Truss Ngokhuni enziwe ngezandla zakhe: design, ukubala

Akunakwenzeka ukungabaza ukuthembeka ophahleni ingenye izici ngendlela ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngesikhathi enhliziyweni yalo mklamo amanga truss ethwele ipulazi. ukufakwa yabo kungenziwa ngokuthi umsebenzi wemfanelo futhi kukhathaza enikezela olunembile izibalo. Umshayo uhlelo kumelwe ibhekane isisindo esehlanganise izinto, ukwahlukanisa, sheathing kanye kwezulu njengoba ice neqhwa. Uma sicabanga ngakho konke lezi zici, imishayo kufanele inikwe amandla esiphezulu. Abakwazi ukukhiqiza kwayona, kodwa lokhu kubalulekile acabangele endaweni lapho kwakhiwa indlu, kanye zonke izici, kuhlanganise umoya neqhwa imithwalo. Lokhu kumele kufake seismicity kwendawo kanye esakhiweni.

design

Izinkuni Trusses ababuthelwa kusukela uhlanganyela futhi semishayweni slanted mauerlat, bulala pole, besokunxele, besokunxele idayagonali futhi struts. izingxenye United yakha yophahla, okuyinto ine uhlobo unxantathu noma bocalantsatfu oxhumene eziningana. Ukunikeza ingxenye uphahla - semishayweni uhlelo, olubizwa nangokuthi umshayo. I-engeli lapho efakiwe, uhambelana emthambekeni ophahleni.

ipulazi Ngokhuni ngezandla zakhe senziwa ubuchwepheshe, okubandakanya ukufakwa semishayweni ku mauerlat esisogwini udonga. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ngisho ukusatshalaliswa isisindo. Engxenyeni engenhla axhunyiwe kuze kube semikhawulweni imishayo futhi run, eyokugcina okuthiwa podkonkovym ibha. Kulesi ingxenye Ihhashi ophahleni. Ibanga phakathi imishayo ophahla kumele kunqunywa izici impahla kwesigaba Trusses, nezinye izinto. Lokhu ipharamitha ziyahlukahluka kusuka 0.8 kuya 2 m.

Yini enye okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nomklamo ka yophahla

ipulazi Ngokhuni, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, liphethe semishayweni. Kufanele ibekwe parallel nemithambeka, njengoba umsebenzi wabo wenza okuhlukile kuka we uphahla. Uma kuziwa ukusebenzisa, ke uyabulawa ngesimo ugodo engu- efinyelela longitudinally kwaphezulu. Ukuze asekele girders yokwakhiwa truss kukhona zezinsika belele. Izingxenye podstropilnoy ipulazi - ke luhamba, kungenxa kubo ukuthi kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza semishayweni.

izibalo

Ukubalwa ipulazi sokhuni, Yiqiniso, kungcono ishiyelwe ochwepheshe, ngokuhamba yalezizifundo kufanele kucatshangelwe umthwalo, ababiziweyo unomphela kanye okwesikhashana futhi ekhethekile. Njengoba ephambili yokuqala izenzo isisindo ukufulela ikhekhe. Nakuba imithwalo bukhoma - lokhu imvula sezulu kanye nesisindo labantu abangaba ukugibela ophahleni ukuze kulungiswe. Lokhu kumele kufake futhi isici emoyeni.

imithwalo okukhethekileko nezangalezo nangokwakha ezindaweni nge high eziyingozi ezithandwa ukuzamazama komhlaba. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuba abale umthwalo iqhwa, okuyinto eyenziwa ifomula: S = Sg x M, lapho Sg - kuyinto mass kweqhwa umthwalo ngamunye imitha square. Lokhu ipharamitha kunemibandela, futhi ukubaluleka kunqunywa etafuleni, kuncike esifundeni. Ngokuphathelene nezindinganiso μ, kuba isici kuncike engela ukuthambekela ophahleni. Ukuze ukwazi ukubona umthwalo umoya, kufanele wazi okuyinto indawo itholakala indlu, kungaba evulekile noma intuthuko yasemadolobheni.

lokhuni ukwakhiwa truss ibalwa, futhi esekelwe value normative umthwalo emoyeni endaweni ethize. Kuyadingeka ukuba acabangele ukuphakama kwebhilidi. Kodwa ukuze sithole ibanga phakathi imishayo kufanele bazazi kwesigaba yabo kanye nobude. Uma esigabeni ugodo kuyinto 8x10 cm, nobude semishayweni akuyona kuka 3 m, ibanga phakathi izakhi ezifanayo kufanele sifinyelele 120 cm. Ngokwandisa kwesigaba ugongolo esiphambanweni 8x18 cm kanye nobude imishayo ukuze 4M ibanga ilingana 140 cm. Ngenxa seqiwe izenzo kwesigaba okuyinto ilingana 10x20 cm, ne trusses obuphelele akufanele bube ngaphezu kuka-6 m, ibanga kuyoba ulingana 140 cm phakathi kwabo.

Njengoba for nye izakhi kohlelo ophahleni ke kumelwe babe izigaba ezilandelayo: mauerlat - 15x15 noma 10x15, imishayo idayagonali - 10x20, kokuqina - 5x15, luhamba - 10x10, futhi ugijimela ngezinyathelo zokugcina zalezi zingxenye.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ezivundlile cross-section futhi Stitch amabhodi abayizimpumputhe, esimweni sokuqala, lesi silinganiso kuyoba 10x15, kanti eyesibili - 2,5x10 cm Uma izofakwa yophahla ezenziwe ngokhuni, ungakwazi kalula ukubala inani elidingekayo izinto, wazi isigaba semishayweni kanye nobude. . Kubalulekile ukwazi futhi kuyisinyathelo ukufakwa.

Ukukhiqizwa yophahla

Ngo esigabeni sokuqala udinga ukudala okuyinhloko ithempulethi lapho umsebenzi okunye oyokwenziwa. Semishayweni unayo design efanayo, ngakho isifanekiso kungasindisa isikhathi nokuzikhandla. amabhodi amabili eyodwa onqenqemeni nail ixhunywe, umphumela uba umklamo libukeka isikele. Lapho abulawe, ipulazi lokhuni ngezandla zakhe, emaphethelweni khulula sikelo etholwe ukufaka ezisekelweni ezindaweni semishayweni ukubekwa. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi yimaphi ama ukuphambuka uzoba ukufulela kummango.

Kuvele pair ezengeziwe izinzipho elizobhekana engela elisemandleni phakathi amabhodi. Kulesi sigaba, kungaba bazitshela ukuthi isifanekiso usulungile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungakwazi ukukulungisa ngosizo ibha transverse. Ukuze engela awushintshanga ngaphansi komthwalo, ibha ingalungiswa nge ngezikulufo.

Le ndlela yokwenza umsebenzi

Uma unquma ukwenza truss sokhuni, ukunakekelwa ke kufanele sithathwe uma udala isifanekiso, ngisho noma uzoba ngeziphambeko ongatheni, wonke isakhiwo eliwumkhehlekhehle. In the isinyathelo esilandelayo udinga ukwenza isibonisi esisha for ukulungiswa rifling phezu izakhi kohlelo. Kumele agodliwe 0.5 cm plywood zokuthola ibhodi okumele asetshenziswe ekubhaleni, ukushuba of okuyinto 2,5.

isiphetho

Rifling kufanele bakhethwe, ikhumbula cross-ingxenye kube semishayweni. Lapho Trusses zenziwa ngokhuni, ngosizo izifanekiso ngomumo eyenziwe kungaba rifling futhi uqale lokuqoqa ipulazi.