Pneumothorax: kuyini? Izimbangela, izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa pneumothorax

Pneumothorax - isimo lapho emoyeni kancane kancane zanqwabelana ngalo ingaphakathi pleural. Lesi simo sidinga esibhedlela ngokushesha. Lesi sihloko sinikeza ulwazi "pneumothorax: kuyini?", Uhlola izimbangela ngezimpawu zesifo.

Incazelo isifo

Khanyisa indoda seyisebenza ngokugcwele lapho ingcindezi kunaleyo ingaphakathi pleural. Uma zokugcina ngenxa ezinye zezizathu ingena emoyeni, lesi sibalo kakhulu anda. Iphatha ukwephulwa basabela usayizi, elibangela iphika nezinye izimpawu kubangelwa ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo.

Kwezokwelapha, isifo okuthiwa i-pneumothorax. It ngokuvamile kwenzeka kubantu abasha abaneminyaka engaphansi kweminyaka eyi-40. Uma unezimpawu ze-Ukuwohloka isimo jikelele isiguli kufanele esibhedlela ngokushesha. Uma kungenjalo, it is okwandisa ingozi yezinkinga ezisongela ukuphila.

Izimbangela izinhlobo isifo

Kangakanani pneumothorax, kuyini na? Lesi sifo kwenzeka kwi isizinda yezizathu ezihlukahlukene ukuthi ukunquma ukubukeka zako. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, odokotela ukuhlukanisa ngezigaba elandelayo zokugula:

1. pneumothorax okuzenzekelayo. Kutfutfukisa kwesizathu (primary) noma izifo isizinda (zesibili). Ivame kutholakala amadoda abaneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-20 kuya eminyakeni engu-40 emincane. Lesi sifo zofuzo nezici ezithile noma wamaphaphu isici. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isifo sofuba, noma i-pneumonia kungabangela lolu hlobo egunjini lokuhlolwa kwezifo.
2. pneumothorax Obungapheli. Kutfutfukisa ngenxa yokulimala thoracic, kokubili singangeni izilonda, kanye ekulimaleni yangaphakathi. Endabeni emoyeni yokuqala sidlulile ngqo ngaphakathi komgodi pleural ngokusebenzisa enenxeba elivulekile, bese usebenzisa lisuswe. Esikhathini ukudabuka Icala lesibili kwatholakala ukuthi nginesifo yamaphaphu. Ngenxa yalesi sifo emoyeni ingena ngokukhululekile endaweni pleural.
3. pneumothorax Iatrogenic. Kutfutfukisa ngenxa zokukhwabanisa yokuthola isifo noma yokwelapha (wamaphaphu biopsy, wokubhoboza, catheterization).

ngezigaba Kwethulwa ivumela ukuhlola kahle "pneumothorax" futhi zibeka ukwelashwa okufanele.

Lwasemtholampilo isithombe lesi sifo

I zokugula iqala ukuthuthukiswa yayo nge ukuvela ahlekise esifubeni, okuyinto inganikelwa entanyeni noma endaweni engenhla esiswini. Ukungakhululeki esiyitholayo lapho ukuphefumula noma ukuzikhandla ngokomzimba. Njengoba ukuqhubeka kwesifo kukhona ukuqina esifubeni, abantu bazizwe ukushoda emoyeni. Lokhu kungenxa okwandisa ingcindezi kule ingaphakathi pleural futhi kokucindezelwa yamaphaphu. Futhi, kukhona iphika, ukuphefumula engajulile, okuyinto akuyilethi impumuzo oyifunayo.

ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo kuholela pallor. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona okusheshayo kwenhliziyo ukujuluka ngokweqile.

uhlobo pneumothorax

Ukuba khona / ukungabikho ukuxhumana imvelo kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba uhlukanise sifo amafomu alandelayo:

• Ikhiyiwe. Kutfutfukisa lizinga lapho umoya ingena phakathi esifundeni pleural. Emtholampilo, lolu hlobo sifo libhekene abanomoya kakhulu. nengcosana emoyeni angahlakaza bebodwa.
• Vula. Kukhona yinhlanganisela emoyeni ngokweqile ingaphakathi pleural, lapho odongeni isifuba bronchus noma isilonda ezilimele baxhumana imvelo. emoyeni ngamunye inspiratory ludlulele ngaphakathi komgodi pleural, futhi uya emuva ngesikhathi okhishwa ngamakhala. Kuba ilingane umfutho womoya, eliphumela atelectasis.
• Valve. Le ndlela pneumothorax kubhekwa olunzima. Uma isilonda likhulu, kwakhiwa eziyinkimbinkimbi valve kulesakhiwo. Lapho ukuhogela umoya ongena ngaphakathi komgodi pleural ngesikhathi umoya kodwa awukwazi ukuphuma emuva. ivolumu Its kancane kancane. Lesi sifo kuholela ukufuduka kanye kokucindezelwa kwezitho mediastinal, ukuphazamiseka okumelwe uphefumule futhi ukhulume kwegazi.

