezisetshenziswa kabanzi. Thola uhlelo lokusebenza futhi isisekelo eziyisisekelo wemvelo lapho amafutha wokubacindezela okubolayo kukhiqizwa. Uketshezi lolu hlobo kungenziwa sakhiwa imikhiqizo yemifino kusetshenzwe, okuyizinto ezahlukene nokuhlanzeka kwemvelo.

Kungakhathaliseki uhlobo base amafutha, isethwe kanye izinga zokuhlanjululwa kwabo. Kukhona izigaba ezahlukene, ngamazinga ahlukene pre-ukwelashwa kwengoma. Kukhona nenye indawo futhi kukhona amafutha abadlule zokuhlunga amaningi. Asinakusho ukuthi ukhetho lwesibili kungaba ngcono zonke izimo ukusetshenziswa. Kwezinye izindawo ngokufanele ukuvela ketshezi, ngaso enhliziyweni lapho sithola anolaka isici inhlanganisela.

Izithasiselo futhi modifiers ketshezi

Ngokuvamile indima esiwujuqu eyadlalwa izingxenye ezengeziwe amakhono okusebenza. Ziyakwazi alizimele noma ongumphelelisi nomunye, ngakho ukuze uthole ithuluzi enemisebenzi ngokugcwele, efanelekayo zonke izidingo, akunakwenzeka. Ntshashintshe esekelwe base kungenziwa wanginika izakhiwo ezifana anticorrosion, kuguga kanye antiwear izinga ukuzinza.

Ngakho izithasiselo zihlukaniswe imvelo yohlelo. Kukhona izingxenye anomthelela ngaphezu amaminerali uwoyela, futhi kukhona surfactants. Ngokwesibonelo, ukubopha uketshezi wokubacindezela etholwe ukufakwa kwamanzi ngomshikisho modifiers ukuba busuka kakade ngesikhathi operation indlela.

Basic njengoba izithasiselo uwoyela ngokuvamile kufakwe endaweni yokukhanda. Lokhu sigaba zingafaka izingxenye antifoaming, Antioxidants kanye nokunye okufana nalokho. D. okufakiwe esebenzayo nalemvelaphi kuyoba nenzuzo kulelo asidingi ukwelashwa uketshezi ekhethekile emva kwalokho.

Indlela ukukhetha uketshezi wokubacindezela?

Ngokwezinga elikhulu kukhethwa Ukwakheka inqunywa imibandela yokusebenza. Ikakhulukazi, omunye kufanele ucabangele ububanzi okushisa ezisebenza, uhlobo uhlelo wokubacindezela, ingcindezi izidingo zokuphepha kwemvelo namathonya zangaphandle. ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ikhokhelwa Inkomba viscosity efiselekayo. Uma umsebenzi ukunciphisa ukuvuza futhi sithuthukise ukubekwa uphawu, kubalulekile ukukhetha ingxube nge viscosity omncane. Futhi, ngendlela ehlukile futhi acabangele lokushisa nelondekile. Lapho unquma ukuthi yini ukukhetha uketshezi wokubacindezela kusistimu umile, kungenzeka ukuba makudle izingoma eyenzelwe ekwelapheni 40-50 ° C. Iselula ne-ashukumisayo izinhlelo ngokuvamile ezikhethiwe kakhulu ezikhethekile ketshezi izimali.

Indlela esikhundleni uketshezi wokubacindezela?

Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuvula ukufinyelela ichibi ukugcina uketshezi, ngokuvamile metal amathangi ekhethekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwenza indawo umsebenzi kanye netinsita. Ngokuvamile kuholele-e hose izibopho ayanikezelwa ukuba let go. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba uhlole izinga uketshezi wokubacindezela, umfutho kanye isimo jikelele. Okulandelayo iyona ukudonsa uwoyela. Lo msebenzi kungaba kwenziwe usebenzisa imijovo noma amaphampu nge compressors, kuye ngokuthi izici kwesakhiwo.

Ungase badlule ugcwalise ingxube entsha. Lo msebenzi ayephatha no- efanelekayo ithuluzi noma ngqo uma kungenzeka Ukukhipha ka hose nokufakwa. Lungile esikhundleni uketshezi wokubacindezela nayo eyenziwa nge air ukudonsa. angabiki ngokweqile kungaholela ukulahlekelwa ekusebenzeni kahle unit, ngakho ukwenza ngaphandle kokukhipha ezingadingekile igesi Izingxube.

isiphetho

imishini umfutholuketshezi ngokuvamile ukwenza imisebenzi wemfanelo ezidinga okusezingeni eliphezulu uxhumano umthamo. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, uketshezi wokubacindezela uba ingxenye agcwele obusebenzayo izinhlelo ezinjalo, ukuqinisekisa operation esitebeleni of amayunithi. Nge Ukukhetha efanele kwabasebenzi uwoyela ngeke kuselule isikhathi kuphela empilweni ukufakwa eziqhutshwa, umshini noma ithuluzi, kodwa futhi ngcono songa amandla esihamba imishini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukusebenza efanayo uketshezi wokubacindezela ukumelana kungandisa noma ukunciphisa umthwalo kwi drive indlela, okuyinto ngqo zithinte inani kwezinsiza yokuqothulwa.