"Labo phezulu akakwazi, bengafuni amakilasi aphansi": umqondo kukaLenin ayenawo

"Labo phezulu ungakwazi amakilasi hhayi ephansi ungafuni" - esesiwazi okungokukaNkulunkulu Lenin, yena wakhetha isimo wamavukelambuso emphakathini, uma, ngokombono wakhe, zisuke sezivuthiwe zonke izimo ezidingekayo ukuze etat Ukuketulwa kanye kokugumbuqelwa kombuso elibusayo. Lokhu mqondo lenyuswa alandela sakhe, futhi kukho kwamaSoviet, wangena zonke izinsiza-kufundisa ku sciences zomlando kanye nesakhiwonchanti setenhlalo. Esikhathini sethu, le nkulumo futhi walondoloza, nakuba iye yasetshenziswa kwezinye izingqikithi maqondana nesimo esithile setepolitiki.

Izici ubudala

Inkulumo ethi "amakilasi engenhla bengayi, bengafuni amakilasi aphansi" yaqale lwenziwa umsebenzi Lenin "Mayevka sabasebenzi wamavukelambuso 'ngo-1913. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, uMbuso isiRashiya kwakuwulimi usesimweni esinzima. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, wayezothola enkathini kwezomnotho, ukunwetshwa ezimbonini, futhi ngonyaka wathi, liphakathi imibuso yezwe okuholela ku ukukhiqizwa yezimboni. Nokho, umbono walo ngamazwe kwakunzima kakhulu ngoba yokwehluleka empini Russian-Japanese lapho izwe lethu uhlulekile futhi walahlekelwa yingxenye Sakhalin Island, okwabangela ukunganeliseki yomphakathi. Ngakho-ke, inkulumo ethi "amakilasi engenhla akakwazi, awufuni amakilasi aphansi," Lenin, cishe wafuna ukubonisa isimo esishubile emphakathini nasesikhathini emibuthanweni engenhla kwamandla.

nokufundisa

Le nkulumo engenhla ihlobene eduze ukuthuthukiswa theory kwabo isimo izinguquko. Ngaphansi bezimiso zawo, kwaba khona ukuvukela kungenzeka kuphela amacala amathathu alandelayo: lapho iziphathimandla, uhulumeni akakwazi ukuphatha simiso esidala, umphakathi isebujameni ngicindezelekile futhi ayisekho ifisa ubuyisane isimo sakhe, futhi ekugcineni, lapho abantu bayakwazi ahlele aphinde enze bakamalalahlengezela ngokumelene isimiso esasikhona. Umqondo wokuthi 'abavelele emphakathini akakwazi, awufuni amakilasi aphansi ", esashiwo kumbhali esimeningcondvo izingxoxo ngesimo Yokuvukela umsebenzi lomunye, enesihloko esithi" Ukuwa II International "(1915). Kwakuyisikhathi esinzima emlandweni wezwe lakithi, owaba nengxenye kweMpi Yezwe I, okwaholela okubi kakhulu ukuthi lesi simo siyaphuthuma setepolitiki kanye nokukhula inhliziyo ukuphikiswa.

On the crisis

Lenin futhi washayelwa umqondo wokuthi revolution kuyadingeka ukuze afeze esingathí sina kodwa futhi ezijulile crisis uhulumeni. Ngalesi sikhathi, ngokombono wakhe, uquqaba kumele ihlelwe party wamavukelambuso ezaziyokwenzeka phezu kobuholi ukunyakaza. Ngokusho kwakhe, lo kuyimfuneko yokuqala ebalulekile subjective ngoba umbuso yimpumelelo.

mayelana umnotho

Lenin bakholelwa ukuthi indlela kuphela aphume esibucayi kwakufanele abe revolution wobunxiwankulu-yeningi. "... Phezulu, ezinzulwini ungafuni" - umusho okungukuthi ngefomu onomfutho eveza umqondo oyisisekelo esivelele sezimfundiso zakhe. Nokho, wayekholelwa ukuthi isizathu konke lokho ngemuva ezijulile izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho, egxilile isisekelo ukukhiqizwa. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, Lenin, umholi amaningana imisebenzi yakhe, futhi ikakhulukazi, encwadini yakhe ethi "The Development of capitalism Russia", washo ukuthi izwe lethu ekugcineni kwakhiwa imodi kosozimali zokukhiqiza. Ngokusho kwakhe, uhulumeni uye wangena esiteji eliphakeme capitalism - nababusi balo ukuthi uthi Lenin waqhubeka, ngesidingo revolution. Kuleli phephandaba, ke ihlaziye ngokuningiliziwe emakethe yangaphakathi, nokwahlukaniswa kwemisebenzi kanye ukukhiqizwa lezimpahla, okwaholela ekugcineni capitalism. Isimo samanje, okungukuthi obumbi uhulumeni kanye phansi abantu ngenxa ukusebenza kwawo, kuye kwaholela yokuthi "abavelele emphakathini bengayi, kanye amakilasi aphansi ungafuni 'abekezelela isimo esikhona manje. Esikhathini simo yokugcina, umlobi wabona embonweni ezinkulu kungenzeka kombuso.

Ukuqhathanisa nezinye izimfundiso

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Lenin ithuthukiswe le miqondo ngesikhathi lapho Russia khona nezinye isiqondiso setepolitiki, noma ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa wezwe lakithi. Ngokwesibonelo, Narodniks wagomela ngokuthi capitalism akudingekile umnotho umbuso, futhi wakhuluma ngezinzuzo ukukhiqizwa elincane. Lenin, kunalokho, wagomela ngokuthi capitalism akunakugwenywa, ukuthi ngokwemvelo savela ukukhiqizwa lezimpahla, okuyinto yena, wasuka division yezenhlalakahle zomsebenzi. Wathatha ngokuphelele imfundiso kaMarx zokwakheka tekuhlalisana kutemnotfo, okusikisela ukuthi uma kwenzeka kuba nokungqubuzana phakathi kwamabutho elikhiqizayo futhi ubudlelwane ukukhiqizwa ethuthuka preconditions inguquko. Kuyinto lo mbono ngamafuphi ukudlulisela isitatimende "abavelele emphakathini akakwazi, bengafuni amakilasi aphansi."

Lenin wafuna ukufakazela ukuthi iRussia ezivuthiwe isimo wamavukelambuso, nokuthi revolution kungenzeka ngaphansi kobuholi KwamaBolshevik Party. Imfundiso ngokukhamba kwesikhathi obonwa olusemthethweni nakubona esikoleni, izifundo enyuvesi.