Kuye ngevolumu emoyeni endaweni pleural iphahlwe pneumothorax elingalodwa, isilinganiso kanye inani. Kulo mBhalo, ukukhanya has esingaphansi kwesigamu umthamo evamile.

Izimpawu zesifo ezinganeni

Pneumothorax e izinsana singenzeka ngokushesha ngemva umoya ezimbalwa zokuqala. Kulokhu, it kuyindlela okuzenzakalelayo isifo. Kutfutfukisa lizinga nge engalingani-ukunwetshwa emaphashini, ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngenxa yokulimala umntwana. Izingane kuze kube iminyaka emithathu, kulesi simo kungaba inkinga i-pneumonia. Entsheni, lesi sifo kwenzeka ngesikhathi ukhwehlela ngesikhathi esilandelayo somoya kuhlasela.

Pneumothorax ezinganeni kungenzeka sibonakalise emtholampilo. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona ukumisa yesikhashana ukuphefumula, ezimweni ezibucayi ngaphezulu - cyanosis kwesikhumba, Ukudlikizela, okusheshayo kwenhliziyo. Izimiso yokwelashwa ziyefana kwabadala.

ukuhlola

okuyikona futhi ifike ngesikhathi kubalulekile pneumothorax okusolakala, ngoba isimo esinjalo ngokuvamile ikhiqiza yezinkinga. Ukuze uthole isiqinisekiso lesi sifo kudlala indima ekhethekile ukubukeka isiguli, ngokuvamile ihlanganisa zonke izimpawu ngenhla zokugula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu ukuthatha ukuma ezithile (uhlezi noma accumbency), khona-ke ingcindezi esikhaleni pleural esiyitholayo okungaka.

Ukuze behlolwa, uphethwe akwanele, ngakho isiguli ezinqunyiwe esifubeni X-ray ukuze pneumothorax okusolwayo. Kuyini lokhu? Lolu cwaningo kakhulu ulwazi futhi ikuvumela ukuhlonza ezindaweni ezithintekile, baphela wamaphaphu esifundeni.

Radiography - akuyona indlela kuphela uphethwe. Uma usola i pneumothorax bunikezwe scan CT, ukuhlolwa igazi for khona igesi, electrocardiography.

zosizo lokuqala

Pneumothorax kubhekwa isimo esiphuthumayo. Umuntu ngamunye kufanele sikwazi ukunikeza usizo oluphuthumayo kuya abathintekayo: bekwazi ukumehlisa ulaka, ukuqinisekisa ukufinyelela-mpilo ukuze zenze ukuba kunyuke ithimba kwabasebenzi bezempilo abaqeqeshiwe.

Uma kukhona ongaphandle pneumothorax sigqoka sisetshenziswa ukuze seal isici ukuba sibe odongeni sternum. Esimweni esiphuthumayo, ngokungabi bikho izinto oyinyumba ingasetshenziswa izindlela ngokurhaba (shirts, ithangi eziqongweni). Le ngxenye elicwengekileyo lendwangu kufanele usetshenziswe ngqo isilonda uqobo. Bonyana batshidze lesion phezu sigqoka kuyinto Cellophane osetshenziswayo noma polyethylene.

Lapho umphini pneumothorax nesineke kudinga wokubhoboza pleural elokususa igesi khulula jitter mediastinal futhi wamaphaphu izitho eqondisa.

Kubalulekile ukuba lula inqubo ukuphefumula nesineke. Ngenxa yale njongo kubalulekile walala i ebusweni ephakeme. Endabeni yokufikelwa kufanele alethe umuntu ekuphileni. Lapho isandla akuyona ammonia, kungaba kuthathelwe indawo nganoma iyiphi indlela nge iphunga okunoshukela (amakha, uphethiloli). Ngemuva usizo lokuqala kufanele alindele amaqembu kwabasebenzi bezempilo abaqeqeshiwe.

