Izinhlobo computer

Imizamo yokuqala ukwakha kudivayisi sokubalwa elihlobene ne mechanical (hardware kuphela) amayunithi. Kamuva, imibono efanayo ziye ukusebenza ngo uhlelo nge okuthiwa "logic kanzima", okungukuthi naye waba luyingxenye hardware ukuqaliswa. Amadivayisi anjalo baye ethile eyodwa enkulu - bakwazi ukuxazulula inkinga ohlobo olulodwa kuphela futhi alikwazi ukushintshwa ngesikhatsi kokuhlinzwa.

Ngakho-ke, ukuqhutshekiselwa okunomqondo ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zekhompyutha bekulokhu ukudalwa amadivayisi bangakwazi kalula ukuzivumelanisa ukuxazulula noma yiziphi izinkinga. Futhi lokhu kungenzeka kuphela ukusetshenziswa software kanye namadivayisi asebenzisa kulezi zinhlelo.

Ukudala Isofthiwe elandelayo intuthuko enkulu emkhakheni ubuchwepheshe bama-computer. Kuphoqelekile ngaphezu ihadiwe. Phakathi namashumi eminyaka uHlelo izinhlobo ezahlukene isofthiwe zadalwa. Lezi zihlanganisa uhlelo, isicelo kanye ne-software amathuluzi.

izinhlelo System zenzelwe ukuqinisekisa impilo uhlelo, nokuxhumana hardware ne-software, ikhompyutha kanye nokuxhumana yomsebenzisi. Lezi zihlanganisa uhlelo zokusebenzisa, abashayeli, ngezidingo, amathuluzi software, kanye nezinye izinhlobo ze-software. Okwamanje, kabanzi kunazo wokusebenza Windows nemindeni Unix.

Tinhlobo software ezihlobene isicelo, ukuvumela umsebenzisi ukuxazulula ezihlukahlukene imisebenzi - kusukela ukuthayipha ukuze baye bathi sebeshintshe ngokuphelele eziyinkimbinkimbi ngedatha ezikhethekile. Ukuze izinhlelo isicelo zibandakanya: umbhalo kanye nesithombe abahleli, ama-spreadsheet, imidlalo, abahumushi, njll izicelo umsebenzisi ichaza uqobo ngokusho izidingo zalo siqu.

Software neze ngokwanele, kodwa kufanele kube silinganisela ngendlela enengqondo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinhlelo ngaphezulu ifakiwe kukhompyutha yakho, kulapho-ke iyithuluzi ukwahlukahlukana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lezi zinhlelo zidinga izinsiza futhi kungaba kakhulu ukunciphisa ukusebenza uhlelo.

Kuze kwaba seminyakeni embalwa edlule yayithandwa kakhulu kukhompyutha izifundo Wabasaqalayo noma abasebenzisi ezithile imikhiqizo software. Nakuba umsebenzisi ethuthukisiwe zonke izinhlobo software ziyatholakala ukuthuthukiswa ngosizo uhlelo inkomba.

ithuluzi Software - kuba isimiso esinjalo, ngawo ungakha nezinye izinhlelo. Amahlelo la asiwa ngokuthi izilimi izinhlelo futhi aqukethe ikhodi umhleli, yesakhi futhi linker. Ngokungafani izinhlobo ezimbili zokuqala ukusebenzisa amathuluzi isofthiwe zidinga ezithile namakhono. Izibonelo ikhithi yamathuluzi kuyinto imvelo okudidiyelwe Delphi, Pascal, C ++ nabanye.

Ngakho, izinhlobo ezahlukene isofthiwe babe ukufeza izinhloso ezehlukene kanye degrees ehlukene obulukhuni.