Ukwelashwa esibhedlela

Iziguli pneumothorax angaphansi esibhedlela saziso. Kuleso sibhedlela ochwepheshe benza wokubhoboza we umgodi pleural, ukuze umoya ngokweqile phandle. Ukwelashwa incike kundlela ezithile zalesi sifo.

ukwelashwa okulondoloza iyafaneleka kunjalo uma kuyindodana avaliwe pneumothorax encane. Isiguli kumele aqinisekise embhedeni ukuphumula ezinqunyiwe amaphilisi ezinhlungu uma kunesidingo.

Lapho samuntu Imininingwane e isifo pleural umgodi amanzi isethi. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze avimbele ukushaqeka kokubhekana nokulungiswa kwesimo esidalekile lula.

Uma isiguli ine pneumothorax evulekile, usizo enikeziwe ngaphambi kokufika amaqembu bezempilo, ivumela ukusindisa ukuphila kwesiguli. Umsebenzi oyinhloko odokotela - zokugula ukuhumusha efolomeni avaliwe. Ngenxa yale njongo, isilonda is sutured, lapho Ukungena komoya phakathi komgodi pleural we esitobhini. Kulandele zokukhwabanisa, ezifana nalezo adingekayo sitholakele "pneumothorax avaliwe."

Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, isiguli Kunconywa amasonto amane ukulishiya ngokuphelele ekusebenziseni. Hop ebhanoyini uvinjelwe izinsuku ezingu-14 emva kokwelashwa. Odokotela belulekwa ukuba bangalibali diving kanye nezinye ezemidlalo asebenzayo. Konke lokhu kubangela ukwehla ingcindezi.

Onalesi sifo emva kokwelashwa

Umphumela isifo kuncike yobudala kanye ocansini esiguli, khona izinkinga nezifo ezihlobene. Okuzenzekelayo pneumothorax wamaphaphu okwenzeka ku isizinda ezifweni zofuzo libhekene umphumela omuhle.

Ngo-20% amacala, iziguli ukuzwa isifo ngiwela ogibeni lwezidakamizwa, ikakhulukazi uma kubangelwa isifo eyinhloko. Dangerous yisimo yomuntu, lapho ingaphakathi pleural ligcwele umoya okuvela ezinhlangothini ezimbili. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kuhilelani i ukwehluleka oyingozi zokuphefumula nokufa. Ababili-indlela ukuma pneumothorax libhekene umphumela omuhle e-50% kuphela amacala. Ngaleli zinga kuthinta kakhulu nesikhathi kanye nekhwalithi usizo lokuqala.

yezinkinga pneumothorax

Cishe isigamu ehlaselwe isifo ukuthuthukisa yezinkinga ezihlukahlukene. Phakathi kwabo kubhekwa ukopha ezivamile phakathi komgodi pleural, okuyinto ezimweni eziningi has umphumela omuhle. Ngegazi olubanzi ukulahlekelwa odokotela silungise usibulale lesi siguli. Ngisho noma kungenzeka ukuba kulesetayelekile ngezimo zesiguli, kwandisa ingozi ukwehluleka zenhliziyo zokuphefumula. Zombili lezi zimo esongela ukuphila.

Obungapheli pneumothorax okufana ingozi yokutheleleka ukulimaza kanye kumiswa emphysema ongama. Emoyeni kancane kancane ingena phakathi amanoni ongama, okuyinto isimo esiyingozi. Enye inkinga yalesi sifo ubhekwa ukuvuvukala amacembe pleura. It kuhambisana isithombe esikhanyayo emitholampilo zidinga ukwelashwa olunzulu.

izinyathelo

izindlela Specific ekuvimbeleni izifo abekho. Ukuvimbela lesi sifo, odokotela batusa ukuba unamathele ngendlela enempilo, give up imikhuba emibi, isikhathi ukuze belaphe ukugula ukuba uchithe isikhathi esiningi bengaphandle.

Kusukela izinto kwalesi sihloko, okufundile pneumothorax kungani athuthukile, ukuthi kuyini, iziphi izimpawu zako ezisemqoka. Lapho izimpawu eziyinhloko zokugula kufanele Ungethuki. Pneumothorax - akuyona umusho, iziguli eziningi kakhulu babhekane ngokuphumelelayo kokutshelwa ngokukhubazeka kwengane. ukwelashwa esifike ngesikhathi futhi efanele okungavimba zokugula, ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa yezinkinga.